Circulatory system - the most important device in the human body. It performs all the vital functions. This nourishing, protective, respiratory, transport, temperature control, and others. The main elements of the blood are considered to erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.
Structure and function
A lot of necessary information that is useful to humans, can learn from the test results. According to them, you can identify all the processes occurring in the body. To correctly interpret the results, you need to know all the main indicators. All blood cells of common origin, but they play different roles and have their function.
Function of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets, and the quality of their work strongly influence the state of the blood in the body. They are somewhat similar, but somewhat different.
erythrocytes
One of the components of the blood is a red blood cell, its structure and function are important for the body. Particles do not have a nucleus and organelles, the cytoplasm. Kind of reminds convex inside double-sided disc. Its dimensions: diameter - 8.7 microns, the thickness of 1-2.5 mm. Plasticity allows them to pass through a smaller opening than themselves. The mature red blood cell, the lower its ductility. Due to the structure of the membrane, which half the protein is a good conductor of oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. Hemoglobin - overriding component which contains iron.
This cell element carries the following functions:
- Transportation - gas transfer (trigger oxygen, carbon dioxide released) and other substances.
- Role in the regulation of blood coagulation and viscosity.
- Cell breathing due to hemoglobin, which attracts the O2 and CO2.
- Protective (creating immunity) - maintain the balance in sosudoobrazovanii.
Activities of your red blood cells carry 100-120 days. In the liver, spleen or split and become a component of bile.
leukocytes
White blood cells are in the blood plasma and lymph. They are white blood cells with colorless cytoplasm. The shape of their nucleus is unstable, it is distinguished from other white blood cells. This feature determines the duration of their existence from 2 to 4 days. They are formed in the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow.
White blood cells are different in appearance, structure, and functions, as they begin to grow either one or the other branch of hematopoiesis.
Myeloid germ includes:
- Neutrophils - contained in cells in the tissue fall only when necessary phagocytosis (destruction), and then die.
- Basophils - serve to produce substances in immune reactions. Their stay in the blood for long, then turned into fat cells, and it is the fabric.
- Eosinophils - are active against parasites involved in allergic reactions. Fabric life is low.
- Monocytes - unlike in the process of neutrophil phagocytosis attract large cage with viruses or bacteria. In the blood, do not linger in the tissues become tissue macrophages and support local immunity.
Lymphoid includes germ cells, antibody production their main purpose. There are 2 types: T- and B-lymphocytes. Their relation is called wbcWhich points to favorable or unfavorable changes in the human immune system.
The composition of these changeable. This gives an opportunity to realize its main function. First of all, it is the cells of the immune system. The main function is preventing the introduction of disease-causing substances in the body.
leukocyte function:
- Leukocytes detected signals from other cells of the danger.
- Activation and accordingly the response to the signals. Antibody.
- Phagocytosis - the process of absorption and digestion of foreign organisms.
- The destruction and removal of toxins of protein origin.
platelets
They represent small plate formed from megakaryocytes (large bone marrow cells). They accumulate the proteins that are required for the production of blood clots. Separated parts of their cytoplasm and enter the blood stream. The kernels do not have, but there are a large number of pellets. If the path comes across damage, platelet attached to it their processes, so it stops bleeding.
platelet function:
- Platelets form a platelet plug, secrete substances to narrow vessels.
- Marshall exchange process in the vessels.
- The adhesion (sticking) of certain antigens and pathogens.
- Provide a surface to accelerate clotting.
Platelets - a component part of a complex clotting process. There must be a constant dynamic equilibrium with the anticoagulant function, due to which the blood is maintained in a liquid state, but when the vessel is damaged a blood clot forms.
cell interaction
Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets constantly interact in the human body. The number of particles approximately stable. There are rules percentage of 1 ml of blood. Deviation from these talks about the premises of the disease or its availability. This will tell laboratory research. The table below shows the Ministry of Health data on the composition of each type of blood cell.
Table of normal values and deviations from the norm
This table shows the standards of particles and possible deviations.
| № | Indicators | Norma woman | The norm in men | increased rate | Reduced rate |
| 1 | erythrocytes | 3.7-4.7 x 1 l | 4-5,1 x 1 l | Polycythemia. Causes: dehydration, heart disease, lack of oxygen in the mountains. | Erythropenia. Causes: anemia, blood loss. |
| 2 | platelets | 180-320 x 1 l | 180-320 x 1 l | Thrombocytosis. Reason: blockage of the blood vessels. | Thrombocytopenia. The reason: an increase in bleeding. |
| 3 | leukocytes | 4-9 x 1 l | 4-9 x 1 l | Leukocytosis. Causes: leukemia, heart attack, blood loss. | Leukopenia. The reason: a viral infection. |
The number of erythrocytes and leukocytes platelets interconnected. Despite the fact that the function of each cell are different, each of them individually and in association has one goal - to ensure the protection of human life and body.
