Cardiovascular Diseases
Reference Book Of Diseases

Varicose veins: Symptoms and Treatment

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GENERAL

Varicose veins - a common ailment that affects mainly the lower limbs. In women, it occurs about three times more often than men - such statistics helps, first of all, increased load on the lower part of the body during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as wearing uncomfortable shoes on high heels. Besides the legs, varicose veins exposed to the digestive tract (stomach, esophagus), pelvic organs in women, testes and spermatic cord in men.

Varicose veins are known to medicine since ancient times - he was described Avicenna, Hippocrates and Paracelsus. However, the etiology of varicose veins during this long period of time has undergone significant changes.

If many centuries ago, the main cause of illness was hard physical labor, today varices provoked predominantly sedentary lifestyle - one of the major scourges of our time. Therefore appear and the disease can progress at the age of 30-40 years, and 60 to the clinical picture is often a totally spotted with dilated veins legs.

CAUSES

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The main reason that determines the development of varicose veins, - genetically caused weakness of the connective tissue. Because of this disease often it is hereditary - people in whom the race is already sick with venous pathology, more at risk of its onset and progression. At the same time there are circumstances which may serve as a trigger and accelerate the development of varices.

Factors contributing to the occurrence of varicose veins:

  • Bipedalism. It was found that among all mammals, only people subject to venous pathologies.
  • Endocrine diseases. Hormonal failures contribute to disruption of the connective tissue functions and, consequently, weaken the walls of blood vessels.
  • Uncomfortable clothes: Waist pantyhose, socks, stockings and socks with tight elastic bands, snare jeans and trousers, not matched in size shoes, high heels, a habit to sit with his legs leg.
  • Stresses, nerve disease: The blood vessel walls are located nerves that regulate the level of their elasticity. Elevated blood pressure due to stress leads to decrease tone venous walls, their thinning, formation of knots.
  • Irregular physical activity: a sharp change from a sedentary lifestyle to uncontrolled sports and vice versa, weight lifting, prolonged static load on the lower limbs. At the same time moderate load under the guidance of coach, on the contrary, it helps to strengthen muscles and improve blood flow.
  • Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.
  • Orthopedic problems: scoliosis, flat feet.
  • Professional career: a job that requires prolonged standing or sitting on the legs. This provokes stagnation of blood in the legs and pelvic organs, and increases the likelihood of developing varicose veins.

Risk factors include advanced age, and - the natural cause of the weakening of connective tissue elasticity.

CLASSIFICATION

There are many types of varicose veins. Most often, it is classified according to factors such as the shape and location of the nodes, the diseased organ, the reasons for the development.

Types of varicose veins on the nature of defeat:

  • reticular (Reticular): mild disease, at which suffer small capillaries. Their diameter does not exceed 2-3 mm, so prone area covered varices subtle Spider veins and "stars." This type of disease is more cosmetic imperfections and is easy to conservative therapies. At the same time should not be left unattended, since threatened to transform into a more serious form of the passage of time reticular varices.
  • segmental observed in one or more pritokovyh veins, whose diameter is 3 millimeters or more. Just like the previous type of disease, diagnosed in time segmental varices easily treated without surgery.
  • trunk It refers exclusively to large and small saphenous veins, with the first exposed to pathological disorders more often. This is a serious form of the disease is accompanied by expansion valves of the veins and the development of valvular insufficiency. Treatment of the disease is carried out by means of surgery.
  • Perforatnyth: it comes to this form of varicose veins it if the affected area covers the veins that connect deeply with surface vessels.

When the diagnosis-phlebologists doctors also take into account the location of the patient area - this parameter they distinguish varicose veins of the lower and upper limbs, uterus and other pelvic organs, varicose veins of the face and etc.

SYMPTOMS

Varicose veins - a disease that is almost always a smooth progression from lighter to heavier forms.

Main symptoms of varicose veins:

  • The appearance is not too severe vascular network in the skin, "stars" knobby jointsEspecially stands out on the thin light skin.
  • At later stages of joining such unpleasant sensations as pain, feeling of heaviness and bloating, Swelling, cramps.
  • Over time, irreversible changes also affect the skin on the affected organ - it becomes more dense, prone to pigmentation changesAnd in the most severe cases of eczema begins to be covered, cracked, trophic ulcers.
  • If varicose veins are subject to the pelvic organs, the patient experiences lower abdominal painSuffers from heavy vaginal discharge, it disturbed menstrual cycle. There are also more serious functional disorders in female reproductive organs, leading to consequences such as infertility and the inability to make the pregnancy. The disease is accompanied by psycho-emotional disorders: a woman becomes nervous, irritable, she has a tendency to depression.

When varices rectum (haemorrhoids) patient suffers of defecation, constipation, diarrhea, presence of a foreign body sensation in the anus. Defecation is accompanied by severe pain, blood in the stool, burning sensation.

DIAGNOSTICS

Diagnosis varicose legs, hands, face, genitals poses no difficulty - it usually skilled enough surface area of ​​the patient examination and palpation. A little more complicated things are, if the pathology affects the internal organs - in this case, such diagnostic methods are utilized as ultrasound and computed tomography. To assess the state of the walls of the veins of the uterus and ovaries, have resorted to computer Doppler.

TREATMENT

For the treatment of varicose veins in the early stages of using complex therapy, which includes the reception strengthens blood vessels drugs, improves the venous bloodstream therapeutic exercise, physiotherapy techniques, wearing compression knitwear. If the disease is not amenable to conservative therapy, the course is surgeryDuring which the patient is removed diseased vein and put in its place an artificial or donor graft.

Modern methods of treatment of varicose veins:

  • laser coagulation: During vein procedures introduced LED, heating the blood cells that sealed the affected area;
  • sclerotherapy: Very similar to the type of exposure treatment, the difference of which is that the vein is injected a special substance, which are glued from the inside.

Minus both sclerotherapy and laser photocoagulation is that these methods are applicable only in the initial stages of varicose veins and completely ineffective in its advanced forms.

COMPLICATIONS

Do not treat pathologies of veins threatens the development of complications:

  • bleeding;
  • inflammation of the veins;
  • chronic venous insufficiency;
  • the formation of difficult to treat venous ulcers.

Also able to provoke disease pulmonary embolism - pathology, in which the channel of occluded blood clot. Such a situation is life-threatening, because at any time the blood clot can break off and with the blood flow into the lungs, which immediately lead to death.

PREVENTION

To prevent or at least delay the development of varicose veins, for people who lead a sedentary lifestyle and have a genetic predisposition to the disease, it is recommended the revision of the regime.

Basic principles of prevention:

  • Showing moderate exercise, Outdoor breaks during work (walking around the room, and at lunchtime - a mandatory exit to the street).
  • When standing work is recommended from time to time transferring the body weight with heel on socks and back.
  • In the evening very useful after a hard day pour over the foot and lower leg cold shower or just cool water - this procedure relieve fatigue to the legs and improve blood flow.
  • Useful self-massage the thighs and shins. He is done with the hands or neuromuscular stimulator - a device that you can buy in a drugstore.
  • Equally important in the prevention of varicose veins has the correct selection of clothes and shoes. All shoes have to match the size of his feet and not cause discomfort when walking. The same applies to trousers, skirts, jeans - thighs trapped by a negative effect on blood circulation in the pelvic area and can cause varicose veins.

Since at risk include pregnant women, they should be especially attentive to the condition of their veins, consult regularly with your doctor, observing pregnancy, tell him about the appearance of such alarming symptoms as pain and swelling. When you see even small signs should wear a special compression garment, including summer.

FORECAST FOR RECOVERY

If the disease has time to notice and begin to heal, it is generally favorable prognosis - to severe case can not reach. But as varicose veins - a disease which is susceptible to the vast majority of older people, her appearance, unfortunately, can not completely prevent, but only postponed.

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