herpes zoster (Herpes zoster) - is a disease of viral origin, which is characterized by rashes on the skin (face, neck and thorax) on the one hand with acute pain sensations, as well as damage to the nervous system person.
GENERAL
Shingles symptoms and treatment of adults strongly influence the quality of life. The disease is caused by a virus from the family of herpes viruses Zoster. A person at a young age, the virus is the cause of chickenpox disease.
Facts about the disease:
- The incidence of disease is 15 persons per 100 thousand population Russian Federation age 60 years.
- Women suffer affliction 2 times more often than men.
- Despite generated by the body defense mechanism, re-signs displays herpes zoster occur 2% convalescents with normal immunity and 10% of immunocompromised.
- Zoster virus is extremely virulent - the person who has no specific immunity become infected on contact with native virus at 100%.
- The herpesvirus slaboustoychiv to the influence of external factors dies quickly when exposed to high temperatures, under ultraviolet light and the application of disinfectants. However Zoster virus is resistant to cold and can withstand multiple cycles of freezing.
- incubation period disease may have last few decades.
- route of transmission - airborne.
- Most suitable for spread of the virus season - autumn.
CAUSES
After undergoing a kid chickenpox virus spreads intervertebral nodes and posterior roots of spinal segments, where for many years stored in a hidden state.
The main reason for activation of the virus is a sharp decline in immune function, whereby particles of the virus are able to be fixed in healthy cells, having started the process of reproduction.
Causes of acute illness:
- The lack of vitamins and minerals in the body.
- Severe hypothermia.
- Work in hazardous industries beyond the norm.
- Persistent severe stress.
- Therapy medicines that reduce immunity.
- Oncological diseases.
- Transplantation of internal organs or bone marrow.
- Radiation therapy.
Symptoms of herpes zoster in adults may occur in the transition of HIV infection to AIDS.
CLASSIFICATION
Shingles is characterized in this way.
According manifestations:
- Encephalitis.
- Meningitis.
- With eye complications.
- Disseminated (rashes appear all over the body).
- Since complications of the nervous system.
- On the other complications.
- Uncomplicated.
By steps:
- Prodromal - from the first to the third day since the beginning of the disease.
- Acute - the third to the twentieth day.
- Convalescence - from the twentieth day up to 3 months.
- Long-term effects - the third month up to three years.
In form:
- Vesicular.
- Without rash.
- Generalized.
- Disseminated.
- Mucous membranes.
- Ophthalmoherpes.
- Hunt syndrome.
- Atypical.
Symptoms and Treatment in Adults are directly dependent on the form of herpes zoster.
SYMPTOMS
The first signs of herpes zoster are fever, malaise and pains to skin areas where the peripheral nerves attacked by the virus.
In the picture the typical symptoms of herpes zoster in adults - namely, a large number of pathogenic cutaneous formations, which are filled with a colorless liquid.
Other clinical manifestations:
- enlarged lymph nodes on the one hand;
- persistent headache;
- fever, chills;
- violation of the digestive function;
- burning and itching in the affected areas of the skin;
- insomnia.
DIAGNOSTICS
When the first symptoms of herpes zoster in adults is often confused with other diseases such as renal colic, angina, seizures, acute appendicitis and pleurisy. Therefore, the diagnosis of an early stage is very important differential analysis, which also helps to distinguish shingles from acute eczema, normal chickenpox and herpes simplex.
diagnosis methods:
- Polymerase chain reaction - unmistakably identify the causative agent of an infectious disease and facilitates the subsequent treatment.
- Cultural crop.
- Microscopic analysis.
- Immunofluorescence studies.
- Serological analysis.
The methods described above are applied only at the early stage of the disease, on the other stages of the disease sufficiently usual survey and examination of the patient, because the symptoms at this stage is clearly expressed, and herpes zoster is easily differentiated from other diseases specialist with similar manifestations.
TREATMENT
Treatment of herpes zoster in adults is to accelerate the healing process, reducing to a minimum of pain, avoidance of severe complications and maximum counteraction postherpetic neuralgia. Treatment requires a comprehensive approach.
Complex treatment:
-
antiviral:
- acyclovir-based drugs;
- virostatic drugs.
-
Reduce pain:
- based preparations of acetylsalicylic acid;
- analgesics and antipyretics anilide group;
- opioid analgesics.
- Antidepressants (tricyclics).
- Anticonvulsants (based on gabapentin).
- Corticosteroids (glucocorticosteroids).
- Novocaine blockade.
- Neural blockade (based methylprednisolone).
- Formulations for ophthalmic treatment (ophthalmic ointment, drops, liniments).
- Using infrared radiation.
- Immunostimulants.
In the treatment of herpes zoster use of ultraviolet radiation is extremely dangerous. Although the virus in normal conditions and die under its influence, but in the patient's body, this radiation causes, on the contrary, to its enhanced revitalization.
COMPLICATIONS
Very dangerous disease is in its disseminated form, when foci occur throughout the body and in large quantities. When such symptoms in adults to treat herpes zoster needed urgently, as any delay is fraught with development postherpetic neuralgia, which is expressed in constant acute pain even after the disappearance of all signs of the disease.
Other dangerous complications:
- aseptic meningitis;
- myocarditis;
- transverse myelitis;
- motor paralysis;
- viral pneumonia;
- hepatitis;
- encephalitis;
- diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- blindness;
- partial or complete loss of hearing;
- violation of oculomotor functions, blindness.
In patients with HIV infection herpes zoster can cause death.
PREVENTION
And the symptoms and treatment of herpes zoster should not cause a person of particular concern because the virus in its latent form is present in the body throughout life and in returning the body of protective functions in absolutely normal dangerous. Special preventive measures against herpes zoster does not exist, but should adhere to the basic principles.
Basic preventive measures:
- hardening of the body;
- strengthening the immune system;
- vaccination with weakened immune function;
- Frequent walks in the fresh air;
- treatment of systemic diseases;
- receiving vitamin complexes;
- saturation of the body microelements.
When dealing with a patient with herpes zoster in a healthy person should not have any problem, whether it is contagious. The priority of such contacts must be strict adherence to all safety precautions.
FORECAST FOR RECOVERY
At time begun treatment (in the first 72 hours after infection) recover within 2 weeks of therapy. Serviceability is fully refundable after the full restoration of immunity.
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