Overview
The causative agent of foot and mouth disease is virus, which comprises ribonucleic acid (RNA), type of Aphtovirus. It is characterized by high virulence, also dermotropic (affinity with the skin). It is divided into seven serotypes, which, in turn, are divided into several options. As a result, more than 80 types of the virus. It has a high resistance to adverse environment, Tolerates drying and freezing. However, heating to only 60 ° C it kills. Also can not tolerate exposure to ultraviolet radiation and disinfectants.
FMD virus was circulated among the animals. We are particularly susceptible to its action cultured man of cloven-hoofed species (cows, pigs, sheep, etc.), but can be infected and other animals - such as horses, dogs and cats.
Causes
To a man of FMD virus usually enters through thermally unprocessed milk and products derived therefrom. Rarer embodiments falling through the meat. Direct contact with an infected individual of infection offers several variations:
- the possibility of direct transmission, e.g., if implemented or milking the animal grooming;
- by droplets, if it coughs;
- and in contact with the objects, which are contaminated with secretions of a sick animal.
symptoms
FMD virus is in a state of incubation of 2 to 12 days, but most of this period is only 3-4 days. Start FMD signified high, up to 40 ° C, the temperatureTo which are added chills, headache and muscle pain, Aching limbs. After the first day they added other symptoms of infection, damage to the mucous membranes:
- a burning sensation in the mouth;
- hypersalivation - increased salivation;
- redness of the conjunctiva of the eye;
- sharp, unpleasant sensation during urination.
also occurs oral mucosal lesion, The swelling and redness. After mucosal appear small blisters (aphthae), first, their contents are transparent, then it becomes cloudy. After one day, aphthae opened, after which in this region are erosion, which tend to merge into one large eroded hearth.
In cases of FMD occurs inflammation of local lymph nodes with an increase in their size, so that there is a complication of swallowing function and discomfort during a call. The general condition of depression.
Mucous membranes of the nose, genitals and eyes characterized by similar symptoms.
Against the background of the defeat of the mucous membranes appear rashes on the skin, especially between the toes and in the lodges of the nail area.
Diagnostics
Definition of the disease is based on several key factors:
- typical symptoms with a standard development of the disease;
- Clinical diagnosis of scrapings from erosion and research patient discharge;
- definition of a virus is produced using serological testing of paired sera with sampling at 7 days;
- bioassay in guinea pigs: in the pads of their paws rubbed the contents of the AFL sick person, and on the basis of the reaction given by the confirmation or refutation of the diagnosis.
Treatment
Specialized treatments for foot and mouth disease are absent, due to too many variants of the virus. Usually, everything is based on the symptoms and treatment are similar in acute stomatitis.
sick FMD hospitalized for at least two weeks. It is assigned a light diet of semiliquid food that is easily digested and minimizes discomfort in swallowing. In some cases, can be supplied with a probe. Feeding should be up to six times a day.
Immediately after admission apply antiviral drugs broad-spectrum, as antipyretics and analgesics. Ointments, reinforcing and accelerating epitelizirovanie affected skin, for it can be used and ultraviolet irradiation.
In severe cases, to maintain the body, appointed by the cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, antihistamines and vitamins. If necessary, detoxification of the body.
prevention
The basis of the FMD virus prevention is subject to standard precautions, personal hygiene and sanitation activities. Mandatory state veterinary control of farm holding their routine vaccination with an attenuated strain virus, which is produced by repeated inoculations from one individual to another for the total elimination pathogenicity.
surely you must produce boiling and pasteurization of milk animals potentially infected areas. Also required heat treatment of meat of such animals to his eating.
Upon detection of FMD diseased individuals are immediately isolated from the rest of the population and in the area of occurrence hearth (farm, farm, etc) disease quarantine. Already ill individuals utilized in place, and those that are still resisting the disease, sent to the meat plant for subsequent slaughter. In the absence of such a possibility, they also destroyed in the outbreak occurred.
Quarantine held three weeks after the last recovery, foot and mouth disease or death from the forced destruction of animals in the infected area.
After spending a final disinfection. Have undergone a disease, animals were sacrificed and their meat and innards are the manufacture of cooked sausages.
Forecast
Upon infection, the human foot and mouth disease forecast, mostly positiveAnd the disease is cured, leaving the immune system. Consequences for the organism are usually not. An exception may be severe disease and foot and mouth disease in children, especially young children. They have, in addition to the main symptoms may occur secondary aphthae in the gastrointestinal tract. At the point of origin is registered secondary foci of disease-causing bacteria. However, its diagnosis may be complicated by the fact that the symptoms are similar to gastroenteritis, and treatment of foot and mouth disease can be delayed.
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