Anemia

Hemorrhagic anemia: acute, chronic, what it is, treatment, symptoms

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Hemorrhagic anemia - a disease that develops in the body due to a strong external or internal bleeding (haemorrhage). Critical for life is considered to be a state that occurs when the loss suffered in 2000 and more ml of blood. But even a small, often repeated hemorrhage accompanied by a decrease in hemoglobin and leads to the development of anemia, deteriorating state of human health.

type of anemia

What are the reasons

The main cause of the disease is the loss of blood. Depending on its nature isolated 2 forms of anemia.

Acute hemorrhagic anemia occurs when sudden and heavy bleeding. Most often they are caused by a violation of the integrity of large vessels (veins and arteries, the aorta) in trauma and surgery.

Other causes severe blood loss are:

  • Ectopic pregnancy, at which gap the fallopian tube.
  • Pulmonary hemorrhage.
  • Infarction (heart wall may rupture).
  • Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual period).
  • Rupture of the vessel walls, spleen.
  • Duodenal ulcer or stomach (bleeding opening at an aggravation of these diseases).
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pulmonary haemorrhage

In newborns, too, is an acute anemia. It occurs when the birth trauma and placental hemorrhage.

The second form of the disease is chronic hemorrhagic anemia. At this pathology and external internal bleeding occur frequently. They are small, but long-lasting and sometimes permanent.

External hemorrhoids are nasal and bleeding, as well as haematuria (blood in the urine excretion in renal lesions). Internal bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease and malignant tumors in the colon and stomach.

prolonged nature Anemia occurs because of hemophilia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in which disturbed coagulation (clotting) of blood.

Reducing the level of hemoglobin in blood or gipogemoglobinemiya occurs with a deficiency of vitamin C, radiation disease, leukemia (leukemia).

Symptoms and signs

Hemorrhagic anemia appears next to the symptoms that depend on the volume of spilled blood and the duration of hemorrhage. Both forms of the disease have both the same type and different for each of these manifestations.

Flies in the eyes

Common to a sharp and prolonged anemia are symptoms such as tinnitus, dizziness, blackout and fly in them, and weakness.

The acute form

As for acute post-hemorrhagic anemia a person loses a lot of blood, his breathing becomes more frequent, and there is shortness of breath, dry mouth. Skin and mouth mucosa pale. The skin temperature on the feet and hands is reduced, there is a cold sweat.

If the bleeding does not stop, the victim begins to develop hemorrhagic shock. It is characterized by the following symptoms:

  • Abrupt pressure reduction (less than 100/60 mm Hg) and weak (filamentous) pulse (this phenomenon is called arterial hypotension).
  • Shallow breathing quickened.
  • Blood circulation.
  • Inhibition.
  • Convulsions.
  • Recurrent vomiting.
  • Fainting.

If the victim is not assisted, blood pressure, it may drop to a critical level, there is hypoxia (Lack of oxygen in blood) of the brain and internal organs, and can lead to respiratory paralysis and death (stop heart).

The chronic form

Chronic hemorrhagic anemia manifest weakness, dizziness, and other common to both forms of signals disease. Some people periodically quickens the heartbeat, fainting occur.

The chronic form of anemia

With long-term anemia, the body lacks iron, so the patient begins with skin problems (It becomes dry), nails (exfoliate, crumble, break) and hair (grow slowly, and flogged fall).

Chronic anemia does not endanger human life through the reserve capacity of the organism, quickly compensating blood loss.

How is

With frequent external haemorrhage should see a doctor to find out the reason that caused them, and get rid of the problem.

If a person has internal bleeding occur, it may not be aware of them and do not speculate on the development of anemia in the body, that is. To. Its symptoms are blurred. The disease is often detected when passing routine medical examinations when studying the data of urinalysis and blood, ECG (electrocardiogram).

If the patient complains of the doctor for tinnitus and palpitations, a specialist can make a preliminary diagnosis of low pressure, increased heart rate, noise in heart. The final diagnosis is made after examination of urine and blood tests, sometimes after puncture of the brain, due to which it is possible to determine the activity of hematopoiesis. When the suspected pathology of the intestine is assigned EGD (examination using the endoscope).

If you suspect a severe form of anemia doctor pays attention to the symptoms of pathology, appoints ultrasound of the uterus, ovaries, kidney, colon, and blood chemistry.

ultrasound uterus

After the diagnosis to begin treatment of post hemorrhagic anemia. The main task of experts is to determine the source of bleeding and its elimination. For example, injured veins burst and sutured or ligated, restoring the integrity of the ripping organ walls. When you break her spleen removed.

For small gastric hemorrhages body was washed with hot (temperature + 55 ° C) or ice water. If there was extensive gastric hemorrhage from ulcers perform resection (removal of the damaged portion of the digestive organ).

Internal hemorrhage vessels stopped using laser or plasma scalpel less electrotome.

Eliminate bleeding and biological methods:

  • Solutions agonists (fenoterol, isoprenaline) which reduce the discharge of blood.
  • Hemostatic collagen sponge or plates impregnated with thrombin (applied after hepatic injuries and operations on it), which form a blood clot.
  • calcium chloride.
  • Ascorbic acid.
  • Oxytocin (used in uterine blood loss).
Isoprenaline tablets

These drugs are administered to patients intravenously (infusion) or intramuscularly.

After the liquidation of hemorrhage in acute anemia patients have to make up the blood volume (CBV). To conduct this infusion-transfusion therapy, which is based on the transfusion of blood or administering to the patient blood substitutes.

If the person loses less than 20% of the volume of blood transfused to him colloids (albumin, dextran) or crystalloids (Disol, Ringer's solution). With an average hemorrhage (up to 30% of bcc) using frozen plasma or blood components such as platelets or red cell mass. If the victim has lost more than 30% blood fluid, it is introduced packed red blood cells or whole blood (donor).

Depending on the clinical case apply different solutions and accurately calculate the volume of transfusion. When administered solutions monitored patient blood pressure monitor his pulse. This helps set the speed of the normalization of blood circulation (blood flow).

After the volume replacement is required to restore the water and electrolyte balance in the body, so patients administered electrolyte solutions (sodium chloride, Ringer-Locke solution), glucose, and albumin.

Ringer-Locke

To normalize violations appeared due to a sharp anemia, kidney, lungs, cardiovascular system and liver, prescribe palliative (symptomatic) therapy.

With the loss of a man of 30-40% of the blood volume and timely medical attention anemia prognosis is favorable, thanks to comprehensive treatment, the patient is recovering gradually. If as a result of hemorrhage victim lost more than 50% of blood fluid, a BCC can not be restored quickly, and this bleeding is considered to be incompatible with life.

Anemia prolonged treatment is different. After the diagnosis and determine the cause of the pathology the patient being prescribed drugs (tablets or capsules) containing iron (Aktiferrin, gemofer, Ferronal et al.). Medication prescribed by a doctor, it also sets the dosage. The patient should be prescribed by means of not less than three months, because it is necessary not only to restore the level of hemoglobin in the blood, but also to replenish iron stores in the body.

prevention

Chronic hemorrhagic anemia does not develop immediately, so that did not develop hemoglobin deficiency in the blood, you need to eat right. The diet should be present natural sources of iron (fresh fruits and vegetables, parsley), beef liver, beans, buckwheat. You should regularly consume protein sources such as meat (beef, chicken), drinks rich in vitamin C (rosehip tea, black chokeberry, black currant leaves).

People should spend more time in the fresh air and exercise.

Women with heavy menstrual periods in order to reduce blood loss is necessary to drink the infusion of yarrow.

Acute hemorrhagic anemia is dangerous to human life, so people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney, varicose veins need time to heal their diseases, so that they did not lead to complications. You should also have regular blood tests on the performance of its components: red blood cells and hemoglobin. With a deficit of the last necessary to take iron supplements and vitamin complexes.

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