Diagnostic Methods

Rectoscopy and colonoscopy: what's the difference, which is better?

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1 Features of the

methods To understand what distinguishes a colonoscopy from a sigmoidoscopy, it is necessary to remember that the human intestine consists of several sections. At different levels of extent are the blind, ascending, transverse and descending colic, sigmoid, straight parts. Each type of procedure affects certain departments.

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See also

  • Colonoscopy of the intestine
  • Description of the procedure for sigmoidoscopy
  • Symptoms of Crohn's disease
  • Effective agent for gastritis and gastric ulcer

Rectoscopy

Used by physicians to examine the straight, sigmoid parts of the gut. Without this method of proctology, you can not do. He gives a basic idea of ​​the state of the inner surface of the lower parts of the organ. Inspected with rectomanooscopy is up to 35 cm of the intestine from the anus.

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  • Tools.

The procedure is traditionally performed using a sigmoidoscope - a tool made of hard metal in the form of a tube 25-35 cm in length and up to 2 cm in diameter. Modern clinics often also perform a survey with a sigmoidoscope that is flexible and has a smaller diameter( 8-12 mm).

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  • When assigned.

Indications for rectoscopy are the symptoms:

  • discomfort, pain, rezi in the anus( sometimes flowing to the lower abdomen);
  • discharge from the anus of blood, mucus;
  • alternation of frequent diarrhea and constipation;
  • causeless weight loss.

Recto-manoscopy is indicated for monitoring the condition after the gastrointestinal diseases, if there are predispositions to the pathologies of this area in the anamnesis.

  • Preparation.

For carrying out it is required to prepare the large intestine by cleansing. The patient is recommended a three-day diet of rice or semolina porridge, fish, low-fat cottage cheese, clear meat broth. Strictly excluded: alcohol, tea, coffee, juices, legumes, bread, all fruits and vegetables, greens.

The day before, an enema or laxative preparations are usually taken. On the day of the procedure, food is excluded before inspection.

  • How to do it.

Rectoscopy is carried out for 5-10 minutes. The patient is placed in the knee-elbow or lateral lying posture. The tube of the rectoscope is lubricated with a gel, inserted into the anal opening by 5 cm. Through the eyepiece of the instrument, the gut is inspected, pumping air in uniform doses. It is possible to combine with a biopsy, remove polyps, cauterize wounds mucous. Recovery period and measures are not required.

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Contraindications:

  • Acute course of anal fissures, inflammatory bowel( peritonitis);
  • Intestinal lumen narrowing;
  • Severe bleeding.

In such cases, the diagnosis is transferred until the state stabilizes.

Colonoscopy

This examination method allows you to see the state of all parts of the intestine without exception.

  • Tools.

Colonoscopy is performed by a flexible fibrooptic device - a colonoscope. The instrument is a thin long tube with a backlight and a camera on the tip. The image is displayed on the computer monitor.

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  • When assigned.

Colonoscopy is necessary when a diagnosis has already been made. It is used to control the course of the disease. Also, this method of examination is used for the unidentified reason of latent blood in the feces, before gynecological operations, for the removal of deep polyps, as a preventive measure for cancers of the gastrointestinal tract in the family and after 50 years.

  • Preparation.

The diet is required, as in preparation for rectoscopy. The difference is in the exclusion of cottage cheese, other products are similar. The meal ends completely 20 hours before the examination, while the patient is transferred to clear liquids( herbal teas, water, sports drinks without dyes with a lot of electrolytes).

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On the eve of the evening an enema is made with Esmarch's mug for 2 liters, a no-shpa is taken to relax the intestines. In the morning, the enema is repeated or replaced by microclysters.

For 10 days, stop taking drugs with iron, aspirin, remove anti-diarrhea drugs. Their use threatens to bleed during the procedure.

  • How to do it.

Patient is given local anesthesia and intravenous sedative or complete anesthesia. The latter option is prescribed only by indications or with increased anxiety of the patient.

Colonoscope is injected into the intestine, moving gradually deep into the small intestine. Air is delivered, which is pumped out at the end of the diagnosis by a special valve on the tube. Possible concomitant removal of polyps, biopsy in the process.

After examination, the patient is left in the hospital for 2 hours, with general anesthesia, hospitalization reaches a day. The patient is not allowed to drive the car and work requiring attention, until the sedation completely disappears.

Contraindications:

  • Crohn's disease;
  • Peritonitis, acute colitis;
  • Any infectious diseases occurring in the body;
  • Cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency, heart attack;
  • Disrupted blood clotting.

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2 Which is better?

From the point of view of the value of diagnosis and information, precedence is given to a colonoscopy. It allows not only to control the disease, but also to detect it at early stages with great accuracy. At the same time, the method is more unpleasant in carrying out, it requires the most serious preparation, the recovery period. The risk of complications is increased, the list of contraindications is wider.

Rectoscopy is carried much easier, not accompanied by a special discomfort and pain, it passes quickly, has a minimum of contraindications. However, information content is limited to only 35 cm of the lower intestine and there is a risk of missing the progression of pathology.

With all the difference, it is impossible to single out one procedure by a favorite. These diagnostic methods are not opposed to each other, they are used according to the indications for a specific situation. The choice is made taking into account the maximum benefit, as well as minimal harm to the patient.

3 Conclusion on the topic

Bowel diseases can range from mild severity to a direct life threat. The identification of abnormalities at an early stage directly affects the effectiveness of treatment. Rectoscopy and colonoscopy as diagnostic methods do not exclude each other. In some cases, survey data are assigned sequentially from easier to more complex to fully clarify the situation.

Contents
  • 1 Features of
  • methods Rectoscopy
  • Colonoscopy
  • 2 Which is better?
  • 3 Conclusion on

Rectoscopy and colonoscopy are used to examine the state of the human intestine. Despite common goals, the procedures are significantly different in process and outcome. Inspection takes place with the help of endoscopes of different types, the penetration depth of the device differs. From a well-defined version of diagnosis depends not only on the informativeness, but also on the patient's safety.

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