AFP, hCG - is the primary examination for the detection of inferiority in the embryo. The procedure is performed at 16 weeks' gestation. Changing education glycoproteins indicates a violation of the formation and functioning of the placenta.
Why do analysis
AFP and hCG tests are part of a special study to determine the risk of the fetus of various pathologies. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is formed after the attachment of the embryo to the uterus wall. Protein AFP is present in a patient not having a cancer in the body.
Alpha-fetoprotein protein possesses properties delivers child necessary nutrients. Glycoprotein affect the immune pregnant prevents rejection of the embryo. Analyzes carried out during pregnancy to help prevent the development of complications and genetic deformities.
Analyzes are part of the "triple test", which is carried out during 2 Perinatal Survey.
Preparation and conduct
Analysis of AFP to determine abnormalities such as:
- Down's syndrome;
- liver and kidney disease.
The results of the study were significant, it is necessary to prepare for the procedure correctly. Blood on the AFP and hCG sit on an empty stomach. A study carried out before 12 noon.
The procedure was carried out in 2 trimester. Indicators of alpha-fetoprotein are most informative at 15 weeks.
Biochemical hemolymph hCG detects abnormalities in the formation of the embryo. A woman interested in the question how to make preparations for the procedure of a biological fluid delivery hCG.
Hemolymph is taken from the vein in an amount of 5 ml. Analysis made at 8 am, if the procedure is carried out after 12 hours of the day, the patient does not receive food for 5 hours before the start of the study.
It is necessary to renounce the use of fatty and salty foods. The physician determines the diagnosis is not only based on the results of analyzes, but also takes into account the clinical picture.
Normal levels by week
HCG norm in each trimester in IU / ml:
- the smallest value in the first 14 days - 25-300;
- Second - 10000-35000;
- before birth - 10000-60000.
Number gonadotropin increases to 42 days, then decreased. If pregnancy prolific, hCG increases exponentially.
Deviation of the 20% indicates an anomaly in the development of the fetus.
AFP and hCG in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy can detect at-risk groups that may appear malformation of the fetus. Changing the amount of hormones in check for a few weeks.
Rate set 1 AFP trimester. 2 weeks before the birth figures are the maximum value, then - reduced. Hormone Normal or MOM measured in U / ml. Considered standard value of from 0.5 to 2 MoM.
Level indicators AFP constantly changing every week has its own meaning:
- 1 trimester of 15 U / ml;
- 16 weeks - in the range 15-62 IU / ml;
- 3 has a maximum value trimester 100-251 U / ml.
Secondary research doctor prescribes at 18 weeks, normal levels of AFP 15-95 IU / mL them 0,5-2,0 MoM
The causes of variances, and what to do
Tests may have different results. Above normal AFP involves the development of the following pathologies:
- umbilical hernia;
- neural tube defects;
- liver disease ;.
- chromosomal abnormalities;
- overweight fetus.
Low values suggest miscarriage, the wrong number of chromosomes, missed first trimester fetus, molar pregnancy, false pregnancy, diabetes.
Analysis of AFP is not 100% proof pathology, a woman needs to pass ultrasound. For determination of AFP study amniotic fluid.
The study helps to prevent abnormal development of the fetus. In 5% of cases, analysis shows deviations from the normal course of pregnancy. Analysis of glycoprotein required to pass the 2 trimester. In case of questionable results doctor takes measures to maintain the pregnancy.
The deviation in the Normal chorionic gonadotropin, its high level indicate the developing toxicosis, the probability of occurrence of seizures, increasing the protein content in urine.
HCG education is linked to chromosomal abnormalities in 1 trimester amount of free hormone increases rapidly. When trisomy 21 the amount of hCG in blood increased in 1 trimester. Edwards syndrome gives low values of the endogenous protein with hormonal activity.
Poor prognosis appears in the case of low or high hormone hypersecretion of AFP and hCG pregnancy. There may be complications such as FPI, preeclampsia, preterm delivery. In women with high AFP reveal a violation of the placenta attachment. In 30% of fetal death was observed.
