KLA (CBC), the rate of women who were pregnant. Table age, deciphering

KLA - a complete blood countThat is included in the examination standards for the diagnosis of any pathology. Norms of men and women and for different age groups differ. Today it is a routine examination, without which it can not do any diagnostics in the clinical situation.

What does the KLA

Investigation universal in nature. After all range of indicators that can be identified during the general analysis of blood, it is large enough.

First of all, assess the so-called picture of the "white blood". It is about leukocytes, leukocyte formula. Their level, the number and relative distribution (percentage) allow to evaluate the severity of the condition, the severity of the inflammatory process. This is particularly important for surgical specialists.

The second area concerns the performance of "red blood". This hemoglobin and red blood cells. This is important in the diagnosis of anemia, blood loss.

When the prescribed study

As part of preventive examinations, clinical examination of CBC is an integral procedure. At the same time it is a kind of a screening method for the diagnosis of major disease groups. That is, it is so versatile that is informative and important for any pathology.

KLA necessarily designate therapists, doctors and Pathology craft for a job. Especially important for the health of children, including pre-school institutions, as well as hospitals, food processing facilities. In identifying deviations Diagnostics expands other, more detailed examination.

Prophylactic considered fence KLA before elective hospitalization. For example, prior to the surgery. For the doctor it is important not to miss a pronounced inflammation or decrease in hemoglobin in the framework of severe anemia.

For diagnostic purposes the doctor prescribed conduct general analysis of blood, when there is suspicion of inflammatory lung diseases, bronchi, kidneys, urinary tract, joints, and other organs systems.

This is important in the presence of high temperature and other manifestations of clinical signs of intoxication and inflammatory reaction of the body: weakness, chills, anxiety, pain in the joints, bones and muscles, feeling weakness. Informative holding KLA also for suspected anemia, the presence of cancer. For example, in the diagnosis of leukemia, this is the most important test.

Another important goal pursued by the doctor by assigning a common blood test is to control the efficiency of treatment. It also allows you to follow the course of the disease, so as not to miss a worsening or onset of a positive dynamics.

Norms rates among women by age, pregnancy

KLA (the norm for women in different periods of life is different) allows you to analyze the dynamics of the two main parameters - hemoglobin and hematocrit. Other indicators are not fundamental differences.

Age category Women	Hematocrit (normal)	Hemoglobin (normal)
0-2 weeks	40-65	134-200
1-5 years	32-41	100-138
9-12 years	34-40	120-148
15-18 years	34-43	118-150
18-45 years	38-50	120-150
45-65 years	35-45	110-160
over 60 years	35-47	120-150

For pregnant women it is important to know that this group of women, there are especially determined during the KLA.

They also can be seen in the table below:

Indicator	Norm
erythrocytes	3.5-5.0 T / L
Hemoglobin	from 100 to 160 g / l
hematocrit	0.31-0.49
color index	0.85-1.05
platelets	140-400 T / L
leukocytes	4.0-15.0 T / L
ESR	to 45 mm / hr

How to prepare for the study

The most important recommendation before handing the analysis - it is preventing a late meal. In no event should not be hungry before the KLA. Nutrition should be a regular. Restriction of certain products will not affect the results for the day.

But after 8:00. night eating is no longer necessary. Lipid particles called chylomicrons, can seriously distort the results of analysis. Breakfast is also not necessary to KLA. This may cause alimentary due to leukocytosis, that also will confuse the physician.

Drinking regime remains the same. Preferably not limit itself to receiving the fluid, since this fact will promote blood thickening or hemoconcentration. Alcohol taken the day before the study is strictly prohibited. After ethyl alcohol can affect any of the indicators of the KLA.

Psycho-emotional factors, including stress, distort the results. This is reflected in a change in the number of leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It should also be considered. Therefore, before handing the KLA better calm down, nothing to think about. Cigarettes advisable not to smoke at least half an hour before the scheduled collection.

If the blood delivers the baby, the mother should calm him down. After crying, screaming are additional factors that lead to blood clots and the increase in the number of leukocytes, or white blood cells.

About taking medication should discuss with your treating doctor. As a rule, they did not dramatically affect the general analysis of blood parameters. Therefore, in some situations, it is permitted to take drugs before the study KLA.

How does the biomaterial fence

Most medical laboratory facilities carry out an overall analysis of capillary blood. Venous blood for this purpose is suitable worse.

The patient sits in front of a laboratory. Blood sampling for analysis carried out by trained staff member. As a rule, it is the nurse who passed the relevant courses.

Blood is taken from the ring finger broken hand. Left-handers from the right, right-handers - with his left hand. Scarifiers special after treatment pads ungual phalanx antiseptic solution, extracted blood drop. Her wash with a cotton swab.

Then protrusion capillary blood is collected in a special glass tube with a pipette. If you are unable to carry out sampling the required volume of one finger, resorted to puncture the other fingers, observing the rules of antiseptics.

To capillary bleeding has stopped, it is sufficient to press the cotton wool with another finger of the same hand. The tampon should be disposed of in special containers. If it is impossible to pierce the finger pad, it is recommended to carry out sampling of biological material from the earlobe.

How to wait for the study results

The duration depends on which mode is conducted performance analysis. A sufficient proportion of health facilities equipped with automated analyzers. Their use greatly facilitates the work and reduces the possible waiting time. It is very important at the time of analysis by Cito! (Which means "quickly, quickly").

To determine the leukocyte still better manual counting method has been invented. The human factor lengthens the time it takes to get results.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is the measure of that, too, increases the duration of the common blood test. Without this option, the automatic identification of indicators in less than 20 minutes.

Explanation responses analysis

There are several possible variations of a common blood test. They differ in the number of defined indicators and parameters.

The easiest option - the so-called "troika". He performed in the order of "Cito!". Determined hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cells, white blood cells. In this format, the KLA informative for doctors admissions, surgeons and intensive care specialists.

More advanced version of the blood test is considered to be when they find:

• erythrocyte content;
• leukocyte count;
• platelet count;
• hemoglobin;
• hematocrit;
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

At present, the widespread introduction of automated systems, you can define up to 25 parameters of the KLA.

Indicators of red blood cells

This germ represented various embodiments of erythrocytes: polychromatophilia, megaloblasts. The latter two options are found only in pathology. Sometimes it is possible to see reticulocytes - young representatives of erythroid blood germ.

The content of red blood cells is calculated automatically. It is estimated in the amount of red blood cells per volume of blood. CONVENTIONAL unit such as Tera per liter or T / l. That is, it shows how much 1 000 000 000 000 cells per liter of blood is necessary.

KLA (normal erythrocytes in women ranges from 3.8 to 4.3 T / L) informative shows reduction or increase in red blood cells. In establishing any deviations from the norm should be to think about disease, so the blood test to be supported by additional surveys.

The next indicator of red blood cells, is widely used, it is hemoglobin. Primarily interested in its total content. More correctly in terms of physics and chemistry will call it concentration. It reflects how many grams of hemoglobin protein found in a liter of blood.

KLA shows different results, depending on the age and condition. In pregnant women, figure slightly below the norm. On average, healthy adult woman should have a hemoglobin of 120 to 140 grams per liter.

Consider in more detail this germ allow the following options:

• color index;
• erythrocyte indices;
• coefficient of variation of volume and erythrocyte size.

These indicators complement existing data. They allow a more detailed understanding of what happens to red blood cells, hemoglobin. The so-called erythrocyte indices over time replaced the previously used color indicator. It can be calculated independently from the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration. Rate is from 0.7 to 1.1.

Their first indices - MCV. This average volume of red blood cells. Measured femtolitrah. In women, it ranges from 80 to 100, while for men this parameter can reach 103 fl.

MCH is an index indicating how much hemoglobin is in the same cage. Its scope for women - 27 pikrogramm - 34 picograms. hemoglobin concentration within a red blood cell is measured in grams per deciliter. Designated index among the other parameters of the KLA as the MCHC. Range of normal values ​​is small - from 32 to 36 g / dl.

Red blood cells are not only the volume, but also shapes, sizes. On what types predominate, tell RDW. This distribution range or spread of red blood cells in size or volume. Rate from 11.5 to 15 percent.

The parameters for the assessment of "white blood"

This germ of the most diverse. His analysis is very important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

The most important indicator - the white blood cell count. This red blood cells, which are responsible for different kinds of immunity. They differ in morphology. KLA (normal women white blood cells is 4.5-9.0 g / l or 1 billion cells per liter blood) shows not only the quantitative characteristic of leukocytes. Simultaneously, the study of their qualitative composition.

For this purpose, the automatic analyzer determines the absolute content of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and neutrophils. In parallel, a so-called manually calculated wbc, showing the percentage of various types of leukocytes.

Within the table shows the main parameters of the leukocyte and the standard values:

Indicator	Absolute values, T / L	Relative values,%
lymphocytes	1.2-3.0	20-40
eosinophils	0.02-0.08	1-5
basophils	0.02-0.08	0-2
granulocytes	1.2-6.8
segmented	50-70
stab	1-3
blasts	0	0
monocytes	0.1-0.6	2-10

Mansion listed platelet or megakaryocytic sprout blood. Normal platelets sostavyalet from 150 to 200 g / l. To determine the scatter distribution of these "cell debris" in volume and has a size similar indicator PDW.

Hematocrit, Thrombocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate

The first figure shows blood clots. In other words, the proportion of formed elements (cell or composition) with respect to the blood volume of the plasma (the liquid part of it). KLA (normal female male identical parameters) for this parameter is from 0.39 to 0.49. Otherwise HCT is measured in percentage: from 39% to 50% respectively.

A similar figure exists for platelets. It is called trombokritom and is referred to as the PCT. This volume of blood platelets is occupied. Normally - 10.8 - 28.2 percent.

Finally, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or ESR. This marker is considered to be universal with suspected inflammation. In normal men ESR varies from 2 to 8. In women, this figure rises to 20 in pregnancy.

Reasons for deviations from normal performance

There are physiological and pathological factors that may lead to changes in the general analysis of blood. They should be released by means of the doctor, which assigns doobsledovanie after identifying parameters not satisfying the norm.

Anemia and polycythemia

Reduction of hemoglobin or red blood cells, or the simultaneous reduction of both parameters indicates the presence of anemia. Her character is defined by a color index or by using red blood cell indices.

When the CPU more than 1.1 and at elevated values ​​of MCV, MCH, MCHC should speak of hyperchromic anemia. As a rule, it occurs against the backdrop of hemolysis (destruction) of red blood cells. The second possible cause of this condition - B12 deficiency anemia. For further search is assigned to determine the level of vitamin B12, Coombs sample.

When CPU less than 0.7 and reducing erythrocyte indices logical to assume the presence of iron deficiency anemia. KLA supplemented venous blood analysis on iron, transferrin.

Erythrocytosis is considered to increase the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin. This may be due to blood clots as a result of smoking, lung diseases. In persons who have come from the highlands, is also possible short-term increase in red blood cells. More dangerous variant - erythremia or Vakeza disease. Confirm this type of leukemia can be after sternal puncture.

Leukocytosis, leukopenia

The increase in white blood cell count is called leukocytosis.

Depending on what types of white blood cells predominate, there are the following conditions:

• lymphocytosis;
• granulocytosis;
• monocytosis;
• eosinophilia.

Increasing the level of lymphocytes indicates the presence of current or have a viral infection. The second option - the presence of a specific infection. For example, leprosy, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis. The most dangerous option - lymphocytic leukemia.

Granulocytosis represents an increase in number of granulocytes. This condition is typical of acute bacterial infection. This may be pneumonia, bronchitis, pyelonephritis, appendicitis, cholecystitis, abscesses.

Eosinophils are responsible for anti-parasite immunity. Therefore, their increase indicates the presence of helminthic invasion. Monocytosis is typically associated with a viral illness. It is caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Formed disease - infectious mononucleosis. More common in children.

Leukopenia - a situation reversed leukocytosis, when the level of white blood cell counts below normal range. Typically, this condition is caused by tumors of hematopoietic tissue.

Rarer embodiment - iatrogenic decrease in leukocytes. It is about taking drugs. For example, during chemotherapy. Leukopenia may also be a consequence of exposure.

thrombocytopenia

Platelets are responsible for the power of the vascular wall and provision of blood clotting. Therefore, while reducing the level of platelets, called thrombocytopenia, there is a tendency to bleeding. This may be the usual red tocheski on the skin in areas of compression clothing, or massive bleeding until the DIC - syndrome.

By reducing at least 20 g / l have recommended administration platelet suspension. This is done in offices where there is an intensive care unit to provide emergency assistance.

Thrombocytosis - a condition that is thrombogenic. That is, it increases the risk of developing blood clots. In inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, the number of blood platelets greatly increases and decreases to background anti-inflammatory treatment.

How much is a study where they spend

KLA is the most simple method of diagnosis. At the same time it is the inexpensive. So he performed in all health facilities.

Investigation according to the tariff agreement inexpensive. Self blood sampling will cost about 40 rubles. A holding KLA will cost 250 rubles. But these amounts are different in different laboratories, as each can have its own price list of services.

KLA - universal, but not the specific analysis. Rates for men and women differ in different age periods, which should be considered when trying to self-interpretation of the results. But it is better not to do it, and enlist the help of a qualified doctor.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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