Dexamethasone. Instructions for use: in ampoules intramuscularly injections, eye drops, nose, tablets. Indications for use, price, reviews

Dexamethasone - broad-spectrum drugs, Anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anti-edema properties on the body and is intended for regulation of protein, carbohydrate, and mineral metabolism. According to the instructions for use, agent refers to a subclass of corticosteroids, hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands. Used in a variety of adrenal activity.

pharmachologic effect

Dexamethasone has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-allergic, anti-effects.

Interacting with the receptor in the tissue, the drug promotes the formation of proteins that regulate vital processes in cells. Thanks to what's going on:

• regulation of metabolic rate;
• elimination of inflammation foci;
• control indicator of globulin in the blood;
• participate in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism;
• reduction in the number of antibodies;
• reduction in the activity of mediators of allergy;
• fighting severe infections;
• control of the mineralization of bones.

Effect of the drug occurs almost immediately, preserved for a long time.

Pharmacokinetics

Most of the substances (70%) reacted with the blood transcortin (a special type of protein), it passes through the blood-brain and the placental barrier and is metabolized in the liver. Main components Dexamethasone allow to pass a barrier between the tissue and blood being absorbed while in the proximal small intestine. Half-life of the drug is usually about 2 days. Exception - parenteral administration of the drug, wherein the metabolism is faster.

Composition and active ingredients

The active component of the agent is dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Auxiliary components:

• methylparaben;
• disodium edetate;
• water;
• sodium hydroxide;
• sodium metabisulfite.

The composition of the different forms of production:

1. Injection. Substance per 1 ml: dexomethason (4 mg); C₃H₈O₃ (glycerol); disodium edetate (disodium salt); Disodium phosphate (dihydrate) distilled water.
2. Pills. On one piece.: dexomethason (0,5 mg); lactose monohydrate; MCC (microcrystalline cellulose); silicii dioxydum colloidale; magnesium stearate.
3. Eye drops. Per 1 ml of liquid: dexomethason (1 mg); benzalkonii chloridum; boric acid; sodium tetraborate; disodium edetate; distilled water.

The ointment (for skin and eye area) included 1 mg of dexomethason.

Method of production, prices

The medicament is discharged in the form:

• solution (injectable liquid droplets);
• tablets;
• viscous substance (ointments).

release Form	Manufacturer	Approximate cost
Pills	1. KRKA (Slovenia) 2. Updating the PPA (Russia) 3. GNCLS Pilot Plant (Russia)	1 45 rubles. (10 pieces.) 2 48 rubles. (56 pcs.) March 16 rubles. (10 pcs.)
ampoule	1. KRKA (Slovenia) 2. Vial (Russia) 3. Elf SPC (Russia) 4. Ellara (Russia) 5. Bryntsalov (Russia)	1. 195 rubles. (25 pcs.) 2. 124 rubles. (25 pcs.) 3. 135 rubles. (25 pcs.) 4. 83 rubles. (10 pieces.) 5. 181 rubles. (25 pcs.)
Drops	1. KO Rompharm (Romania) 2. Santen (France) 3. Belmedpreparaty (Belarus) 4. Farmak (Ukraine) 5. Updating the PPA (Russia) 6. Rompharma (Russia)	1. 93 rubles. (10 ml) 2. 186 rubles. (5 ml) 3. 33 rubles. (5 ml) 4. 58 rubles. (10 ml) 5. 70 rubles. (10 ml) 6. 91 rubles. (10 ml)
Ointment	1. Ursafarm, Germany	1. 96 rubles. (2.5 ml)

Indications

Instructions for use leads to the use of such indications Dexamethasone.

Dexamethasone tablets should be taken at

• acute and subacute thyroiditis (thyroid inflammation);
• hypothyroidism (state when persistent shortage of thyroid hormones);
• ophthalmopathy progressive (increasing the volume of the eye tissue) associated with hyperthyroidism (intoxication thyroid hormones);
• Addison's disease-Birmera (loss of ability to produce adrenal hormones in sufficient quantity);
• bronchial asthma;
• connective tissue diseases;
• rheumatoid arthritis in the acute phase;
• autoimmune hemolytic anemia;
• serum sickness (immune reaction to foreign serum proteins);
• agranulocytosis (reduced level of neutrophils in the blood);
• acute erythroderma (redness of the skin);
• pemphigus (skin disease, manifested in the form of bubbles on the hands, genitals, in the mouth);
• eczema;
• malignant tumors (symptomatic therapy);
• brain edema;
• congenital adrenogenital syndrome (hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex and increased content of androgens in the body).

Dexamethasone in vials for injection should be taken when

• shock of various origins;
• status asthmaticus;
• brain edema;
• severe allergic reactions;
• acute hemolytic anemia;
• thrombocytopenia;
• agranulitsitoze;
• acute lymphoblastic leukemia (malignant disease that affects the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus and other organs);
• severe infectious diseases;
• acute croup (inflammation of the larynx and upper respiratory tract);
• acute adrenal insufficiency; diseases of the joints.

Dexamethasone drops used in ophthalmologic practice for

• purulent conjunctivitis and allergic (inflammation of the mucosa of the eyes); keratitis (corneal inflammation);
• keratoconjunctivitis (simultaneous inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea) without damage to the epithelium;
• iritis (inflammation of the iris);
• iridocyclitis (inflammation of the iris and ciliary body);
• blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid margins);
• scleritis (inflammation of the deep layers of the sclera of the eye);
• episcleritis (inflammation of the connective tissue between the conjunctiva and sclera);
• inflammatory eye after injury or surgery;
• sympathetic ophthalmia (inflammation of the eye).

Dexamethasone ointment

The viscous substance is also used in ophthalmology. Local drug use is recommended for inflammation of the sclera (outer part of the eye), keratitis (corneal tackle operation), and lesions of the optic nerve (neuritis).

Dexamethasone. Instructions for use. Photo

Dosage and ways of application

Dexamethasone should be used in the following way:

1. Application injection. For parenteral administration in case of impossibility of reception destination tablets using a dropper and syringe. In the initial stage of an emergency therapy assumes the daily dosage not more than 0.5 - 9 mg. At the discretion of the doctor the dose is gradually reduced over 2-3 days (in some cases, the period takes longer). When applied topically 0.4-4 mg introduced into the joint (depending on its size), whereupon the procedure is repeated after 3 months. For children there is the calculation taking into account body weight: 0.02 mg per 1 kg.
2. Application of tablets. The initial daily dose, divided, if desired reception 2-4 - 0.7-0.9 mg. After 3 days of therapy recommended to reduce it to 0.5 mg. Maximum Dosage - 15 mg (with exclusion purpose 30 mg during treatment of multiple sclerosis the first 7 days of use of the medicament) Babies, as in the case of injection, the calculation is: 0.02 mg per 1 kg weight.
3. The use of eye drops. Dosage dexamethasone-Oftan conjunctivitis - 1-2 drops after 30-50 min. When removing the primary inflammation and sufficient 2 drops every 2 hours. Allergic reaction means that system drug administration: 1-2 drops of 4 hours. Research on the effectiveness of using eye drops has not been in children.

Contraindications

According to the instructions for use, the medicine is not recommended if:

• pathologies of the digestive tract (ulcer, gastroduodenitis);
• infectious diseases (herpes, measles, varicella);
• disruption of the functioning of the cardiovascular system;
• endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus);
• kidney and liver failure in severe;
• Pregnancy and hepatitis B period (use when absolutely necessary).

The preparation promotes the leaching of calcium from bones and increasing its renal excretion, reduces the strength of bone. It should be used with caution in people in the age of patients suffering from bone diseases.

Side effects

Possible side effects depend on the duration of the course of treatment, the patient's health, individual susceptibility to the drug.

Instructions for use indicate the possible side effects Dexamethasone application by:

• the endocrine system;
• the digestive system;
• of cardio-vascular system;
• nervous system;
• senses;
• metabolism;
• musculoskeletal system;
• skin and mucous membranes.

Other side effects:

• Local. Separately indicated on the local side effects: burning, numbness, pain, tingling, atrophy of the skin and subcutaneous tissue when administered intramuscularly, leucocyturia, "cancellation" syndrome. When administered intravenously: arrhythmia, "tides" of blood to the face cramps.

• Possible consequences of a short-term therapy: the failure of the immune system; uncontrolled weight gain (up to obesity); psychosis; occurrence of acute pancreatitis and the formation of ulcers on the gastric mucosa.
• Possible side effects of long-term course of treatment: increased susceptibility to infections; obesity; growth retardation in children; glaucoma; osteoporosis; leukocytosis; migraine; convulsions.

Syndrome "canceled" - most common example of a side effect of the drug.

It appears abnormal during long-term use of dexamethasone. Sharp and uncontrolled decrease the dose of medication is blocking the work of the adrenal glands, increases the risk of recurrence of the underlying disease, in extreme cases - death.

Overdose

According to reviews, the cases of apparent harm from the drug are rare, occur after a week of therapy. In many situations it is sufficient to reduce the dose of medication to improve the general condition. It should be very careful when calculating the number of doses of medication to children.

drug interactions

It is recommended to use caution while Dexamethasone with the following medications:

• antipsychotic agents (risk of glaucoma);
• insulin (reduced its efficiency);
• hormonal agents (risk of acne);
• diuretics (increased potassium excretion from the body).

Special recommendations and precautions

• Control ophthalmologist in applying eyedrops. Long-term treatment without consulting an ophthalmologist can not do. Especially in this case it is necessary to be attentive while applying eye drops and ointments Dexamethasone. Additional precautions relating to people with myopia and astigmatism.
• Control over the patient's state of health after treatment in order to minimize the possible negative consequences.
• Use with caution in pregnancy. Apply the medicine must be solely under the control of the gynecologist.
• Medication does not affect the adequacy of human behaviorAnd therefore can be used a vehicle control when needed.
• Interactions with other drugs. Incompatibility with the synthesized neuroleptic - chlorpromazine unequivocally confirmed. It is not recommended to use Dexamethasone is also a respiratory analeptic-doxapram. Analog Nekatemida can cause choking.

Conditions and terms

The normal term of a possible realization of the product - 5 years. It is recommended to use the drug of this term and its storage with a maximum of +25 ° C.

Conditions of supply of pharmacies

Deksametozon acquired by prescription.

analogs

Drug analogues that have similar properties and pharmacological effects are:

1. Deksakort. Available analog in the form of eye / ear drops and ointments. Assigned conjunctivitis varying severity, retinitis, otitis, etc. Receiving drugs: acute course of disease - 1-2 drops at intervals of 1-2 hours. At relapse of disease - 3-4 times a day for a month. Deksakort ears when problems are also used with the 3 drops of 1 session. Contraindications: eye disease viral and bacterial nature of education, glaucoma, tuberculous infection of the optic organ perforation (perforation) of the eardrum.
2. Dexamethasone phosphate. Solution for intramuscular administration (injection) and the topical administration (eye drops) .If hypersensitivity to the drug should abandon the assigned treatment. Bacterial infection as a contraindication when applying analog dexamethasone.
3. Maksideks. 1 mg of dexamethasone in the composition of the drug helps to cope with conjunctivitis, cornea and inflammation in the postoperative period. From medication is to give in the case of fungal and mycobacterial lesions eye structure keratitis and varicella. Hypersensitivity to the drug also can cause negative effects after taking the drug voiced.

Dexamethasone is a potent medication wide spectrum of action, should be taken only under medical supervision. If necessary, the application should be familiar with contraindications, possible side effects and precautions.

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