The ability to provide first aid in emergency situations, it may save someone's life. Tourniquet for bleeding - an important skill that should master each person.
When you can and can not
Tourniquet is applied in all cases damage to the circulatory system. To stop bleeding in which the small capillaries or small veins are damaged, this method is not used. Most often applied compressive bandage.
It makes no sense to impose a tourniquet, if the skin blood came as a result of the injury. Abrasion, cut with a knife when cooking does not require the use of a tourniquet. This can harm humans.
Strong harness tension can cause damage to the nerve trunks. Although the degree of pressure should be sufficient to stop the bleeding, we can not push so hard to pinched nerves.
It should be careful when a tourniquet to the forearm and on the lower third of the thigh. At these sites are major artery (for their clamping force is required), and important nerves, which can damage the inept actions.
First aid for venous bleeding does not include the use of a tourniquet. To distinguish this type of hemorrhage can be released by the color of blood. It is distinguished by a dark red color, thick texture. Released the blood pressure does not go, but just flowing from the wound.
Tourniquet is only required if arterial bleeding. Just a few minutes of this blood loss can cost a person their life. You must act quickly and accurately.
How to apply
Regulations concerning simple plait. If they are ignored, the body of the victim irreparable harm. Impose a tourniquet often falls on the shoulder area or thigh.
Initially, it is worth checking it really this procedure is necessary. To do this, the wound should be accompanied by cotton-gauze. If it is not filled with blood, the process is not needed.
Tourniquet if bleeding goes well, if the following rules will be taken into account:
- tourniquet can be applied only to clothing or fabric lining, or damaged skin;
- clip must be positioned above the wound, as closely as possible to the site of injury;
- blending process must be fast;
- it is not necessary to rush artery clamping wash the wound or to decontaminate the surface;
- the patient should be positioned so that the injury was above the level of the heart;
- tourniquet should remain visible under clothing.
Check the overlay accuracy can be achieved by probing pulse. If you can not find, then pinched the artery completely.
It is important to keep track of time for which the vessels are in the clamped state. In winter, the maximum period - 1.5 hours in the summer - 2:00. application time should write down on a piece and put it under tow or to fix on clothes. Some emergency room doctors recommend to write it directly to the forehead. If exceed the allowable time interval, the tissue will die off, and necrotic processes can lead to subsequent amputation.
Remove the wiring can only slowly. If after this time help did not come, it is necessary to weaken and shift a little higher. It is necessary to give a few minutes, the blood supply to the limb clamped restored.
To ambulance could properly assess blood loss, you can not throw all used cotton and gauze pads. If the blending time is exceeded, a tourniquet can not be removed to accommodate again. When extends over 2 hours necrotic processes have already begun. bandages weakening leads to the fact that out of the wound into the bloodstream fall dead tissue. It can cause severe sepsis.
In the case of limb detachment from trauma tourniquet is applied directly to the injured tissue above. After 2 hours the patch is not removed. The patient must be taken to a medical facility.
The coldest time of year it is necessary to wrap up the patient. If he is conscious, give warm drinks, painkillers to prevent a painful shock. The wound was disinfected after the procedure. If it contains any foreign objects, remove them yourself is prohibited. This can further injure and increase blood loss.
That can be used
As the harness is permitted to use any means available. Time searching for specific products in emergency situations there. You can use the following items:
- belt;
- sleeve;
- flap of tissue;
- rope;
- sling.
To help the affected person can use a long towel. Its tear or cut with scissors into a few broad bands and then used during the procedure. Can not be used for this purpose wire, thin rope, fishing line. Such items greatly injure the skin.
upon application error
Stop the bleeding tourniquet - a procedure pre-work-out which is best done. Sometimes it makes sense to at least once to perform the procedure on a healthy human being, which is located nearby. At the same time we must not forget that the account goes on a minute.
The most common mistakes are:
- imposing too tight;
- does not specify the execution time of the clip;
- washing and disinfecting the wound before clamping the artery;
- preservation bandages longer acceptable time;
- imposing on products naked body.
If blood continues to stand out quickly after clamping the artery tourniquet applied incorrectly. In such cases, impose another slightly upstream artery. Then, remove the old bandage slowly.
The mistake of those who provide first aid for accidents, is that in the medicine cabinet contained only one tourniquet. Better to buy 2-3 pieces.
how to keep
Tourniquet on the limb can be for a period not exceeding 1.5 hours in winter and two in summer. If during this period the aid does not arrive in time is required to remove the product, a few minutes later apply again and specify the updated time. Repeat procedure should be as long as the patient does not get to a medical facility.
Tourniquet is applied for a period that allows the cells remain viable without receiving power from the blood. If damaged neck artery is clamped her hand, often pinning the damaged place all the weight. When the wound is extensive, it tamponiruyut.
Competent and quick action can help save lives. If the accident suffered several people have first aid to those who have a better chance to survive. If you are helping all the rules of procedure have been complied with, a person will quickly restore their health and improve well-being.
