Uterine bleeding or metrorrhagia may occur in women of any age. First aid, further treatment and prevention of various pathologies hemostatic apply drugs: uterine bleeding administered injections, tablets, herbal extracts, vitamins and minerals complexes. Selecting effective means and dosage regimen depends upon the severity of condition of the woman and in each case determined by the physician.
Tranexam
Tranexam - one of the best drugs to stop bleeding. It is available in tablet form or as a solution for injection which contain the same active substance - tranexamic acid. It is a synthetic compound helps to stop bleeding local or systemic nature, to prevent excessive loss blood during menstrual strong, nasal and post-partum bleeding, surgery, hemophilia, the risk of developing bleeding.
Therapeutic oral and intravenous dosage forms Traneksama same: 1 tablet and 1 ampule (5 ml) contains 250 mg of tranexamic acid. The need for the appointment of a particular dosage form is determined individually. At moderate uterine bleeding doctors recommend taking the tablets, but severe blood loss during - injection.
Tranexam contraindicated accept at subarachnoid hemorrhages and individual intolerance tranexamic acid or formulation auxiliary components. In renal failure, recent myocardial infarction, disturbance of color vision, cerebral thrombosis and thrombophlebitis reception Traneksama have to agree with the doctor. A history of these diseases requires special care in the appointment of hemostatic drugs.
Dicynone
Dicynone - another effective hemostatic drug, it has a complex effect in uterine bleeding:
- activates the formation of thromboplastin - a protein that accelerates and normalizes blood clotting;
- It normalizes capillary permeability and increases their stability during pathological processes;
- improving microcirculation;
- It prevents the formation of thrombi.
Dicynonum produced in two dosage forms - tablets and solutions for injection. 1 tablet contains 250 mg etamzilata - a main component, having a hemostatic effect. The same amount of active ingredient contained in one ampoule 2 ml.
The maximum concentration of active ingredient in the blood is detected through 3 hours after ingestion of the tablets after 20 minutes - after intravenous administration. Therefore, the standard treatment regimen, doctors prescribe a course of injections at first, and then recommend to switch to tablet form Dicynone.
The drug is contraindicated in the following pathologies:
- etamzilata intolerance and sodium sulfite;
- thrombosis;
- thromboembolism;
- malignant blood disorders (leukemia, hematological malignancies);
- congenital glucose intolerance;
- lactase deficiency;
- glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome;
- acute porphyria.
Admission Dicynone does not cause internal discomfort, but can reduce the amount of heavy menstrual flow and abnormal metrorrhagia. Injection may also be used to stop the blood under the skin injuries or dental extractions: sterile napkin or tampon impregnated with a liquid and is applied to the wound.
oxytocin
As a means of emergency for bleeding in a female physicians often prescribe intravenous Oxytocin - solution containing the active ingredient of the same name. The drug belongs to a group of hormonal agents, has a stimulating effect on the uterus.
The main indications for use are Oxytocin:
- stopping heavy bleeding during menstruation, and in between them;
- Prevention of bleeding for weak uterine tone;
- control of postpartum hemorrhage;
- scheduled delivery excitement;
- as an adjunct in the treatment and diagnostic study in gynecology.
With Oxytocin can stop uterine bleeding in minutes. However, the drug should be administered only under medical supervision, constantly monitoring indicators Blood pressure, heart rate, the balance between supply and liquid separation and tone of the uterus.
Hemostatic agent is able to extend or shorten the duration of certain medicines, has a number of side effects and contraindications. The dosage and frequency of administration are determined in each case individually.
vikasol
Among the drugs that can quickly stop uterine bleeding can be attributed Vikasol in the form of a solution for injection. The preparation contains menadione sodium bisulfite - particular form of vitamin K is involved in the biosynthesis of procoagulants. This synthetic substance has a hemostatic effect, increases blood coagulability, enhances the production of serotonin, histamine and other biologically active substances.
Menadione is shown in the following pathologies:
- metrorrhagia various etiology;
- bleeding on the background of diseases of the digestive tract, radiation sickness;
- preparation for surgery;
- prevention of postoperative bleeding;
- long nose and hemorrhoidal bleeding;
- bleeding provoked overdose anticoagulants (fenilina, neodikumarina et al.).
Vikasol produced in tablet form. They drink 2-3 times a day, and the therapeutic dosage is determined depending on the patient's age. Since menadione sodium bisulfite may cause the formation of blood clots, treatment tablet or injectable form vikasol should not exceed 3-4 days. If necessary, a second course of therapy can be carried out after a 4-day break. Effect of the drug begins within 8-24 hours after contact with the blood, so it does not apply to the provision of emergency assistance.
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic acid in powder form and a solution for infusion can be administered orally and intravenously. The drug has hemostatic, anti-allergic and antiviral action used for various stops bleeding (including uterine and post-operative), prevention and treatment of influenza and SARS.
A solution of aminocaproic acid has no age restrictions, and when indicated it is used in pediatrics. The medicine is not administered at an elevated sensitivity to the active ingredient, pregnancy, propensity to thrombosis, cerebral circulatory disorders, severe liver disease, kidney and heart.
During treatment aminocaproic acid requires constant monitoring of qualitative and quantitative indicators of blood. The effective therapeutic dose of the drug and shape determined by the physician depending on the age of the patient and the severity of its condition.
askorutin
Askorutin - the drug from bleeding appointed with bleeding disorders. It is produced in the form of tablets and contains the active component 2 - ascorbic acid and rutoside trihydrate (rutin). This combination of materials helps to reduce capillary permeability and fragility, to strengthen the blood vessel wall, Accelerate tissue regeneration, to mobilize the body's defenses.
Askorutin recommended for the prevention of bleeding take 1-2 tablets 1 time per day. In the treatment of bleeding in women the dosage should be increased by 3-4 times, and drink 1-2 tablets up to 4 times a day. Askorutin contraindicated to take with:
- hypersensitivity to routine and ascorbic acid;
- increased blood clotting and a tendency to thrombosis;
- gout;
- diabetes;
- kidney and urinary tract.
Rutin and vitamin C can strengthen, weaken or neutralize the effects of other drugs while taking, so before starting drug therapy should consult with a physician.
etamzilat
Injection Etamsylate assigned for the prevention and control of bleeding of different etiology. The main indications for use are:
- metrorrhagia;
- hypermenorrhoea;
- hematuria;
- surgery and post-operative period in gynecology, obstetrics, dentistry, urology.
Hemostatic styptic strengthens blood vessels, an increase in the platelet count, decrease vascular fragility. Etamzilat not suitable for high blood coagulation, thrombosis, asthma, acute porphyria, leukemia, osteosarcoma, and hypersensitivity to any component of the drug. To stop uterine bleeding solution is administered intramuscularly or intravenously. The daily dosage depends on the patient's weight and about 10-20 mg per 1 kg etamzilat mass.
Diferelin
Bleeding caused by endometriosis or uterus tumor formations, physicians stopped by injecting a drug called Diferelin. This medicament is manufactured in the form of a lyophilisate from which the slurry is prepared and immediately administered to the patient by intramuscular injection. The main active substance is triptorelin acetate - a synthetic analogue of the natural hormone gonadorelin.
Scheme of treatment is determined individually depending on the diagnosis and causes bleeding. The drug is contraindicated in osteoporosis, pregnancy and hypersensitivity to the active substance. In the process of preparation of the solution and administration Diferelin, be careful, so the injection should do a health worker in a hospital.
Chloride and calcium gluconate
Calcium supplementation normalizes indices of blood clotting, reduce the permeability of blood vessels, have hemostatic, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effect. For a comprehensive treatment of uterine bleeding doctors use chloride and calcium gluconate. The difference between the drugs is a method of administration: calcium gluconate may be administered intramuscularly, and calcium chloride - intravenously.
Calcium contraindicated in individual intolerance main and auxiliary components, hypercalcemia, increased blood clotting tendency to form blood clots, atherosclerosis and severe renal insufficiency. calcium compound may strengthen or weaken the effect of many drugs, however reception scheme and the daily dosage necessary to discuss with your physician.
Injectable forms of calcium gluconate is administered daily or every 1-2 days 5-10 ml of preheated solution to body temperature. Tablet Formulation take daily 2-6 tablets depending on the patient's condition. A solution of calcium chloride is introduced slowly and only intravenously (bolus or infusion). After contact with the drug in the blood of a woman a feeling of heat, spreading throughout the body. This is a normal reaction to the administration of the drug, which takes place in a few minutes.
Ergotal
Ergotal available in tablet form and a solution for intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. It is prescribed as a hemostat for bleeding provoked uterine atony (loss of tone). The preparation comprises a mixture of phosphate salts of ergot alkaloids - fungal species parasitizing on cereal crops.
Ergot alkaloids used for treatment of metrorrhagia, migraine, neurological disorders, anxiety states and excitation. Dosage Ergotala assigned depending on the dosage form:
- tablets - 1-2 pcs. 2-3 times a day;
- injections - of 0.5-1 ml of solution subcutaneously or intramuscularly, 1-2 times per day.
The course of treatment is determined by the attending physician. The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy, sepsis, severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, kidney, thyroid.
Extract smartweed
Herb extract water pepper is available in the form of a transparent, greenish-brown liquid with a characteristic floral aroma. The preparation contains a complex of biologically active substances - flavonoids, glycosides, tannins (hyperoside, kempoferol, quercetin, luteolin, miretsetin, ramnazin, rutin). They reduce the permeability of capillaries, normalize the structure of the walls of blood vessels, stimulate the uterine muscles, accelerate blood coagulation, have a bactericidal effect.
To stop the bleeding gynecological problems or postnatal complications, water pepper extract is recommended to take 3-4 times a day for half an hour before your next meal. The dosage is determined individually depending on the age of the patient and the clinical picture. The drug has virtually no contraindications, except for individual intolerance of components and childhood to 12 years.
vitamins
In addition to hemostatic agents, physicians recommend at metrorrhagia take vitamin and mineral complexes with high content of the individual substances:
- Vitamin K (involved in the formation of blood clots);
- vitamin C (strengthened fragile blood vessels);
- vitamin A (protects the cell membranes from damage, contributes to the formation of red blood cells);
- B vitamins (facilitate unpleasant symptoms);
- vitamin D (normalizes the production of sex hormones, prevents ovarian, breast, prostate and intestine);
- fumarate, sulfate or gluconate, iron (up for a shortage of iron in the background bleeding increases hemoglobin).
Vitamin supplements and iron supplements should be drunk for bleeding and for some time after stopping. Of the whole range of iron tools, doctors most often prescribe syrups, tablets, Capsules (Aktiferrin, Biofer, gemofer, Maltofer, Sorbifer Durules, Tardiferon, Fenyuls, Ferretab, Ferropleks). Prescribed by a doctor in some cases may be more effective injectable form (Venofer, Kosmofer, Likferr, Monofer, Ferinzhekt, Ferlatum, Ferroksid).
