Abnormal uterine bleeding: classification, symptoms, treatment, ICD, clinical guidelines

Abnormal uterine bleeding - a pathological condition that develops when blood vessels rupture, lie in the walls or cervix. AMC does not depend on the phase of the menstrual cycle, they may have varying degrees of severity. To include abnormal bleeding and prolonged heavy menstruation. The problem is found in women of any age.

Causes

Development of abnormal uterine bleeding is facilitated by:

• Diseases of internal genital organs. The most common include infectious inflammation (endometritis, tuberculosis), endometriosis (abnormalities, accompanied by a thickening of the endometrium and its spread outside the uterus) polyposis. Acyclic spotting are often the only sign of cervical cancer.
• Hormonal disorders. Spotting arise due to dysfunction of the ovaries, which is broken when production of female sex hormones. The disorder provoked by increased growth of cysts, malignant tumors of the appendages, early puberty. Cause bleeding and may ekstragenital'nye endocrine disorders - increased activity of the thyroid or adrenal glands.
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• Hormonal contraceptives.
• Chronic liver and kidney disease, impaired hematopoiesis processes. Blood clotting is reduced, because of which there internal bleeding different localization.
• Iatrogenic causes. Spotting can be caused by post-operative complications, the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices, taking anticoagulants.
• brain diseases associated with impaired hormonal regulation. These include trauma and tumors of the pituitary and hypothalamus.
• Pregnancy. Spotting occur during detachment of the placenta or spontaneous abortion.

Classification and symptomatology

Classification of abnormal uterine bleeding includes the following pathological states:

• Anovulatory AMC. Refer to the single-phase bleeding. It occurs due to violations of the processes of maturation of follicles and release an egg.
• Ovulatory AMC. Occur against the background of hypo- and hyperfunction of the corpus luteum are biphasic. Such a symptom often occurs in women of childbearing age.
• Polimenoreya. Menstruation occur more than 1 time in 3 weeks.
• Proymenoreya. The menstrual cycle is not disrupted, but separation observed for 7 days or more.
• Metrorrhagia. This type of pathology is characterized by the occurrence of spontaneous bleeding not associated with menstruation. Cyclicity in this case absent.

The clinical picture of disease include:

• Pain in the abdomen. Aggravated by physical activity and sexual acts. Rarely observed dependence of discomfort on the phase of the menstrual cycle.
• The presence of bleeding. Distinguish abnormal from normal helps the duration and severity of bleeding. Considered abnormal menstruation, lasting longer than 7 days and cause massive blood loss (more than 200 ml per week).
• Signs of anemia. Continuous discharge of blood from the genital tract thereby reducing the level of hemoglobin. In this case, the patient complains of general weakness and dizziness. Skin become cyanotic hue. With strong bleeding decreases blood pressure, heartbeat quickens, the consciousness is disturbed.

Treatment

Selection method of treating abnormal bleeding depends on its cause. Most often used:

• Means, which increase blood clotting. Intravenously infused platelet mass. Help cope with the problem gemostatiki (Dicynone). The drug activates clotting factors, rapidly stopping bleeding. They must be used under medical supervision.
• Means normalizing hormones. Used for the treatment of diseases caused by the lack or excess of certain hormones. These drugs include progestins, androgens, thyroxine.
• Surgery. When used polyposis scraping followed by histological examination of tissue removed. When fibroids and other benign tumors, laparoscopic procedures are used. In cases of large tumors is performed abdominal operation.
• Antibacterials (Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin). Appointed by the presence of inflammatory processes caused by bacterial infections. The course of treatment lasts for at least 5 days.
• Correction lifestyle. A woman should eat right, avoid casual sex, screened regularly during pregnancy.

Possible consequences

Abnormal uterine bleeding should not be ignored. This dangerous symptom may indicate the presence of cancer and other diseases. Massive blood loss require the removal of the uterus, which makes a woman infertile. In the absence of medical care death may occur. Neobilnye allocation are considered equally dangerous. They increase the risk of infection and malignancy of the polyp or tumor.