Belly in the human body - the unprotected area of damage in this area occur frequently, especially in childhood. Most of them do not pose a threat and does not require medical assistance. But some injuries give rise to bleeding. Parenchymal bleeding - this is one of the most common causes of hospitalization. If time does not detect and stop it, it will lead to the development of complications or death.
Causes
The main causes of internal bleeding:
- Injury to blood vessels and organs.
- Viral diseases that affect the integrity of tissues, such as tuberculosis.
- Malignant tumors in the last stage of progression cause bleeding parenchymal organs in the decay of tumors.
- Benign tumors are subject to rupture.
In addition to these factors, for each separate organ has its own most frequent causes are:
- Lung damage observed at the turn of the ribs. Therefore, in cases of suspected fractured ribs strictly prohibited tight bandaging. In addition, bleeding occurs in the lungs of tuberculosis and cancer. The main symptoms of bleeding in this body are hemoptysis, low blood pressure, and dyspnea.
- hepatorrhagia mainly it happens when perforating wound and blunt abdominal trauma. Much less likely to occur when parasites infection. Characterized by the rapid development of peritonitis, acute pain and hemorrhagic shock.
- Spleen. Damage of the body are more prone children. Basically, the primary starts bleeding under the capsule. Only a few days overflow occurs capsule rupture, and blood gets accumulated in the cavity.
- Bleeding in the kidneys observed bumps and squeezing, as well as cysts rupture. Blood loss is accompanied by the appearance of blood in the urine and acute painful sensations.
What are the symptoms
Despite the high risk to human health, the bleeding is not always possible to detect immediately. It often happens that the blood loss for a while does not affect the general condition of the patient. Signs of parenchymal hemorrhage at an early stage of progression:
- Weakness.
- Drowsiness.
- Frequent dizziness.
- Excessive thirst.
- Blackouts.
- Sweating.
- Fainting.
The degree of severity of the hemorrhage can be identified by criteria such as pulse, blood pressure:
- With little blood loss, a slight decrease in pressure and increased heart rate. In rare cases, it develops without any symptoms, which creates a great danger to the patient, as internal bleeding does not stop on their own.
- For moderate severity hemorrhage characterized by increased heart rate to 110 beats per minute and a decrease in systolic blood pressure below 85 mm Hg. Art. In addition, people have a dryness of the mouth, weakness, lethargy, weakness, confusion, pale skin, cold clammy sweat formation.
- In case of severe blood loss systolic blood pressure drops below 80 mm Hg. v., and the pulse rate exceeds 115 beats / min. Also, the victim appears abnormal sleepiness, tremor of limbs, marbling of the skin, shortness of breath, wasting thirst, cyanosis and akrozianoz.
- Characterized massive parenchymal hemorrhage drop in blood pressure to 60 mm Hg. Art. and increased heart rate to 160 beats / min. The person starts to breathe heavily, his pale skin, in rare cases, with a grayish tinge. Facial features sharpened, the eyes sink.
- Lethal blood loss is accompanied by coma. In such a case, the pressure drops below 60 mm Hg. Art. or not is determined, the pulse is reduced to 10 beats / min, convulsions appear in the extremities, agonal breathing, mydriasis, dryness of skin. Basically, this condition is irreversible - after some time the patient begins agony after he dies.
How to stop bleeding
There are several ways to stop the bleeding of parenchymal organs:
- Using a special hemostatic sponges.
- By suturing the gland or removal of the damaged organ parts.
- Schematic coagulation.
- The use of haemostatic agents (Vikasol, Etamsylate).
First aid
If a person has symptoms that indicate parenchymal bleeding, it urgently needs to be taken to hospital. Standard methods of blood stops, which include bandaging or harness in such a case useless. Help the person may have only a surgeon, as there is no way to stop parenchymal hemorrhage at home. But while there are some guidelines that should be done when a person has developed internal bleeding. First aid is provided in the following order:
- First you need to call an ambulance and the most accurately describe the condition of the person.
- It is necessary to put the patient on a horizontal surface such as the ground, the feet at the same time should be raised.
- The intended location of bleeding you need to make ice.
Surgery
Surgery is the main way to stop the bleeding at internal bleeding. After the operation is urgent patient examination (X-ray, ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity). When the questionable test results the surgeon can start a laparoscopic diagnosis. Methods of stopping bleeding:
- Suturing the gland.
- Use of the hemostatic sponge.
- Imposing complex joints in the damaged tissue.
- Embolization of the feeding vessel.
- Removal of the affected part of the body.
- electrocoagulation vessel.
Simultaneously with surgery patient via blood makes the introduction and saline solutions. The main task of the surgeon is to prevent progression of multiple organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, in which blood clotting is disturbed.
The dangerous
When blood enters the visceral cavity impairs their function. If the compressed vessels, death of tissue begins. The blood, which is a long time in the cavity, is a breeding ground for bacteria and microbial growth.
If the victim fails to timely provide medical assistance and restore blood loss, there is a high risk of death. It depletes the body, due to which deteriorates the work of the heart and brain.
