The need for transfusion of body fluids may occur during operations, after injuries and wounds, sometimes this procedure saves the life of a person. But not every blood type fits all, for a positive result should be considered compatible donor material from the patient's body.
Check for compatibility
Blood transfusion was carried out a few centuries ago. Some experiments have brought the expected results, the other - fails. Then they could not explain it, but in the early 20th century. We learned about the differences in the composition of body fluids. It turned out that not everyone fits the blood of another person. Universal blood type is considered to be the first negative. In the absence of transfusion compatibility may end in fatality.
Differences based on the presence of different types of antigens, which are in the blood formed elements - erythrocytes. Their surface antigens can be type A, B or absent. If the body gets donor material, which contains antigens that are absent in patients, red blood cells stick together and blood clots.
Before you begin the transfusion, you must make sure that the blood will suit the patient. To conduct this test, during which the biological fluid is mixed and evaluated the presence of erythrocytes bonding process. To reduce the risk of complications to a minimum, the recipient is poured into a small amount of donor liquid with 10-15 ml, and observed for its state. When fixing the adverse reactions, such as fever, shortness of breath, tachycardia, transfusion procedure is not carried out.
Compatibility transfusion
There are four blood groups. The first contains no antigens on the surface of red blood cells, its other name - the group 0. The second (group A) contains antigen A, and the third (B) - antigen B. People with a fourth type of antigens are present 2 types (AB).
If the donor blood for transfusion contain antigens that are not in the patient's body to begin the process of developing antibodies to it.
Thus, people with the fourth kind are suitable as recipients for all groups of blood transfusion.
Their body contains antigens A and B, so do not develop antibodies to it, and therefore not a conflict occurs. As owners of the fourth group of donors suitable only for people with the same kind of biological material.
Will not be problems with the same body fluids of a donor and recipient - to carry out a transfusion at the coincidence of the group can be to all people.
The first group can be zero or decant all because it does not contain antigens in it. But donors such patients are only suitable with the same kind of biological fluid, like theirs.
Accessory for the Rh factor is another important feature. It depends on the presence of antigen on the surface of erythrocytes D. When its presence Rh positive, no - no.
Negative index occurs in approximately 15% of people, it is impossible to inject the biological fluid with a positive value, ie. K. Begin to produce antibodies.
Recipients with a positive Rh factor does not matter what kind of donor material to pour.
It follows that the only blood type, suitable to all - this is the first negative.
Compatibility at conception
For pregnancy any blood type is universal, because compatibility does not affect the probability of conception.
In women with Rh-negative problems may occur at conception and child-bearing. In case of a positive Rhesus fetal maternal body begins to produce antibodies thereto. In extreme cases, there comes a spontaneous miscarriage.
In most cases, pregnant for the first time the rhesus conflict occurs without complications, because produced antibodies to the fetus during labor. Because of this, problems can occur when re-conception. To avoid this, a woman whose Rh negative, should receive special treatment after the birth of their first child.
Thus, if the mother has Rh-positive blood, the most favorable situation for the carrying of a pregnancy.
