Rh factor - it is one of the important indicators of clinically recognized by the International community transfusion. This indicator indicates the presence or absence of lipoprotein on the outer membrane of red blood cells. He laid still in the process of formation of the fetus in utero and remain unchanged throughout life.
Why you need Rh
The negative and positive Rh factors differ in their specific properties and are incompatible with each other, so they need to know the value of a series of medical procedures:
- blood transfusion;
- bone marrow and organs;
- treatment of circulatory diseases, sepsis, radiation injuries;
- normalization of metabolic processes.
In addition, the Rh factor is the parents affect the course of pregnancy, since the difference of the values of his father and mother may have Rh-conflict at conception.
Where did negative
Accurate version of how the blood appeared negative Rh factor, there is not even the scientists, because of all registered the world's population, only 15% of people have these indicators, and the size of this group is enough stable. But as primates and the first humans descended from them, were the owners of a positive Rh, the scientific community It suggests that the reason for the lack of lipoprotein on membrane of red blood cells has become a kind of genetic mutation that occurred more 35 thousand. years ago.
Rh marginally affects the health of the patient, so we can not identify any particularly on the basis of, in addition to the increased tendency of hypotension and decrease gratuitous body temperature. Because of this, the owners of Rh (-) do not tolerate frost, but quite hardy in hot conditions.
The more dangerous a negative value
Rh-negative men and women is only important during medical procedures, which are mentioned above, and pregnancy planning. Thus, Rh (-) dangerous probability of creating a conflict between the mother's immune system and developing in her fetus, t. To. He has a direct impact on the creation of specific antibodies that destroy RBCs baby.
If a man has a negative Rh factor, and a woman - positive, the chances of developing Rhesus conflict is absent. This means that a couple can plan conception, while at the opposite situation the chance of disease 50 to 50.
How to identify
Independently determine this accessory is not possible, therefore, it needs to appeal to a specialized laboratory, where one of the two methods will be used. The first involves the use antirhesus sera, and the second - proteins group D.
In the case of sera fence material occurs from the finger, which is then added to the tube containing the sample and Rh by stirring adjusted until uniform. After 3 minutes into the vessel administered sodium chloride solution, invert it several times and conducted transcript factor values.
The second method also involves the taking of blood from a finger with further mixing with Colyclons anti-D to display the visually visible reaction. Both methods take up an equal amount of time and allow us to determine the Rh factor (Rh) as soon as possible.
transcript
Analyzes carried out so that the result was seen under the microscope in a biochemical reaction agglutination (clumping red blood cells and their loss into the precipitate, followed by clarification liquid). When clots formed under the action of the solution and settled on the bottom of the tube, then the positive test material Rh. In the absence of changes in the value of the parameter considered negative.
Rh factor simply referred to: Rh (+) and Rh (-). No tables when decoding is not required, because it does not produce any meaningful measurement.
Compatibility
This indicator is vital, because the infusion into the body unsuitable biomaterial can provoke failure of various systems and lead to death. For this reason, the analysis on definition of Rhesus produce even in emergencies when there is no data recorded in the medical file cabinet.
In addition, Rh is set at conception and sometimes blood incompatibility is the reason to abandon the direct joint.. Planning pregnancy, so a result is always disappointing: a woman waiting for miscarriage or a fetus with abnormalities of internal authorities.
transfusion
People with a negative Rhesus often lack the blood, that is. To. Their bodies completely rejects positive Rh. When connecting erythrocytes differing biochemical fluids are reacted agglutination t. e. stick together and are gradually destroyed, initially creating thrombosis. Thus, for the holders of Rh (-) is suitable only negative blood, while the owners of the positive values are compatible with any Rh factor. In the latter case, the value will have only blood group.
at conception
Rhesus factors in the woman and her partner must be the same for an adequate pregnancy. However allowed union of male and Rh-negative women with positive as Rh (+) does not possess the enhanced immune response and is compatible with Rh (-). Otherwise, there is a 20% probability that the fetus inherits the Rh father and against this there immune conflict that will result in the development of abnormalities in the circulatory system baby.
If conception does happen, this means the need for ongoing medical monitoring, tracking with the help of ultrasound and the use of immunoglobulin. However, the latter measure will lead to a state of immunosuppression, dangerous for the future of the mother. The suppression of the body's defense system, combined with a ban on the use of antibiotics can cause infection superinfection. Subsequently, it also could negatively affect pregnancy and cause miscarriage.
Rhesus conflict
This situation occurs when the unborn baby inherits the Rh positive, while the woman is a carrier of negative. The immune system is characterized by the holders of the Rh tough response to any suspicious antibodies, so the protein, fetal red blood cells which are coated, causing strong negative reaction from the protective system of the parent body.
This is due to the transplacental exchange, in which fetal blood gets into the bloodstream of pregnant and provokes an immune response. As a result, produced antigens that destroy red blood cells of the child, that is a prerequisite to the development of hemolytic disease. However, in 85% of cases there is a spontaneous miscarriage, t. K. A maternal body rejects foreign object.
Thus, before planning pregnancy should be clarified that such Rh and whether he is able to influence the development of the fetus in the present case.
