The compatibility of blood groups - that is, information which is often decisive. Knowledge of compatibility allows you to quickly find a donor for blood transfusion and to avoid severe pregnancy pathologies and development of the embryo.
What blood type is suitable
Blood is a substance composed of plasma and forming substance. There are several classification systems, among which the most common AB0 system in which the biological material is divided into 4 types: I, II, III, IV.
A plasma consists of two types of agglutinogens and agglutinins two types that are present in a specific combination of:
| agglutinin | agglutinogen | |
| I | α, β | 0 |
| II | β | BUT |
| III | α | AT |
| IV | — | AB |
In addition, the plasma may contain a specific antigen. If it is present, it is believed that a person positive Rh factor. If there is no - no.
When a person needs a transfusion, you must know what blood group compatible, and what - no. At the entrance of numerous studies and experiments, the researchers found that the universal is I, which is suitable for all the others. This blood can be transfused to each other. Characterized versatility and IV (Rh positive Rh +), in such blood can be transfused all other biological material.
A detailed description of the four groups:
- I - universal. People with a positive Rh factor have a universal donor material, ie. To. It can be used for transfusion in all cases. But recipients of this biological fluid the less fortunate - they require only one-group material. According to statistics, universal composition of the blood are 50% of the world population.
- II - the universality inferior to the first. As the donor material is suited only to the owners of the second and fourth.
- III - is suitable only to the owners of the third and fourth groups, provided matching the Rh factor. the third group of the recipient can receive the first and third biomaterial.
- IV - a rare kind of biological material. Recipients can take any blood, and donors can only be for the members of their group.
Driving compatibility in groups for transfusion of human blood:
| Give away | Accept | |
| 1 | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 1 |
| 2 | 2, 4 | 1, 2 |
| 3 | 3, 4 | 1, 3 |
| 4 | 4 | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
The issue of compatibility is taken into account in family planning. From the group and Rh factor dependent parents mother's health and the future of the child, so before you plan conception, should get tested. blood compatibility for conception is presented in the table.
Compatibility Table:
| Father | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
| Mother | 1 | + | — | — | — |
| 2 | + | + | — | — | |
| 3 | + | — | + | — | |
| 4 | + | + | + | + |
- "+" - compatible;
- "-" - a conflict.
the first group
It does not contain antigens, so it is characterized by compatibility in all cases. Versatility is characterized by the first positive. 1 during refilling positive can be combined with II, III and IV, but it takes only similar. The first negative is valued for blood transfusion compatibility for any person in an emergency. But it is used in a small amount (500 ml).
Transfusion routinely be applied unicast biological material, the Rh-factors of the recipient and the donor must be identical.
Options compatibility group 1 for conception:
| Father | Mother | Child | not compatibility |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | absent |
| 1 | 2 | 1 or 2 | |
| 1 | 3 | 1 or 3 | |
| 1 | 4 | 2 or 3 |
There is a pattern in succession. When both parents have the first group, the child inherits it with 100% probability. If the parents 1 and 2 or 1 and 3, the probability of the birth of babies with 1 and 2 or 1 and 3 groups of 50/50%.
the second group
The presence of antigen A It allows to combine it with 2 and 4, which include the antigen. In terms of compatibility conflicts with positive 2 1 and 2. The reason is the presence of antibodies to antigen A in the latter.
If a person has a second positive, the transfusion suits him just the same blood group 2. When Rh negative donor should be sought with Rh-negative biomaterial. In case of emergency, blood type can be combined with 2 1 Rh-.
The second group - the compatibility when planning a pregnancy:
| Father | Mother | Child | not compatibility |
| 2 | 1 | 1 or 2 | 75% |
| 2 | 2 | 1 or 2 | absent |
| 2 | 3 | 1, 2, 3 or 4 | 70% |
| 2 | 4 | 2, 3 or 4 | absent |
third group
It is not characterized by a combination of 1 and 2 (available antibodies to antigen B), t. K. 3 group contains antigen B. The man with the third negative is transferred only identical biomaterial. In extreme cases, a first negative compatibility subject to regular monitoring.
positive blood group 3 is rare, it is difficult to find a donor for transfusion. Biomaterial suitable for transfusion to a third person positive - 3 Rh + and Rh-, as well as 1 Rh + and Rh-.
The compatibility of blood groups for conception:
| Father | Mother | Child | not compatibility |
| 3 | 1 | 1 or 3 | 75% |
| 3 | 2 | 1, 2, 3 or 4 | 70% |
| 3 | 3 | 1 or 3 | absent |
| 3 | 4 | 2, 3 or 4 | absent |
fourth group
It is composed of antigens A and B, for this reason, in respect of a group of 4 donation is only suitable for people with the same group.
People with the fourth group are considered universal recipients, t. To. They can transfuse any blood. And Rh does not always matter:
- 4 positive - full compatibility with the other (1, 2, 3), regardless of Rh.
We need to know what is coming to the biomaterial 4 negative. Anyone, but only with a negative Rhesus factor.
4 blood - compatibility with other groups during pregnancy:
| Father | Mother | Child | not compatibility |
| 4 | 1 | 2 or 3 | 100% |
| 4 | 2 | 2, 3 or 4 | 50% |
| 4 | 3 | 2, 3 or 4 | 50% |
| 4 | 4 | 2, 3 or 4 | absent |
What blood type are incompatible
blood transfusion compatibility allows you to avoid situations when the body does not take no suitable donor blood. Dangerous complication of such a situation is considered transfusion shock, so you need to know what blood types are not compatible. Moreover, when refilling is set Rh (Rh).
Rh factor - a protein that is found in the membrane of blood cells and exhibits antigenic properties. The transfer of this protein occurs in families. In his presence, and to draw conclusions about Rhesus:
- positive (Rh +) - is present on erythrocytes protein;
- negative (Rh-) - no protein on erythrocytes.
The transfusion of donor material should be carried out only with the rhesus. It is impossible to Rh-positive cells biomaterial interacted with Rh-negative cells. Otherwise, it starts the process of destruction of red blood cells.
Incompatibility:
- I Rh + - all having Rh-;
- II Rh- - with I and III;
- II Rh + - with all but the II and IV Rh +;
- III Rh- - I and II;
- III Rh + - with all but III and IV Rh +;
- IV Rh + - c I, II, III and IV Rh-.
Blood types that are incompatible for the conception of the child, the same as in the case of transfusion.
Rhesus conflict
Many people wonder how the parents biomaterial can affect the conception of the child and how the conception affects the Rh factor. It was found that parents of different groups with the same Rh factor fit together to conceive a healthy baby. If parents biomaterial matches against a background of different monkeys, there may be difficulties in conception.
The problem is that in case of incompatibility of potential conflict for the Rh factor - glued positive and negative red blood cells, it is accompanied by a series of complications and pathologies.
If a positive Rh factor pregnant stronger, the risk of conflict is minimal. Normal pregnancy will proceed in women with Rh-, provided that the partner is Rh same. If partner Rh +, then it is likely that the child will inherit it. In such a situation it may be Rh-conflict mother and child. Rh unborn child is determined by the mother and father figures.
Influence of Rh factors:
| Rh | |||
| Mother | Father | Child | Rhesus conflict |
| + | + | «-» — 25% «+» — 75% |
absent |
| — | + | «-» — 50% «+» — 50% |
risk 50% |
| + | — | «-» — 50% «+» — 50% |
absent |
| — | — | «-« | absent |
In practice, Rh conflict occurs not more than 0.8% of cases. But this issue is given special attention, t. To. It carries a risk. Rh-positive fetus for plasma from pregnant Rh-negative plasma constitutes a threat, however in women started antibody production processes. Hemolysis occurs - a process by which antibodies begin to interact with the fetal red blood cells and have a devastating impact on them.
During the exchange process of the bloodstream of the fetus is enriched with nutrients and oxygen. At the same time in the bloodstream fall pregnant fetal waste products. A partial exchange of red blood cells, causing the cells of the positive child enters the mother's blood, and some of her cells - in the fetal bloodstream. Similarly, the fall in body embryo antibody.
It is noticed that the Rh conflict during the first pregnancy occurs less frequently than in the second. When the mother's cells first interact with the cells of the embryo, there is a development of larger IgM antibodies. They rarely and in small amounts enter the bloodstream of the fetus, therefore, not able to do much harm.
When the second pregnancy produced IgG antibody. They are small in size and therefore easily penetrates into the bloodstream of unborn babies. As a result, the body continues its hemolysis and accumulated toxic substance bilirubin. The fruit bodies of fluid accumulates, wherein the disrupted all systems in the body. After birth, this process continues for some time, that aggravates the condition of the newborn. In such cases diagnosed hemolytic disease of the newborn.
In severe cases of Rh-conflict negatively affects conception - a pregnant miscarriage happens. For this reason, pregnant women with Rh- need careful control of the state, carrying out all the tests and studies.
Knowledge of blood compatibility to prevent a number of complications, sometimes incompatible with life. And this applies not only to the transfusion procedure. Figuring interoperability should be one of the important stages of conception planning. This will help eliminate heavy during pregnancy, miscarriages, malformations and abnormalities in the child.
