Low levels of platelets in the blood. Causes and effects in children, adults, adolescents, pregnant women. Treatment

Low platelet count indicates the emergence of various internal diseases associated with blood clotting. To determine the exact causes of disease development is possible by means of special studies, appointed by the attending physician.

What are platelets?

Platelets - small blood cells involved in blood clotting processes. Produced by such substances in red bone marrow. In most cases, the red corpuscles are in a passive state. In the event of any failures and disturbances material rush into the affected area to prevent further blood loss.

Platelets serve a protective function, preventing any damage to the vessel walls. The tendency of the body to develop bleeding or blood clots indicates a change in the quantitative content of the red substance.

Norms indices in adults and children. What platelet levels in the blood is considered low?

platelet level is measured in units per liter or microliter of blood.

The rate for adult, children (by gender):

Age	Norm (× 103 l)
The adult	150-400
Newborns	100-420
Children up to 2 weeks (girls)	144-449
Children up to 2 weeks (boys)	218-419
Children from 6 to 12 months	180-400
Children from 1 year to 5 years	180-380
Children from 5 to 7 years (girls)	189-394
Children from 5 to 7 years (boys)	202-450
Children from 7 to 12 years	160-380
Children from 13 to 15 years	160-360

Reduced levels of red blood cells is considered to be dangerous in terms of which do not exceed 50 × 10³ cells / ml. Bleeding at the same time is dangerous to human health and requires immediate medical attention.

What causes a decrease in platelet count?

The life span of blood cells is, on average, 10 days. Then comes the cell renewal. Low levels of blood cells in the blood occurs for several main reasons. Inhibition of bone marrow function leads to reduced production of blood cells. This is a major factor in production of blood platelets.

Additional factors:

• viral disease - Hepatitis various forms and degrees of severity, cirrhosis;
  
• uncontrolled intake of drugs - cytostatics, funds based on gold, chloramphenicol;
• alcohol abuse;
• fungal infections and lesions;
• cancer in the late stages.

Determine the exact cause and nature of thrombocytopenia origin is possible only after consultation with a hematologist, and surveys.

Causes and consequences of thrombocytopenia

Low levels of platelets in the blood indicates the development of the pathological process as thrombocytopenia.

adults

Disease in adulthood may develop due to the abuse of certain drugs, particularly affecting the state of the blood.

The cause of the disease may be a variety of internal diseases:

• liver - hepatitis, cirrhosis;
• malfunction of the thyroid gland - hypo-and hyperthyroidism;
• alcohol abuse;
• megaloblastic anemia;

  

• bone marrow diseases.

The event of failure to the doctor and treatment may be difficult to form a large amount of blood loss, which in turn may lead to additional disorders and diseases. Thus there is a reduction in the immune system, the body no longer cope with various factors provoking disease.

pregnant

In most cases, the first signs of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy occur on the 3rd trimester. This is due to increased stress on the entire body.

Low blood platelets, the causes of which can be set only after special studies may be formed in pregnant at such disease like lupus. The mother's immune system thus misinterprets the cells forming the body as foreign.

Additional reasons:

• Late preeclampsia;
• Low folate levels;
• complications after preeklmapsii;
• infectious lesions;
• allergic reactions;
• low quality of food intake.

Among the external factors affecting the blood platelet count is incorrect use of medicinal products that contribute to thinning the blood.

State is considered dangerous and can lead to complications during childbirth. Open the bleeding can provoke the child bleeding in the brain. Pathology requires constant monitoring by a specialist, and conduct timely therapy.

children

Disease in childhood is divided into primary and secondary form. The 1st case pathology caused by autoimmune disorders in which the body of the child occurs enhanced production of antibodies to platelets.

Causes of secondary shapes are internal diseases and conditions:

• blood diseases;
• allergic reactions;
• Poisoning by toxic substances;
• infectious lesion;
• endocrine disorders;
• renal insufficiency.

disease development can cause an increase of the spleen. A similar phenomenon occurs during the development of cirrhosis or hepatitis. Condition requires surgical treatment because of the high risk of complications and consequences in the form of hemorrhages.

adolescents

In adolescence provocateurs low content of blood cells in the blood are the various diseases of internal organs, blood diseases or toxic poisoning. Late therapy in adolescents can lead to the discovery of bleeding, significant blood loss and cerebral hemorrhage.

The degree of severity of thrombocytopenia

Low levels of platelets in the blood, the causes of which are largely dependent on genetic predisposition, the form and severity of flow are divided into several types.

Degrees:

• easy. No symptoms. In this case, the platelet level indicators are on the top turn. It does not require treatment and the use of drugs. A systematic observation of the doctor.
• Central. The patient suffers from frequent hemorrhages under the skin, nosebleeds. Treatment is required in the event of hemorrhage in the internal organs.
• Weight. Krovoizliyatelnye processes affect all the internal organs. Require mandatory treatment and medical examination.

At any rate requires constant supervision by a hematologist and systematic preventive examinations.

symptoms

Determine the presence of the disease is possible for the respective symptoms. The main and the main symptom of the disease is hindered stop bleeding trauma or medical procedures.

symptomatology:

• tendency to bleeding gums;
• bruising;
• skin rash in the form of small dots;
• blood in the stool;
• heavy menstruation;
• frequent nosebleeds.

At the first sign of reduced blood platelets should immediately contact a specialist to determine the cause and destination effective therapy.

Diagnostics

Determine the nature of the origin of the disease is possible with the help of special laboratory and instrumental methods of research. First appointed by common blood test that will determine the number of platelets contained in the blood.

In addition are assigned:

• Tests to determine the antibody;
• X-ray study;
• Ultrasound diagnostics - to determine the condition of internal organs and detect the presence of bleeding;
• testing for certain genetic markers - is carried out in the case of suspected hereditary predisposition;
• electrocardiogram (ECG);
• endoscopic examination.

Also conducted mandatory testing, which allows you to determine the time of blood clotting.

Methods of treatment

Methods of therapy are selected individually, based on the causes of the deviation, as well as the extent and form of the disease. In severe cases, a transfusion of platelets.

medicines

The basic method of treatment is the systematic use of drugs, belonging to the group of corticosteroids (hydrocortisone). The combined treatment composition also includes injectable immunoglobulin solutions.

In childhood shown etamzilat and sodium pantothenate. Injected drugs intravenously for 10 days.

Adults as adjuvant therapy can be administered Rh D-serum.

nutritional care

Low levels of platelets in the blood, the causes of which were established during the research can be improved by adhering to certain rules of supply.

To restore normal levels of blood cells in the blood necessary to adhere to the following rules:

• Eating wholesome food. The diet should be varied with a high content of nutrients. Vitamins, macro- and microelements. In the menu you want to include more fresh fruits and vegetables, and minimize your intake of sugar, fatty foods and meat.
• Ingestion of foods containing vitamin K, B9 (folic acid), omega-3 fatty acids - fish, seaweed, walnuts.
• Exclusion of products that contain gluten in their composition.
• Alcoholic beverages should be completely eliminated. There is a direct relationship between alcohol intake and level of produced platelets.
• Drinking regime. The day is recommended to consume at least 2-3 liters of fluid, excluding from the diet sodas, coffee, strong tea.

Before dieting should consult a hematologist and a nutritionist to help develop the optimal ration based on individual characteristics of the patient and the degree of percolation of gravity disease.

Folk remedies

Traditional methods of treatment make it possible to quickly restore the level of red blood cells in the blood.

There are several effective ways:

• Treatment with dry nettle. Is used as a tincture. To prepare 10 grams is necessary to take means and fill it with 1 cup boiling water. Then the mixture is allowed to infuse for 20 minutes. under the hood or in a thermos. Use before meals 3 times a day. Infusion divided into 3 equal parts. You can instead use the infusion broth. In some cases, the use of fresh nettle stalks in combination with milk. For this it is necessary to press juice from the stem in a volume of 50 ml and mixed with 50 ml of natural milk. Use it 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Then make a break for 7 days and again repeat the course. The mixture should be prepared daily.
• Treatment of Aronia. It improves the quality and blood viscosity. Every day is recommended to eat no more than 50 berries. Apply this method is not more than 3 weeks.
• Lemon and honey. The composition applied to strengthen and improve vascular blood cells. For this purpose, the components were mixed in equal amounts and consumed before a meal. For a stronger effect, you can add a few drops of linseed or sesame oil.
• Oil of sesame. To improve and enhance the quality of blood is recommended to use daily before meals for 1 tablespoon sesame oil. You must eat for 25-30 days.
• Oak bark. To prepare the broth must be filled into any suitable container 1 tablespoon Raw steamed 1 cup boiling water. The means used for mouthwashes. Suitable for eliminating bleeding gums.
• Pomegranate juice. Is a powerful and effective in helping to restore the level of platelets in the blood. Can be used in its pure form, can be diluted with water in a ratio of 2 to 1. If you have problems with the gastrointestinal tract pure juice is not accepted.

Before using any of the national funds should consult with your doctor and make sure that there are no allergies to the components.

The specificity of the treatment of newborn

Treatment of thrombocytopenia in neonates requires specific measures. Therapy aims at eliminating the underlying disease, entailed the development of pathology. Feeding during the treatment is carried out using donor milk.

After 1 month cautiously introduced the mother's milk, while monitoring the dynamics and the level of platelets in the blood of the mother. The composition comprises an immunoglobulin complex treatment and corticosteroid injection rate of 2 mL prednisolone per kg body weight. It is used for 14 days.

In addition at low levels of blood cells in blood in the infant assigned Rutoside (glycoside flavonoid quercetin) and ascorbic acid. In severe cases and the development of the disease due to genetic changes transfusions of platelets.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of the low platelets in the blood

What should you do if you have low platelet count: