Elevated FSH in the follicular phase. Causes and treatment in 30-40-45 years old, what to do

Hormones not only reflects the functional state of the endocrine system, but also allows the physician to obtain data that can not be seen at the initial examination. Laboratory diagnosis provides reliable information with regard to age and even the period of human life.

For example, a woman's body is exposed to significant changes of physiological processes in the course of the menstrual cycle, especially in the follicular phase. The Rise and Fall of FSH in both men and women to diagnose diseases of the reproductive system, when anatomical defects bodies have not been identified.

The role of FSH in the body

follicle-stimulating hormone produced by cells of the anterior pituitary. Despite the fact that it is this gland of the endocrine system is considered to be the king, its secretion is completely controlled by the hypothalamus, or rather its statin and releasing hormones. In this case, ejection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone is FSH synthesis and development of its effects.

Point of application of follicle-stimulating hormone in the female body are ovarian follicles. Follicles are a cluster of epithelial cells surrounded by connective tissue fibers.

At the center of this conglomerate is oocyte first order - a cell that is transformed as a result of maturation of the egg. This process and the synthesis of female sex hormones, as well as the conversion of androgens to estrogens is possible thanks to a healthy level of FSH.

In the male body target for follicle stimulating hormone - Sertoli cells. They are located in the testis, where they play role of a barrier, protecting and mechanically support gametes that during the synthesis and release tested by convoluted tubules.

FSH is the norm in women over the age of

Increasing the concentration of FSH is not only depending on the phase of the follicular cycle, but also for life.

Female germ cells, oocytes are placed in the embryonic period, that is, a newborn girl they already have, but their use begins with the menarche - first menstruation.

Before puberty, the FSH content in blood is from 1.5 to 4 mIU / ml in the reproductive stage hormone concentration rises and can reach a rate of 25 mIU / ml. FSH in the menopause differently.

With age, the ovary function gradually fades away, the body tries to compensate for this increase in FSH synthesis process. It is important to know that the number of follicles in the ovaries decreases with each menstruation, which means that the point applications for hormone is not present, it is simply not on that work, can only circulate from blood. Thus, early menopause, FSH may reach 150 mIU / ml.

Female body adapts to loss of reproductive function, therefore in a few years hormone level is reduced to about half. If not, you should be tested for levels of estrogen and prolactin.

Reasons for increase

The main reason is the ovarian pathology, as the hormone acts is its structural unit - follicles.

Elevated FSH in the follicular phase of the cycle is often as a result of rupture of the cyst, the so-called "burst" ovary inflammation - oophoritis or surgical removal of the organ. Dysfunction can occur because of the early onset of menopause, and at a young age indicates infantilism and underdevelopment of the gonads.

The most common and easily diagnosed cause is irrational hormonal drugs and enhancing the synthesis of testosterone in the female body, it is difficult to avoid at constant stress.

It is not always the reason lies in the reproductive organs may fail on the regulation level - in the pituitary gland. Even benign tumors - adenomas may be hormonally active, causing an uncontrolled synthesis.

Promoted FSH in follicular phase and in cancer irrespective of ovarian function: the body does not have time to spend material. In such cases, often the main symptom of deterioration can be: formed tumor compresses the optic chiasm.

Patients complaining of loss of visual fields and turn to ophthalmologists, and not to gynecologists and, especially, endocrinologists: reproductive function at this time to disturb the least.

Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking are usually left unattended and are not perceived as the cause of women's health problems.

symptomatology

Under physiological conditions, FSH increase seen during menopause and entails all the unpleasant symptoms that women associate with menopause, such as hot flashes, mood lability and subjective heat sensation.

Elevated FSH in the follicular phase may be at the time of puberty. Vivid manifestations of the disease are often ignored even by specialists, so that neither the parents nor the girl herself did not know it.

• In teenage girls an imbalance of sex hormones appears lag in physical development and the late arrival of the first menstruation. Parents do not attach any importance to this and justify the situation overweight, exercise, poor diet or heavy load at school. Meanwhile periods may begin in 18 years, and the etiology of the symptom and not be detected. However, in some cases, the problem may appear, on the contrary, early puberty and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.
• Abundant, painful menstruation, spontaneous bleeding between periods, pain at the waist, or suprapubic area may also be symptoms of hormone levels rise, albeit worn and not the characteristic.
• Common complaints: frequent headaches and dizziness, decreased libido, and signs of dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus.
• Most adverse manifestation of the disease - the lack of ovulation, the inability to conceive and miscarriage - the spontaneous termination of her in the early stages.
• One of the few symptoms identified during the inspection - male pattern hair growth: excessive growth on the face, the body, the changing nature of the growth of pubic hair.

These symptoms are not always relevant, and in certain phases of the cycle.

FSH changes depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is a continuous process of maturation and release of female gametes - oocytes directed to the possibility of conception.

Menstrual Phase 1 to day 6

At the beginning of menstruation blood FSH concentration minimum and is 3,5-12,5 mmol / l, because it has reached the point of application and was consumed, its further formation in the next phase will begin.

Follicular phase, from 3 to 14 days

hormone level has almost no difference from the previous phase, until the end, he gradually begins to grow, and thus begins the impact of new follicles.

Promoted FSH in follicular phase of the pathology, whereas possible later release of several cells.

This phase corresponds proliferation (restoration) of the endometrial mucosa: reproductive system smoothly prepares for possible ovum implantation in the case of fertilization. In parallel, under the influence of FSH increases estrogen synthesis.

Ovulatory phase is from 3 to 15 days

In this phase, the maximum content of FSH: 4,8-24,5 mmol / l, thereby completing the process of maturing follicles. It is in the middle of ovarian cycle. In parallel, dramatically increases the amount of luteinizing hormone. Under such favorable conditions occur rupture of the follicle with release of the oocyte.

Luteal phase of 15 days before the beginning of menstruation

After the rupture of the follicle at the site of oocyte appears yellow body synthesizes progesterone. This hormone of feedback blocks the formation of FSH in the anterior pituitary. Concentration variable: 1,5-9 mmol / l. If pregnancy has not occurred, the corpus luteum is destroyed, turning into the rumen, and therefore, the effect of progesterone on the hormones lost.

FSH in Pregnancy

If the pregnancy, the corpus luteum is not destroyed, and synthesizes estrogen in its entiretyIn particular estradiol, which promotes the formation of prolactin in the anterior pituitary.

This hormone helps prepare women for childbirth and subsequent feeding. Thus organism understands that the maturation of follicles in the ovaries at this stage is not required, menstruation terminated and the FSH level falls rapidly to the minimum concentration: 0.05 mmol / L, which is norm.

At the planning stage of pregnancy and the high and low levels of FSH do not give a favorable prognosis, so you need to identify the etiologic agent gynecologist or reproductologist.

FSH menopause

In the period preceding climacteric, FSH levels gradually increases and reaches a peak in the early menopause, since it is synthesized in relatively the same amount, and the follicle becomes smaller. Female gametes are laid in the womb and are not updated during the life.

In today's world, women reach menopause much earlier than their grandmothers. Previously women had a greater number of pregnancies, and the intervals between them took lactation, as a result, a 45 year to the ovaries was a sufficient number of cells to the action of FSH on them.

Now the appearance of the offspring is deposited on the age after 30 years, the natural breastfeeding is replaced by an artificial, in result, the woman is experiencing an increasing number of menstrual cycles, follicles end up faster, respectively, menopause It comes earlier.

At the beginning of this period, the level of FSH sometimes reaches 135 mmol / l, it is accompanied by an increase fat, skin type and dryness of mucous membranes, palpitations, increase temperature.

Period	Norm mIU / l
The period prior to menopause	1,7-21,5
Climacteric	25,8-135

Diagnostics

Check FSH level can be a laboratory diagnostic methods. Test material is blood.

When should I donate blood to FSH?

Analysis of blood FSH assigned physician with symptoms its increase or decrease, especially with a cycle disorders. For miscarriage, infertility and hirsutism this hormone is considered to be an indicator, so it is determined on a regular basis to assess the dynamics.

When planning a pregnancy, as well as in old age in the analysis of FSH is dealt simultaneously with the luteinising hormone and estrogen. Their increase may be indicative of tumor malignancy.

Preparation for analysis

Within a couple of days before delivery of the analysis, women should avoid intense exercise, as they contribute to improving the level of male sex hormones - androgens. The analysis shall empty stomach, so it is best to schedule a visit to the lab in the morning, then stand the refusal to eat at least 12 hours will not be difficult.

Toxic substances: alcohol, drugs, gums formed during smoking, considerably distort the results and complicate their interpretation.

It is necessary to inform the doctor about all the gynecologist to take the drug, especially hormonal, eg, oral contraceptives.

blood sampling

Blood sampling was performed procedural nurse using a conventional syringe or a vacuum tube of the saphenous veins in the antecubital fossa.

The procedure is completely safe since they use sterile disposable needles and the volume of the blood taken is small. Before any analysis is recommended to move, for example, to walk down the hall, especially when under stress when blood pressure falls a white robe in man: in such circumstances to "find" a vein will more difficult.

Decoding result

Decoding results of the analysis can only physician, as the data obtained in the laboratory are not diagnosed, but only suggest it. In addition, the concept of the norm, depending on the analysis of the place of delivery may vary.

Raising FSH indicates underdevelopment sexual glands in both women and men, the formation of cysts. A decrease indicates a malfunction of the pituitary gland, amenorrhea, weight gain.

Treatment

To begin treatment it is necessary to establish the exact cause of the violation of the FSH level, the therapy to be etiologic, that is worked on the cause, not mask the symptoms of serious illness. The drug is prescribed obstetrician-gynecologist or endocrinologist.

How to lower FSH?

By reducing the levels of FSH follow two basic schemes of treatment. At the first treatment regimen using drugs affecting the function of the ovaries: Phenytoin, Danazol. According to the principle of feedback reduces the pituitary production of FSH. After discontinuation of ovarian function is controlled by regular analysis of the delivery.

According to the second scheme, ovarian work is supported at an appropriate level, and the FSH concentration decreases apart. The drugs of choice are Ovariamin, Vazalamin. The treatment lasts from several months to a year.

How to increase the FSH?

Raising FSH possible with the correction mode of the day and the diet. A full night's sleep, a varied diet, physical exercise, of course, will give significant results.

When this is not enough, appointed by hormone replacement therapy, but then the body's ability to synthesize necessary substances is lost due to uselessness.

Return hormone levels to normal and restore ovulatory process helps Djufaston, Pregnil, menogon. The use of pharmacological agents is recommended to start exactly as prescribed specialist after careful anamnesis, laboratory diagnosis and account for all side effects.

An important diagnostic criterion - increasing FSH indicates the unseen problems in the body at any age. The period of the follicular phase is particularly important for women of reproductive age: indicates the ability of conception, carrying a child. It is important to take into account the role and the male body.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

Video of the hormone FSH

What is a follicle stimulating hormone: