Luteal phase. What is it, what day menstruatsionnogo cycle, progesterone rate of women, how to calculate the

Menstrual cycle - a complex system in which each phase is repeated like a watch. Very often it depends on the duration of the luteal phase. The fact that it is and how to calculate it, where the boundaries of normal and pathological conditions, and in what cases need expert help will be discussed in this article.

Features of the luteal phase

Luteal phase - the time of the rupture of the follicle with the egg before the start of menstruation.

Signal to the beginning is lutein production - the hormone that ensures the preservation of a woman's body substances necessary for pregnancy. When the egg matures, the follicle bursts and starts ovulation.

At this time, it actively forms the corpus luteum - a temporary hormone content providing muscles with nutrients for maintaining the possibility of pregnancy. If conception has not occurred, in due time menstruation occurs.

Luteal phase precedes the follicular phase and ovulation. After the end of menstrual bleeding in a woman's body is a synthesis of hormones and begins to actively mature and emerge from the egg follicle. At this time, it begins to actively produce estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone that prepares ovulation.

When the follicle matures, it ruptures, stimulating the production of lutein. This hormone and respond strips Ovulation Test.

The egg remains viable for 1-2 days and dies. Immediately after its release from the follicle begins to produce lutein - hence the name phase, which It promotes the accumulation of fat in the muscles and providing good breeding ground for pregnancy.

If the egg is fertilized and became pregnant, the corpus luteum provides nourishing the embryo substances and promotes the formation of cells, and when there is the placenta, the yellow body is gradually regresses. At this point, menstruation does not occur and there is a development of hCG - a hormone which reacts pregnancy test.

Luteal phase performs the following functions in a woman's body:

• prevent miscarriages and premature delivery when the ensuing pregnancy;
• prepares the uterus for embryo attachment;
• reduces the contractions of the uterus;
• It prevents the formation of the next egg;
• maintains a pregnancy before the formation of the placenta;
• regulates body temperature.

The duration of the luteal phase

If no deviations duration of the luteal phase - from 12 days to 2 weeks.

Similarly, it can be calculated in 2 ways:

• ovulation accurately determined;
• according to the calendar of menstruation, including online.

Determined period of release of the egg from the follicle in the following ways:

• using the test (it determines the production of lutein);
• for selection: during ovulation, they become more liquid, stretching, transparency and texture reminiscent of pure egg white without impurities;
• of basal temperature - during ovulation it rises;
• Cervical position - if ovulation occurs, it rises higher than normal. Sometimes, at this time a woman experiences an orgasm more often during intimacy and experiencing increased demand for sexual relations.

ovulation phase lasts not more than 2 days, after which comes the luteal phase. The discharge becomes thicker, there may be itching and dryness during intercourse. Can increase the body temperature and fluid to accumulate in the tissues and fat.

In this period of time is more difficult to lose weight than usual. The approximate time of the beginning of the luteal phase is determined by menstruatsionnomu calendar, which is calculated and the online tables.

The approximate time of the beginning of the luteal phase of the cycle menstruatsionnomu:

• 26 days - from 12 to 26;
• 28 days - from 14 to 28;
• 30 days - from 16 to 30.

The exact day of ovulation is determined by the end of the individual. If there is no deviation, luteal phase lasts from 12 to 16 days. The elongation of this period indicates disturbances in the body, hormonal failures or possible pregnancy. If the luteal phase lasts more than 16 days, this deviation from the norm.

The minimum duration of this time interval - 2 days.

Calculation of the luteal phase

Gynecologists offer 4 ways in which the start of the luteal phase is calculated:

• daily measurement of temperature in the intestine (only suitable mercury thermometer);
• with the help of the calendar;
• by ultrasound and computer tomography;
• for laboratory analysis.

In the first case, doctors recommend daily in the morning for 10 minutes to measure the temperature in the intestine. Before ovulation, it lasts from 36 to 36.6, not rising. Once the follicle bursts, it jumps dramatically to 37 and above without cause and held after the release of the egg for 2-3 days, then declines. Luteal phase begins on day 3, improving the basal temperature.

This method is not suitable for women with chronic inflammatory diseases, in the period of exacerbation. Basal temperature rises and latent infections, poisonings. Therefore, this method does not fit all. Determine the start of the luteal phase can be by means of a calendar. If the loop 28, the luteal phase begins on day 15-16, 30 - 16 or 17 days.

To determine its origin and possible duration of menstruation:

• 3 days - ovulation is early (10-11 days, luteal phase begins on day 13-14;
• 4 days - ovulation occurs on day 11-12, luteal phase - on the 15th day;
• 5 days - Release time egg - 12-13 days, the beginning of the luteal phase - 15-16 day;
• 6-8 days or more - ovulation - 14 day luteal phase - 16-17 days.

Another method of calculation of the calendar - the average for menstruatsionnomu cycle. If he is not a regular, select the shortest cycle and ovulation is calculated first, and then it adds another 2-3 days.

Easier system - menstruatsionnye online calendars and electronic system for calculating the cycle. They determine the most probable conception days, and after that comes the luteal phase. This calculation is used based on the number of cycles.

Luteal phase - the period of the menstrual cycle, the beginning of which can be traced by ultrasound and computer diagnostics. Studies show time to within the follicle maturation, oocyte yield, the degree of maturation of the corpus luteum and the start of the luteal phase.

It is determined by the phase of the menstrual cycle and the degree of follicle maturation. Normally, its size - 12 mm if it matures and 18 - close to ovulation. If conception took place, its size reaches 30 mm, and if more, this means that the cyst was formed in the follicle.

Laboratory luteal phase is determined by analysis of progesterone. Before oocyte maturation its performance - 0.9 - 4 nmol / L, ovulation during hormone number increases to 9 nmol / L. The highest concentration of progesterone reached one week after ovulation.

If pinpoint the day, the hormone concentration is from 16 to 85 nmol / L. In the ensuing pregnancy, its amount is gradually increased up to 100 times, and then decreases before delivery.

Traditional methods allow us to determine the luteal phase of the following ways:

• the general state of health: throughout the period of the luteal phase of the body temperature is gradually increased;
• for selection: as soon as there is a period of progesterone activity, they become more viscous, thick or disappear altogether;
• if there is dryness of mucous membranes, lack of sexual desire.

Norms of progesterone and other indicators in the luteal phase

Peak production of lutein accounted for 7 day of ovulation. At this time taken for the maintenance of progesterone analysis and indicators are defined. Normal production of progesterone depending on the day after ovulation - from 1.7 to 27 nmol / L. readings below this level indicate a lack of progesterone in the body, above - its overabundance.

After 7 days the amount of progesterone is gradually reduced, and before menstruation did not remain at all. High progesterone before menstruation indicators point to abnormalities or possible pregnancy.

If the body lack of progesterone, the following symptoms may occur:

• dizziness and headaches;
• weight gain;
• hair loss;
• lack of ovulation;
• inability to bear fruit, a high likelihood of rejection of the fertilized egg;
• temper, hysteria, tendency to mood swings;
• menstrual irregularities;
• chronic fatigue.

If the progesterone produced in the body is not enough, assigned a diet with a high protein content. During the diet it is recommended to avoid stressful situations and plenty of rest.

Increased progesterone level is expressed in:

• swelling;
• the appearance of acne;
• skin becomes greasy, deteriorates its state;
• appear bloody spotting;
• headache;
• propensity to tears, depression;
• inability to throw off excess weight;
• violation of concentration and memory;
• increased anxiety;
• pain and swelling of the breast;
• frustration of a chair.

Luteal phase (the maximum generation time of progesterone) progesterone may produce more if:

• I became pregnant (to rule out or confirm its re-analysis is dealt in a week);
• has a corpus luteum cyst or ovarian cancer;
• with malignancy;
• renal failure;
• renal failure;
• amenorrhea.

With increasing progesterone shall additional tests to detect renal pathologies adrenals are assigned to survey before menstruation repeatedly dealt Progesterone analysis. If the oscillations are small, fat-free diet and assigned treatment with mifepristone.

Estradiol during the luteal phase

Estradiol - female hormone estrogens from the group that prepares the womb for a possible pregnancy. The peak of its activity occurred in the first half of the menstrual cycle. It affects the voice, the formation of fatty deposits on the female type, contributes to female sexuality and its attractiveness to the opposite sex.

Most estradiol produced before ovulation (from 130 to 490 bp / ml). Then, the amount thereof decreases sharply. Norma during the luteal phase - from 76 to 226 bp / ml. In pregnancy, its amount is constantly increasing and reaches a peak before birth.

If enough of estradiol in the body, then:

• the chest is reduced;
• the uterus becomes smaller;
• there is peeling of the skin and mucous membranes;
• menstruation does not occur within 6 months;
• a woman can not bear a child.

When excessive production of estradiol in the luteal phase:

• there is obesity;
• stomach and bowel disease;
• acne;
• insomnia;
• hair loss and thinning hair;
• swelling;
• convulsions;
• menstrual irregularities.

Abnormal occur if there was no ovulation in pathologies the kidneys, liver, endometriosis and irregularities in the thyroid gland. Elevated levels of estradiol - one of the signs of pregnancy.

Basal temperature in the luteal phase

Luteal phase - the time fever, including basement. One day before the release of an egg from the ovary, it decreases and then increases abruptly and remains high throughout the luteal phase. Norma - 37 degrees and above 5-7 degrees.

Then, 48 hours before menstruation it decreases and falls before bleeding.

If pregnancy occurred, basal temperature remains high for 15 weeks, then decreases before delivery. Small fluctuations basal temperature occur when changing the climate, stress, after sexual intercourse.

If the basal temperature increases before menstruation, this indicates:

• ectopic pregnancy;
• gastrointestinal disorders;
• cystitis;
• inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.

The decline during pregnancy, said the threat of miscarriage or missed abortion.

Reasons for failure of the luteal phase

The main causes of hormonal imbalance during the luteal phase:

• stressful situations and chronic fatigue;
• abortion;
• improper diet;
• metabolic disease;
• infection;
• hormonal disorders;
• insufficient maturation of ovarian cancer;
• congenital malformations of the sexual organs.

Signs and symptoms

Manifestations of insufficiency of the luteal phase, and deviations from the norm:

• menstruation does not occur in time;
• dragging pain in the abdomen;
• pink and brown allocation;
• irregularity of the menstrual cycle;

• irritability, mood swings;
• luteal phase of less than 10 days and more than 16;
• the inability to get pregnant for a long period of time.

Diagnostics

To determine the causes of deviations, the following diagnostic methods:

• examination of the cervix;
• ultrasound;
• pregnancy testing and ovulation;
• examination by an endocrinologist, gynecologist, psychiatrist, gastroenterologist, urologist;
• biopsy;
• measurement of basal body temperature;
• Study secretions;
• renting general blood analysis;
• blood research on infectious diseases.

therapies

The main methods of treatment:

• detection and treatment of the underlying disease;
• hormone therapy;
• surgery, if the cause of deviations - a tumor or a violation of the anatomical structure of the genital organs;
• spa treatment if the cause is under stress or exhausting work.

Duphaston treatment

Duphaston - medication based on natural progesterone synthesis. Assigned to the shortage of this hormone in the female body, endomentioze, Abuse menstruatsionnogo cycle. The main purpose of the drug - the restoration of hormonal cycle and irregular menstruatsionnogo.

The drug is indicated for:

• infertility and luteal insufficiency;
• absence of menstruation;
• painful premenstrual syndrome;
• pain during menstruation;
• uterine bleeding;
• the inability to maintain a pregnancy due to lack of progesterone.

The drug can cause allergic reactions, itching and hives. He was not appointed at progesteronozavisimoy tumor. Duphaston is taken from 5 to 28 day menstrual cycle, the dosage and course of treatment is chosen individually.

Treatment of medical drugs

The main treatment is directed at balancing hormones, supplementation of a lack of progesterone and estrogen levels decline.

hormone therapy is indicated for luteal insufficiency using:

• utrogestan;
• duphaston;
• Follitropin - drugs affecting ovulation and the hormone;
• vitamins and minerals, sedation.

The dosage and treatment regimen calculated individually as complex hormonal drugs. Course duration - from 1 to 12 of the menstrual cycle and more, depending on the cause. Hormonal drugs is strictly forbidden to substitute peers or take no scheme. Many of them are only in certain phases menstruatsionnogo cycle.

Physiotherapy and vitamins

Vitamins and sanatorium treatment prescribed as adjuvant therapy during treatment. To hormonal treatments have worked, it is important to stabilize the emotional background, refuse to physical exertion. Vitamins are assigned together with diet.

Doctors advise to use special multivitamin complexes for women, such as Vitrum Vitrum Beauty and others. In addition to the normalization of hormonal cycle, they contribute to improve the overall tone of the body, hair, skin and nails.

Pregnancy and luteal phase

Pregnancy during the luteal phase is impossible, since the egg at this point have already died. If conception happens, the corpus luteum function continues to 3 months, before the fetus will connect with the uterus through the placenta.

Luteal phase - this is the right time to define the conception up to the onset of menstruation.

If the basal temperature for 7 days prior to menstruation is not reduced and remains high, the probability of pregnancy or hormonal failure. Lutein task upon occurrence of pregnancy - fetal life support establishment and nutrient suitable for embryo preservation hormonal levels.

When progesterone is high?

Reasons for increasing progesterone:

• ovarian tumors, cysts, tumors (or promptly eliminated by using hormone replacement therapy);
• pregnancy;
• disease of the adrenal glands;
• intestinal infections;
• poisoning;
• lack of vitamins A, E and C;
• sharp fluctuations in ambient temperature;
• stress;
• a sharp increase in physical activity;
• sudden weight loss;
• multiple pregnancy;
• blood flow due to uterine bleeding;
• kidney disease.

Normalization of progesterone:

• elimination of the causes and treatment of the underlying disease;
• recreation;
• vitamins;
• mifepristone;
• tamoxifen;
• valproic acid;
• rejection of fatty foods, pork, butter, nuts and sunflower seeds;
• reduction of exercise.

Possible complications and consequences

Hormonal drugs that alter the levels of progesterone are purchased only by prescription. Self-consumption is dangerous for health and can lead to bleeding, hormonal disruptions with severe consequences, including death. Therefore, only the folk remedies can be used alone, diet and provide your body rest, if necessary.

conclusion

Luteal phase - one of the most important for the female body. It affects the regular cycle and fertility. This is the time of preparation of the uterus for conception, and if it happened, lutein hormones contribute to the development and maintenance of a new life.

Interesting video about the features of the menstrual cycle luteal phase

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