Salmonellosis. Symptoms, signs in adults, treatment is transferred, the incubation period, analyzes, than to treat disease, diet, complications

Salmonellosis is a dangerous disease, the development of which is due to settling in the body of parasites, salmonella. Pathogen absorbs the nutrients, disrupts the body, which are populated, and highlights in the process of life, a large number of toxins. The disease is easily determined by the symptoms as an adult and a child.

Characteristics of the disease salmonellosis

Salmonellosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella. Diseases subject to people and animals. Immunity adult human (and animal) is sufficiently protected from the development of salmonellosis, but sometimes there situations where it is vulnerable to pathogen (severe depletion, entering a large number of pathogens in organism).

The bacterium, once in the mouth is exposed to saliva. Further, it can be destroyed by the gastric juice in the stomach. If you are the surviving pathogens, they are already destroying the immune system. If a person has the disease of the digestive tract or a weak immune system, then the Salmonella reaches the desired habitat.

There the bacteria introduced into the body wall and begins to break down, while its larvae enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. They can settle down not only in the digestive tract, but also in the lungs, and brain.

Salmonella has high survivability. It can survive outside the body of the carrier up to 1.5 years. Boiling kills bacteria after 1-2 min. Subzero temperature, only prolongs the life of the bacteria. Disinfectants can destroy the pathogen directly.

Get into the human body can Salmonella from a sick person, an animal, infected food. Also, the bacterium may be contained in the raw water and dust. The first symptoms of the disease may occur after 5 hours or 3 days (depending on how and where infection has occurred populated exciter).

The danger of the disease lies not only in the devastating effects of salmonella on the organs. Pathogens isolated strong toxins which exert detrimental effects on the body. Even after the death of the bacteria, it continues to give off toxic substances.

After salmonellosis in humans produces a defensive reaction to salmonella, which lasts up to 12 months. the disease peaks in the summer. The heat is not always the products are stored properly. Quickens the raw water intake. The bacterium remains active, due to the favorable situation for her.

Causes of salmonellosis

Salmonellosis starts to develop when ingested bacteria (at least 1 Mill.). If the immune system is weakened and is not opposed to salmonella, it survives and begins to multiply. How do you get salmonellosis.

Source	How do you get infected	notes
From an infected person	When shaking hands, hugging, kissing.	When infectious people preparing not washed his hands, then the bacteria can get into the food.
From an infected animal	When stroking and games. Through toys pets.	The bacteria can spread cockroaches and flies on their feet.
Food	Not-baked or cooked products. Poorly washed vegetables, raw eggs.	The causative agent can get into products during cutting on the dirty board, or animal fur.
raw water	The bacterium can live in the raw water up to 6 months after being deposited.	Not boiled water will not allow thoroughly wash vegetables, fruits and hands. The water in the river and in the pool may also contain the pathogen. And enters the body when swallowed.
Utensils	When using the personal care of the patient. Through household items (dishes, a pen, a book). With poor disinfection of objects used in hospitals and clinics.	May be transferred together with the purchase items in the store, if before that they were in the hands of the sick with salmonella.
by air	They settle to the patient's hand or sneezing, on the furniture and then moved together with the dust.	Infection by air is rare, as is the dust particles do not contain the right amount of bacteria to infect.
Failure to comply with hygiene	The lack of hand washing after using the toilet and before eating.	It is necessary to wash your hands is not only good, but also the dishes.

For greater security, you should try to avoid the total supply of seats and buy ready-made cakes in questionable places. Salmonella does not affect the taste of the product, and its appearance. Therefore, to identify spoiled food or not, to the naked eye, it is impossible. And also I do not know who prepared the meal, and under what conditions.

The first signs

Salmonellosis (symptoms in adults, which arise in the first place, it is a signal to urgently call the emergency care) requires rapid initiation of therapy. The visit to the clinic is undesirable because it is likely to infect other patients.

What are the symptoms of salmonellosis in the beginning of the disease:

1. The sharp jump in temperature to 39 degrees. Knock it hard.
2. The stomach cramps appear cramping in nature and rumbling. When pressed, a strong pain.
3. Followed by nausea vomitus yield.
4. Loose stools with a characteristic green tint, foam and mucus. It has a rather pungent odor. Urging the toilet occur even after receiving the fluid.
5. Diarrhea and vomiting leading to dehydration.
6. Pulse becomes frequent, and keep to the rhythm. decompression occurs. With a sharp decrease in possible loss of consciousness.
7. There is a complete lack of power. It is accompanied by severe headaches and aches all over the body.
8. Frequent urge to drink and the appearance in the language of a gray-white coating.
9. Skin becomes pale and dry.

These symptoms occur because of the strong intoxication. Basically they appear within 24 hours after infection (not later than 72 hours). On this basis, we can roughly determine when and where the infection occurred.

Symptoms of salmonellosis in adults

Salmonella can parasitize in various organs, depending on the symptoms of the changes. Also, the severity of the symptoms depend on the condition of the patient, and immunity of the quantity of bacteria settled in the body. In connection with this distinguished 5 types of salmonella. On them will be described later.

Gastrointestinal salmonellosis

Salmonellosis (symptoms in an adult when flowing form gastrointestinal disease usually pronounced) over 98% of cases is localized in digestive tract.

This type of disease can develop in 3 forms:

1. Easy. The disease lasts no longer than 5 days. In the first 3 days of nausea is present, there may be occasional vomit. Loose stools not more than 5 times per day. The temperature rarely rises above 37.2 degrees.
2. Average. Intoxication pronounced. Temperature is 39 degrees, after declining rapidly rises. It is accompanied by fever, with copious sweat. Nausea and vomiting occur constantly. Constant cramps and rumbling near the navel. Loose stools at least 12 times a day. This provokes dehydration. In the mouth there is dryness. Dry and tear ducts, too heavy to blink. Additionally quickens the heartbeat and pressure reduction occurs. Symptoms begin to subside on the fifth day.
3. Heavy. The first 2 days the symptoms are similar to the average severity of the disease. It is further noted change in liver and spleen size, upwards. The temperature reaches 40 degrees. Language is covered with a dry white bloom. This is due to dehydration and severe poisoning. Disrupted kidney. High temperatures can cause the beginning of seizures and loss of consciousness. The stool has streaks of blood and bile.

In the 2nd and 3rd gravity salmonellosis gastrointestinal species most dangerous (critical) 2 are considered first and 3rd days of illness. These days it is necessary to prevent dehydration and in time bring down the temperature. With the deterioration of general condition, loss of consciousness or the pressure is too low, urgent need to call an ambulance.

generalized salmonellosis

In generalized form of the disease, salmonella can affect different organs, not just the digestive tract. Disease begins as a strong poisoning. The first 2-3 days of frequent vomiting and diarrhea occurs (this step may be omitted or take place in weak form).

Further, these symptoms subside, and a period of fever. Temperature is 40 degrees during the day can fall sharply and then climb to a high point or is permanent. Because of this small capillaries in the skin surface burst, and red is formed, small rash.

There is an increase of the liver, pressure reduction and slow pulse. Shallow breathing properly. The patient can see hallucinations and delusions. There is a severe depletion and weakness.

The feverish patient may be up to 21 days. The disease is difficult to treat, many antibiotics do not work. Often, the disease becomes pneumonia or bronchitis.

tifopodobnaya form

Salmonellosis of this kind occurs extremely difficult and can be fatal. The first 3-th day the patient is vomiting and diarrhea, the temperature rises to 38 degrees. On the fourth day symptoms varies.

Diarrhea and vomiting are terminated, the temperature is increased to 40 degrees and can hold up to 30-45 days. By the end of the first week on the abdomen there is a red rash caused by high fever and an enlarged spleen and liver. It keeps for 2-3 days. The skin, due to the poor performance of the liver becomes yellow.

The disease is difficult to treat. Long fever bring the body to exhaustion. Stomach through the illness is in an enlarged state due to a change in the size of the internal organs. Sick for a long time is delirious. After recovery is produced lifelong immunity.

septic salmonellosis

Salmonellosis, symptoms in adults, during the flow of the disease in the septic form, it is important to know everyone, there will be a chance for a cure, it is often fatal.

This kind are subject to the elderly and people with AIDS.

Start a typical, bright symptoms of salmonellosis (vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain). On the 3rd day signs damped remains elevated temperature up to 40 degrees. It is during the day can vary up to 5 times in the range of 37 to 41 degrees. Fever period can last up to 6 months.

In the body, developing purulent processes. When treating untimely death is due to the festering of the whole organism. If the patient recovers, the complications remain for life. The efficiency of the affected organs are not fully recovered. Difficult to treat.

Bakterionositelny views

Salmonellosis bakteronositelnogo type occurs when the infection occurred a small amount of bacteria and strong immunity. The body fights disease and thus no symptoms.

But a person is a carrier of salmonella, which can be released in the faeces up to 3 months (depending on the state of the immunity period of illness can be reduced to 2 weeks).

Diagnostics

In the diagnosis of salmonellosis is necessary to identify what stage the disease occurs and what species belongs. To do this, the first manifestations of the disease it is necessary to call an ambulance. The survey produces infectious diseases in stationary conditions. If the disease does not occur in a severe form, the appointed home treatment after diagnosis.

Procedures for the diagnosis of salmonellosis:

1. Visual inspection specialist and gathering information from the patient's words. Mandatory inspection of the skin, the condition of the stomach, temperature measurement.
2. Fecal and vomit. a type of bacteria detected on them. Only after their definitions can be treated with antibiotics.
3. Fecal coprogram. This will reveal the presence of inflammation in the rectum.

   

4. Blood analysis. With the help of antibodies in a patient identified to Salmonella.
5. Performed testing of antibiotics, to identify which inhibit the growth of Salmonella or destroy it. Study conducted with feces and vomit.
6. Be sure to check suspect foods in the house that could cause infection.

To exclude contamination of family members, they also pass blood and coprogram. If contamination is detected an object, the diagnosis may take less time. identification of the causative agent can take up to 10-14 days. At this time, the patient is carried out and knock rehydration temperature. When a serious condition appointed potent antibiotics and droppers with saline.

Treatment of salmonellosis agents

Salmonellosis (symptoms in adults, as well as conducting diagnostics, allow the doctor to appoint therapy drugs) are not always treated with antibiotics. Depending on the condition of the patient and the type of disease to be appointed therapy (disease in a mild form lends itself to treatment at home):

1. When the first symptoms is gastric lavage. At the same time he is cleared of possibly contaminated food, toxins and bacteria. For the procedure required 2% soda solution at least 3 liters, at room temperature. In mild form of salmonellosis, this procedure is enough.

2. When salmonellosis occurs in severe form, but the chair is absent, the necessary enema.

3. If diarrhea occurs more than 5 days, the appointed securing the drugs (at the beginning of the disease it is impossible, in the feces toxins and bacteria):

• Enterofuril;
• calcium gluconate;
• indomethacin.

4. Preparations for cleansing the body of toxins and residues of Salmonella. They also normalize the stool and reduce the number of retching.

Appointed agents:

• smectite;
• polisorb;
• Enterodesum.

5. If you often vomit and stools necessary to fill the water-salt balance.

For this purpose:

• rehydron;
• Oral;
• saline (1000 ml of water required 25 grams of sugar, the same amount of salt and 15 g of soda). The temperature should not be higher than 20 degrees.

If the patient can not accept the solutions due to heavy state or constant retching, then with a dropper drugs are administered:

• Trisol;
• Chlosol;
• gemodez.

The procedure is performed in a hospital.

6. In severe forms of the disease requires the use of antibiotics. But salmonella is not susceptible to many kinds of medicines.

Antibiotics help fight bacteria:

• ampicillin;
• chloramphenicol;
• Salmonella bacteriophage.

1. Means for reducing temperature and relieving pain symptoms:

• paracetamol;
• analgin;
• No-Spa.

8. Means for normalization of the digestive system. They normalize the chair, remove residual pain in the abdomen. Consumption of food will be completely absorbed without overloading the digestive tract.

preparations:

• festal;
• mezim;
• panzinorm.

9. It is advisable to comply with bed rest and not make any sudden movements.

10. Appointed by the gentle power. Diet is observed until full recovery.

The joint treatment with medication can be used decoctions and infusions of herbs. They strengthen the body and shorten the recovery period. Their use is negotiated with an infectious diseases specialist.

Drink

If a strong dewatering replenishing water reserves in the body is necessary. Otherwise, the blood becomes thick, and there is a delay of toxins in the body. For resupply popular drugs (listed above).

For the complete assimilation of drugs is recommended to drink 1 time no more than 2-3 sips. The procedure is done at intervals of 5-7 minutes. For the first 5 hours, be drunk up to 1.5 liters means. Subsequent clock enough to drink 180-200 ml within one hour.

Diet

During treatment and after recovery, you must comply with the special diet. In the early days of the meal should be liquid and a locking effect. Food should not greatly overload the digestive system and be easily digestible, but fairly high-calorie. It is not recommended to use the products causing the increase in gas production in the intestine.

Portions are allowed small size, they can eat every 3 hours. Be sure to drink plenty of clean water and fruit drinks. So the body will be cleansed of toxins and make up completely all fluid lost during the illness.

Authorized products

Salmonellosis (symptoms in adult determine its condition, in which infectious diseases can assign restriction in food intake) faster treatable with proper nutrition. In the first place prescribe the food.

The meat is necessary for normal functioning. But it is quite heavy food. The illness allowed lean and lean fish boiled embodiment and scrolled form (of meatballs, patties, steamed).

For the reduction of iron should be consumed boiled, pureed liver (beef or chicken). It can be used together with cereals (rice, buckwheat, barley), boiled on the water with a small amount of salt. The finished dish at the beginning of the disease should be cleaned through a screen, for easier assimilation.

Low-fat milk products, as yogurt and kefir. It will speed up the settlement process of the body's bacteria necessary for normal functioning of the digestive tract.

Fruit can be eaten boiled, and also vegetables. For a quick assimilation of their need to grind in a blender or rub through a grater. The berries are cooked jelly and compotes.

From pastry bread made from wheat allowed in the dried state or in the form of crumbs. You can lightly salt the them (quite a bit). And also permitted drying.

Watermelon salmonellosis needed during illness. He quickly cleanses the body of toxins and makes up for the loss of nutrients.

In the mild form of the disease diet is necessary during treatment with severe observed 15-30 days after recovery. Return to the previous diet gradually. Without overloading the digestive tract,

What you can not eat?

Products that are prohibited for use, especially during the acute illness.

This list is required to check with the doctor, as due to the fact, which was localized salmonella, this list can be recharged:

1. Foods that cause fermentation in the gut (cabbage, rye bread, milk).
2. Food, promotes the release of excess of bile and gastric juice (smoked, marinated and spicy food).
3. Harmful foods (fast foods, convenience foods, chips).
4. Fatty meats and broths.
5. Sweets and fizzy drinks.
6. Barley, millet and barley groats.

Subject to a fractional power, and a list of prohibited and permitted foods, the digestive tract to recover faster. While improving the state of change in the menu, you need to learn from an infectious disease specialist or therapist.

Possible complications, prognosis

If the disease was detected in time and is mild, it is possible to recover without complications and sequelae. If the disease was severe, the result depends on the observance of all the measures in the treatment.

For late to see a doctor after salmonellosis, complications may occur:

• violation of the heart, kidney and liver;
• possible violation of the blood supply and the functioning of the brain;
• in the presence of suppurations possibly incomplete recovery efficiency body, where the process;
• disruption of the nervous system;
• fatal outcome.

Salmonellosis may occur again if it was not fully complied with treatment. In this case, the symptoms can be so subtle as, due to the strong weakening of the immune system. In adults, the disease can occur in a hidden form, which may be dangerous to others.

Author: Svetlana Kotlyachkova

Video of salmonellosis

Elena Malysheva tell about salmonellosis: