Intestinal infection. Symptoms and treatment of adults with folk remedies, antibiotics. Species characteristics: What can I eat for days: the table. prevention

The number of people who become ill with acute intestinal infections in 2018, increased by 2 times. intestinal infection takes the 3rd place on the prevalence (after SARS and chickenpox). Many people are familiar with the symptoms of intestinal diseases, and adult patients have the experience of self-treatment of such conditions.

What is an intestinal infection?

Intestinal infection, symptoms and treatment of adults who can determine an expert, well-studied theoretical medicine. This kind of diseases relates to OHI (acute infectious disease).

Diseases of this group are the fecal-oral penetration mechanism in the organism. A separate category of pathogens that cause intestinal infections, penetrate into the body by airborne droplets (enteroviruses, rotaviruses).

The human body is equipped with a reliable level of protection. When provocateur overcomes these barriers, developing an acute condition.

In the body of the barrier are 4:

• saliva. It does not allow pathogens replicate in the level of oral, esophageal and food, which has reached the stomach.
• substances produced in the stomach (hydrochloric acid and pepsin). Gastric juice is harmful to microbes.
• Secretory immunoglobulin duodenum. They bind antigens coming from outside and toxins.
• The microflora of the large intestine.

Intestinal infection provokes:

• viruses (enteroviruses, rotaviruses);
• bacteria;
• bacterial toxins.

These microorganisms are very tenacious. Getting from the source to the environment they live a long time under any conditions. Favorable condition for the existence for them is a warm atmosphere and a place with high humidity. They are not afraid of even extremely low temperatures.

Pathogenic flora, provoking intestinal infections, actively propagates in:

• derived from milk;
• minced meat;
• water;
• kiseleobraznyh drinks.

Causes of

Intestinal infections occur for the following reasons:

• violation of rules of storage products;
• properly treated surfaces and utensils;
• neglect of personal hygiene;
• swimming in the waters, banned Sanitary Control;
• use of contaminated fruits, vegetables and water;
• food establishments, non-compliant equipment disinfection treatment.

Features of a current of intestinal infections in adults

Intestinal infection (symptoms and treatment are similar in adults with children) is transferred more easily as adults.

The special features of the disease in adults include the following facts:

• unsanitary conditions and failure to wash hands - the main cause of diseases;
• infection viral nature of adults suffer due to easier formed in childhood immunity;
• often occurs asymptomatic course of the disease when the patient is not even aware of his presence of any disorder (in which case it is a danger to the surrounding healthy people);
• symptoms are not so much as a child: nausea is not as intense diarrhea occurs less frequently (not more than 2-3 times a day).

Common symptoms

Each disease, provoked by infection, has its own characteristics. But there are symptoms, the same for all diseases related to intestinal infections group. They can be combined or individually appear.

Symptoms of intoxication	grade fevers	Disorders of the digestive tract
weakness; lethargy; nausea; vomiting; aching joints.	fever; state chills.	liquid stool (diarrhea); abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting.

viral infections

Intestinal infection (symptoms and treatment in adults vary and are directly dependent on the pathogen) of viral origin is triggered by the following microorganisms:

• rotavirus. They are divided into groups A, B, C, D, E. People affects only the first group of virus. Rotavirus breed in the upper small intestine.
• Reovirus. These pathogens are structurally similar to rotaviruses. The virus affects humans and animals.
• Adenoviruses. Transmitted infection through household items, or by airborne droplets. It tolerates low temperatures.
• Enteroviruses. The most dangerous - Coxsackie virus (group A). It is the most stable version of a virus. Can survive in the most adverse conditions. Infection is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, at least - airborne.

  

Distinctive features of viral diarrhea:

• leave behind a temporary immunity, so episodes of viral intestinal infections can be repeated an indefinite number of times;
• 3 have propagation path: contact-home, water and food;
• often infected children;
• transmitted infection from a sick person or by its carrier;
• Viruses resistant to adverse conditions;
• growing frustration in the range from 15 hours to 9 days.

Symptoms of viral diarrhea are similar:

• in some cases, frequent vomiting (last day) and loose stool (happens to 15 times a day, lasts up to 3 days);
• raising the temperature to a level not higher than 38 degrees (up to 3 days);
• pain or blurred light abdominal discomfort;
• weakness;
• lack of appetite;
• may faint;
• reddening of the upper airway;
• cough.

bacterial infections

Cause of bacterial infections is the nature of the vital activity of bacteria and toxins produced by them.

Such infections include:

• cholera;
• typhoid fever;
• Staphylococcal food toxemia;
• infections provoked by the bacterium Bacillus Cereus;
• infections, which cause - strains of Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfringes;
• botulism;
• yersiniosis;
• salmonellosis;
• campylobacteriosis;
• dysentery;
• pseudomembranous colitis.

Infections of this group are developing:

• after ingestion of food, which has bacterial toxins;
• in case of separation of toxins by bacteria living in the body;
• because the populations of pathogenic microorganisms of the intestinal mucosa.

symptoms:

• diarrhea watery nature;
• a slight increase in temperature;
• abdominal pain;
• vomiting.

protozoal infections

Protozoonozy causing protozoa:

• ciliates;
• rhizomes;
• sporozoans;
• flagellates.

They provoke the development of the following diseases:

• intestinal amebiasis;
• balantidiasis;
• dysentery;
• cryptosporidiosis.

Features of the infectious group:

• have 3 kinds of pathways: contact-home, water and food;
• kind of transmission mechanism - fecal-oral;
• organisms that cause intestinal disorders protozoan character, have good resilience.
• diseases can have a latent form (asymptomatic).

symptoms:

• diarrhea;
• there may be subfebrile temperature;
• weakness;
• pain in the abdomen.

First aid in case of intestinal infection

the following steps should be performed in the event of the above symptoms:

1. Place the patient in a horizontal position under a warm blanket (in the presence of a fever). You must place it in a separate room and equipped with personal hygiene items and cooking utensils. It is important to isolate the sick person from people who have a weakened immune system, as well as children and the elderly.
2. Provide a basin or bucket in case of vomiting and uncontrollable diarrhea. All waste must be treated bleach and then wash away into sewer.
3. Rinse the stomach of the patient: to drink at least 1 liter of water and induce vomiting.
4. It is necessary to give the person plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. It is best for this purpose suitable weak tea drink with added sugar. "Rehydron" solution is also suitable. It will help make up for lost fluid and salts.
5. Give enterosorbent to help the body excrete germs and their metabolic products - toxins.
6. Admission analgesic will relieve pain in the stomach. But be sure to tell the doctor that she was.
7. Immediately call an ambulance with sudden darkening of the eyes, reduced vision and strabismus development.

Diagnostics

The manifestation of an intestinal infection is easily confused with other conditions that have similar symptoms:

• Poisoning caused by drugs;
• heart attack;
• appendicitis in an acute form;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• pneumonia.

Help needed to see a doctor, infectious diseases. In the situation of the protozoan nature of the infection should visit parasitologist.

Experts appointed following methods:

• stool analysis and vomiting for the presence of bacteria;
• serology for the detection of antibodies against pathogenic microorganisms.

tactics of treatment

Treatment of intestinal disorders caused by infection, has the following features:

• only adult hospitalized with severe disease or disorder of moderate severity, and if necessary isolating it from households;
• the patient must stay in bed, and after the relief of fever and symptoms until normalized stool - polupostelny;
• since intestinal infections affect the gastrointestinal tract, it is of great importance to diet;
• doctors agree that the best way of infection amenable to pharmacological (conservative) treatment.

Preparations for rehydration

Funds generated through the liquid lost due to illness, have the following features:

• introduced into the organism intravenously (drip) or orally (p.o.);
• are proportional to the ratio of water, salts and other substances;
• may take the form of a solution, tablets, granules or powder;
• main components of the substance - chlorine, sodium, potassium;
• a further composition may include glucose, cereal teas, herbs (extracts);
• As a rule, all means for rehydration before taking must be dissolved in water;
• preparations for oral use can be bought over the counter without a prescription.

The most effective and widespread means considered 3-rehydratant:

1. Rehydron. It has the form of a powder.

Composition characteristic for representatives of this group and the drug is a mixture of:

• sodium chloride;
• sodium citrate;
• potassium chloride;
• glucose.

1 sachet of powder was dissolved in water. Flavor in solution - sweet and salty.

The drug effectively performs the following tasks:

• restores the acid-alkaline balance, impaired loss of metabolic waste products;
• support acid balance at the expense of glucose.

2. Gatsrolit. Present in powder form. 1 sachet dissolved in hot water (counting on 200 ml) and the drink when the solution cools.

Composition means a mixture of:

• sodium chloride;
• potassium chloride;
• sodium bicarbonate;
• glucose.

Gatsrolit helps:

• relieve pain;
• eliminate the inflammation;
• fill the water-electrolyte loss;
• prevent leaching of important substances;
• decontaminate the body.

3. Trigidrosol. Sold in powder form. 1 sachet is to be dissolved in 1 liter of potable water. Drink first 10 hours at a dosage that depends on the weight lost. This figure will be doubled, and it turns the volume of the solution required the patient. The preparation other than sodium chloride, sodium citrate and potassium chloride, dextrose included.

Effect of the drug is aimed at:

• restore water and electrolyte balance;
• normalizes acidity indices.

antibiotics

Symptoms of intestinal infection in the adult amenable to correction with the help of antibiotics.

This group of agents has the following features:

• Doctors prescribe them when there is no improvement after 2-3 days;
• have an impact only on the nature of the bacterial infection;
• use them only after studies confirming the presence of the pathogen;
• in varying degrees of adversely affecting the operation of some organs (liver, kidney, brain) system and hemopoiesis;
• They have a number of contraindications;
• It is considered the most effective broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Among the variety of antibiotics that help fight intestinal infection can be identified:

1. chloramphenicol:

• The main active ingredient in the composition of the drug - chloramphenicol;
• is a broad-spectrum antibiotic;
• for combating intestinal infections in adults;
• It has a devastating effect on the cells of pathogenic bacteria;
• take 1 tablet per 30 minutes. before a meal (or at 1 hour after) 3 - 4 times per day.

2. doxycycline:

• the main ingredient - doxycycline;
• It refers to the broad-spectrum antibiotics;
• cells destroys harmful bacteria;
• in the first day of taking 200 mg, then 100 - 200 mg.

3. ciprofloxacin:

• Ciprofloxacin - the main active component of the formulation;
• Antibiotics are a means of broad-spectrum;
• effectively fights the growth and reproduction of bacteria, causing instant death of the pathogen;
• medicine must be taken on an empty stomach. The dosage and number of methods depends on the variety and severity of intestinal infection.

antiprotozoal agents

The features of this group of drugs:

• only help with intestinal infections due to malicious activities of the simplest;
• aimed at the destruction of a certain type of parasites and removing them from the body.

There are 3 most popular product:

1. Gelmintoks:

• It is in the form of tablets or suspensions;
• the main active ingredient - pyrantel;
• It is an anthelmintic agent;
• paralyzes helminths, and outputs them from the body;
• effective against both sexes;
• The drug is taken at any time of the day;
• Dosage depends on the weight of the human body.

2. Nemozol:

• active substance - albendazole;
• is an anthelmintic drug;
• has a devastating effect on the parasite cell, disrupts the egg laying and larval development;
• It copes well with intestinal nematodes, Giardia and larval cestodes;
• tablet to chew after eating. The dosage is determined individually (not more than 800 mg per day).

3. dekaris:

• the main ingredient in the composition - levamisole hydrochloride;
• It operates as antihelminthic agent;
• effectively combats ascariasis and hookworm;
• causes paralysis simplest and outputs them from the body during the day;
• enhances the protective function of cells;
• adults take medication 1 times in a dosage of 150 mg.

sorbents

Sorbents have the following features:

• adsorbents have the property of absorbing harmful substances (toxins, toxins) all its volume;
• chelators clean the intestines and the entire gastrointestinal tract;
• resins bind dangerous compounds;
• Chemical absorbers react chemically aggressive structures;
• absorbents act as a magnet for the harmful substances, but only their surface is involved in the process.

can be taken in case of intestinal infections:

1. Activated carbon:

• It consists of activated carbon (basic substance) and potato starch;
• is an adsorbent and detoxifying agent;
• binds and removes from the body all harmful substances, including allergens, heavy metals and drugs;
• It can be administered in tablet form or in solution (dilute chopped tablet in water). Drink for 1 or 2 hours before or after meals. The adult daily dose is no more than 8 tablets 3 - 4 times per day.

2. enterosgel:

• main component - polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate;
• It is in the form of paste;
• product structure has the form of sponge which absorbs toxic substances and has detoxification properties;
• It displays the body of various types of toxic agents;
• restores intestinal flora, without causing adverse effect on its function;
• taken after meals or before meals (for 1 h or after). The dose for adults - 15 g per triplicated volume of water 3 times a day.

3. Smecta:

• It works due to the main substances - dioctahedral smectite;
• is antidiarrhoeal adsorbent;
• normalizes the mucosal barrier;
• dose for adults - 6 sachets per day.

other drugs

In addition to these groups of drugs, there are also other drugs for combating intestinal infections:

• probiotics and prebiotics to restore impaired bowel microflora (Hilak, Enterol, Maksilak);
• enzyme preparations to eliminate unpleasant symptoms: increased gas, heavy stomach (Creon Mezim, pancreatin).

Diet

Intestinal infection (symptoms and treatment of adults vary, depending on its type) requires mandatory dieting for more effective treatment.

At the initial stage of the disease the patient's diet should include:

• cereals;
• weak broths;
• omelette;
• Soup mucosal form;
• boiled fish (except oil-rich);
• cracker;
• stale bread and crackers;
• baked apples.

Can not be used:

• spicy foods;
• milk products;
• alcohol;
• onion;
• garlic;
• canned and smoked products.

Folk remedies

Good additional tool for the treatment of intestinal infections are popular recipes:

• with a light during illness helps broth oak bark. 10 g of bark pour 250 ml of water and boil for 20 minutes. Cool and take a drink before eating 5 times a day.
• A decoction of the herb St. John's wort. 3 hours. l. minced raw sugar and 250 ml of boiling water. The resulting solution was heated via a water bath. Pour water to recover the initial volume. Drink three times a day for 2 days.
• 20 g of a thermos Potentilla brew volume to 1 L (60 min). Drink half a cup 3 times or more a day. Instead of cinquefoil can brew blackberry leaves, lungwort, or tansy.
• Cope with the pain, and diarrhea will help the infusion of cudweed marsh. 2 hours. l. grass to fill one cup of boiling water and let stand for about 2 hours. Drink before meals on 150 ml.
• A decoction of the roots of calamus. Shredded roots (30 g) simmer about 10 minutes. Strain and take 6 times a day for half a cup.

Intestinal infection in pregnant women

Infection of any kind, trapped in the body of a pregnant woman, is dangerous to the fetus.

Features of a current of intestinal disorders in women in the position of:

• because of intestinal infection produced toxins stream which is able to provoke a miscarriage;
• decrease in blood volume at higher levels of oxytocin, which leads to uterine contractions;
• dehydration is dangerous because blood thickening inhibits the transportation of oxygen and nutrients in the body. Therefore, fetal hypoxia, which disturbs the process of its development.

In connection with the above risk, the treatment of women has its own peculiarities:

• banned the use of antibiotics;
• treatment is carried out with the assistance of rehydration and absorbents;
• you can not go hungry;
• when the first symptoms of intestinal infection should seek medical help.

You can not do the treatment?

During treatment prohibited:

• take binding nature of the drugs (Immodium);
• do an enema;
• warm belly warmer;
• take medications without a doctor's prescription.

complications

The negative consequences of infection of the gastrointestinal tract:

• dehydration (providing 4 degree);
• lightning dehydration, which results in dehydration shock with a probability of death;
• toxic shock;
• acute renal failure;
• pneumonia.

Intestinal infections are a separate group of diseases. They have similar symptoms and treatment regimen of adults and children. Timely treatment for medical help greatly improves the chances of recovery of the patient was uneventful.

Author: Victoria Komarova

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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