Pancreas. Symptoms, diet, treatment of children, adults, medications. What if the pain and increased echogenicity

Pancreas - digestive and endocrine organ in the abdominal cavity, is involved in the processes of digestion. Gland located below the stomach and allocates special enzymes needed to break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

The enzymes begin to be generated immediately after a meal, and the duration of this process depends on the quantity and quality of food. The average production of enzymes is performed within 6 hours. If the pancreas is for some reason loses its function, the patient feels the first symptoms of the disease - is necessary not only to adhere to the chosen treatment, but also a special diet.

Pancreas is also involved in the development of hormones that regulate the rate of bile, gastric juice, hydrochloric acid, involved in protein metabolism and the development of insulin. Any irregularities in the pancreas activities entail negative consequences that can not always be timely addressed.

Possible pancreatic disease

Most often, pancreatic diseases occur due to incorrect lifestyle or after an illness.

The most frequently encountered the following diseases of the pancreas:

• pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas. In this disease, impaired outflow of enzymes that break down food in the duodenum. They remain in the prostate than cause inflammation. The disease can be acute or chronic.
• Cyst cancer. In the pancreas formed cavity in which accumulate enzymes gland. Disintegration occurs tissues and fibrotic substitution on. As a result, the body begins to break down.
• Diabetes. Lack of insulin production by the pancreas and metabolic provokes an increase in blood glucose levels. The disease has three degrees of severity, as well as the release of insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent type.
• Stone formation. Narrowing of the ducts, and other precipitating factors contribute to the formation of stones in the pancreas. pancreas secret stagnant for a long time and as a result of thickening. Further, the calcination takes place and necrotic changes in the organs.
• Cancer. In pancreatic cancer tissues formed. The cause is a genetic fault, in which body cells lose all functions except one - division. As a result, the tumor is growing in size and soon struck and adjacent organs.

Symptoms of acute inflammation

The first symptom, you should pay attention to is the pain in the left upper quadrant, sometimes without a clear localization. The pain may intensify or weaken depending on the torso. Its first symptoms appear after a couple of hours after ingestion.

The predecessors of the inflammatory process may be headaches and lack of appetite. At the same pain, mostly in the right upper quadrant, suggests inflammation of the pancreatic head. Left upper quadrant indicates inflammation of the gland of the tail.

Pain in the epigastric indicate fevered body of the pancreas.

Anterior abdominal wall is tense, people feel the approaching nausea. If there is a gag reflex, then after that comes a certain improvement of the state of health. There is weakness, pallor, and fever. After removal of inflammation may persist symptoms such as digestive disorder and diarrhea.

Symptomatology of chronic pancreatitis

pancreatic disease may be asymptomatic, but later needed treatment and dieting.

Some signs may indicate the presence of chronic pancreatitis:

• Loss of appetite. The person eat less and less, and even your favorite food does not cause the desire to eat.
• Diarrhea. Periodically can be traced violation of the chair.
• The sharp decrease in body weight. This is especially true of people with excess weight.
• Pain in the hypochondrium. It occurs most often during exercise.
• It is not absorbed by fatty foods. Man or ceases to use fatty foods, because it is disgusting, or that food is no longer absorbed.

To the chronic course of the disease leads an unhealthy lifestyle, frequent use of poor quality, greasy food, passion for alcohol or tobacco. There are several forms of chronic pancreatitis: symptoms, pain, and recurrent psevdoopuholevaya.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing pancreatic helps to identify all violations of the body, as well as to give an overall assessment of its work.

Necessary tests:

• Blood tests. The patient rents as a common analysis, and the amount of iron enzymes. The presence of inflammation is to say the appearance of C-reactive protein, increased bilirubin, transaminases, and other indicators.
• Analysis of urine and feces. In the acute stage urine analysis will show an exaggerated number diastase. Fecal necessary to check the quality and the quantity of digested residue enzymes.
• US. The method is able to see the body structure and to identify the different infringements.
• Radiography. It is used in stagnation, stones, cysts, tumors and other abnormalities.
• Endoscopy. Is performed using an endoscope with a small ultrasound transducer. Through the mouth end thereof enters the duodenum.
• Tomography. With tomograph performed snapshots from different sides gland. They show the most minimal deviations. This method is the most effective and safe.

Complex diagnostic methods demonstrate a qualitative assessment of body and allow you to discover at early stages of disease such as inflammation, swelling, stones, cysts, tumors, and other anomalies. If necessary, you may need to perform a biopsy. Timely quality diagnostics to help identify the disease and begin treatment as soon as possible.

Ultrasound of the pancreas: normal, high and low echogenicity

The most simple, but no less effective method of diagnosis remains ultrasound. An important indicator for comprehensive diagnosis is echogenicity. The structure of various tissues and organs having a different density, which measures the ability of the reflection of ultrasonic waves.

This is what shows the echogenicity, the level of which may be normal, increased or decreased. In normal pancreas has an S-shape, indicating that the body's health.

Its dimensions should be in the range of 15-21 cm with a weight of 80 g, the bulk of the prostate accounts for a head. Normally, the iron should be clear contours, medium density and grain structure. Uniform echogenicity indicates a healthy body, but allowed small inclusions.

Deviations from the norm is hyperechogenicity - increased body density and hypoechogenicity - low density.

Hyperechogenicity may indicate the presence of diseases such as pancreatitis, lipomatosis, fibrosis, tissue degeneration and other diseases. The important point is the location of increased echogenicity. It can be smooth or localization. Healthy iron may have some areas of increased echogenicity - is the location of ducts and other tissues.

Hypoechogenicity indicates swelling, tumors, cysts, and other pathology. This often indicates a swelling of the prostate and increase the amount of liquid. Most often, the results of ultrasound visible mixed echogenicity, in which both reduced and increased density areas. Heterogeneity body structure is often a sign of inflammation, the presence of tumors or fibrosis.

What if the pain in adults. First aid

Understand that it hurts the pancreas - can only be a doctor. The patient usually feels encircling abdominal pain without clear localization. Pain indicates a problem that could occur recently or long ago to testify about the onset of the disease.

Ignore these symptoms do not need to, because it could be a serious disease that requires high-quality and timely treatment. Feeling twinges necessary shear is to consult an expert. But often, the necessary assistance can not be obtained immediately, but do not want to endure the pain.

In this case, you can briefly relieve the suffering and take painkillers. These include No-spa, Paracetamol, Drotaverinum. These medications will remove the pain, partly eliminate the inflammation and relax muscles ducts. After improving the outflow of pancreatic juice comes general state improved.

If there is a gas accumulation in the intestine - it is recommended to take drugs against flatulence: Espumizan, simethicone, meteospazmil. If the pain is severe, the use of medication can complicate diagnosis. Therefore it is recommended to call an ambulance without any drugs.

The pancreas should not be overloaded, so you should refuse to accept any food. Drinking plenty of fluids will help to drain the juice from the ducts, but it can be used only if there is confidence in the absence of stone formation in the body. You need to lie down, to attach to the patient place the ice - it will reduce the work of the body, and wait for the doctor.

Removing the twinge of a child

Children's age does not mean the absence of health problems. Often, the pancreas responds to changes in diet, lifestyle, improper vaccination and other phenomena. The first symptoms of the disease and the child should be explained that the important point is the treatment and dieting.

Problems with the pancreas can occur at any age child, starting from the thoracic, when there is a transition to other forms of power. Also contribute to the load on the pancreas is wrong school meals or adolescence.

If pancreatitis is suspected, should consult a specialist. the child can try to stabilize before the medical examination. To do this, you need to give him rest. The body position should be comfortable, preferably with a slight forward lean body.

Food intake is strictly prohibited. The child can drink fluids, but only in the form of pure water. Of drugs is better to abstain, and to relieve tension - to attach to the sore spot ice. Severe pain in the child does not always indicate the presence of dangerous diseases, but require careful monitoring and diagnostics.

Diet

In diseases of the pancreas is recommended diet, which will help bring the body to its normal state. In acute inflammatory process within a day or two is necessary to completely eliminate any meal. Then the food intake is reduced to a healthy diet.

This means that you need to give up eating spicy, smoked, fried and canned foods. Abandon the burning of spices and alcoholic beverages, as well as to limit the use of bakery products, sweet and sour products.

During the observance of a medical diet recommended to consume dairy products: cheese, unsweetened yogurt, kefir, sour milk.

Bread is best to choose cereal. Egg consumption is optimized as an omelette. Permission is granted to cereals consumption, vegetables, meat and fish. All meals should be shabby and cooked boiled method. Fruit is desirable to use only apples and pears, if there are no contraindications. However, to use them in its raw form is not allowed.

It is best to eat baked fruit. From drinks it is forbidden to use, carbonated, juice, alcoholic beverages, tea and coffee. It is best to drink pure water - mineral or artesian.

food rules

Sophisticated food that contains a lot of unhealthy components, needs a more thorough digestion. To help the digestive system to handle the pancreas produces a large number of enzymes. However, in the fevered state is fraught with the emergence of new problems and the deterioration of the condition of the organ.

If the problem is - it tells the pancreas, the disease symptoms. Diet and treatment will be the main way to normalize important organ. To give a chance to rest the pancreas and take the prescribed treatment methods, it is necessary to adhere to a special diet.

Food should not contain large amounts of fat and cooked foods should be consumed in the form of puree. This is necessary so as not to irritate the intestines and does not injure the damaged organ. During the diet you should refrain from salt and sugar.

Food must be lean with normal temperature. Hot and cold food should be excluded. The patient should not fast or strongly gorge. It is best to eat small meals 5 times a day. Only a proper diet together with the selected treatment yield positive results.

Sample menu for the week

organ function is impaired and it tells the pancreas. Symptoms, diet, treatment - to help cope with the disease in a timely manner. The diet of the patient's power depends on the type of disease, condition of the pancreas, and overall health. Menu designs doctor and make adjustments if necessary. The first time you can use the Sample menu.

Here are its contents:

• Monday. Breakfast: oatmeal, pudding. Lunch: cottage cheese. Dinner: Steam chicken cutlet with vegetables. Compote. Afternoon snack: fruit soufflé. Dinner: fish steamed with carrots. Second dinner: yogurt.
• Tuesday. Breakfast: buckwheat porridge, stewed fruit. Lunch: fruit soufflé. Lunch: meat loaf for a couple with vegetables, jelly. Snack: scrambled eggs with steamed vegetables. Dinner: Steam meatballs with mashed potatoes, fruit compote. Second dinner: natural yoghurt.
• Wednesday. Breakfast: semolina, jelly. Lunch: baked apples. Lunch: fish with steam vegetables, fruit compote. Snack: Cottage cheese casserole. Dinner: Meat patties with steam vegetables, herbal decoction. Second dinner: yogurt.
• Thursday. Breakfast: buckwheat porridge, broth hips. Second breakfast: scrambled eggs with steamed vegetables. Lunch: steam cutlets from poultry with mashed potatoes, pudding. Snack: Cottage cheese casserole, pudding. Dinner: fish steamed with rice garnish, fruit compote. Second dinner: yogurt is not sweet.
• Friday. Breakfast: cereal, wheat, fruit compote. Lunch: cottage cheese casserole. Lunch: meatballs steam with mashed potatoes, pudding. Snack: baked pear. Dinner: meatloaf steam, broth hips. Second dinner: yogurt.
• Saturday. Breakfast: oatmeal, pudding. Lunch: fruit soufflé. Lunch: boiled fish with vegetables, fruit compote. Snack: scrambled eggs for a couple. Dinner: Steam cutlets of birds, herbal decoction. Second dinner: yogurt.
• Sunday. Breakfast: semolina, fruit compote. Lunch: baked apples. Lunch: meatballs with steam rice pudding. Snack: Cottage cheese casserole. Dinner: meatloaf with vegetables steamed, broth hips. Second dinner: natural yoghurt.

On the day the average man should consume no more than 3,000 calories - enough to generate power, so as not to overload the digestive system. For women, the norm is up to 2000 kcal per day. Individual calculations are dependent on body weight and rhythm of life.

recipes

Dietary food is one of the major factors in pancreatic diseases, promote early recovery.

Several dietary choices of starters:

• Chicken soup. Broth chicken breast without skin 500 g. Vegetables are laid in sequence without roasting: bow-100 c, 80-c carrots, potatoes 120-c. Vegetables are cut into slices and laid after 20 minutes after cooking chicken. Spices do not add and cook another 20 minutes. Before serving you can sprinkle with fresh herbs.
• Pumpkin soup. At three liters of water requires about 60 g of potatoes and 40 g of carrot. Cut the vegetables into small pieces and toss into the boiling water. Thereafter, after 7 minutes, add the remaining cut pieces of vegetables: 100 g of a pumpkin, 30 g of onion and 60 g of apple. Vegetables should be cooked for about 15 minutes, after which they need to stretch your blender. Soup is ready. Salt, sugar and spices are not using. Before serving, you can decorate with greenery.

Options for cooking dishes:

• Roll the meat for a couple. 500 grams of beef to scroll through a meat grinder and add one egg. All mix thoroughly and form a layer of thickness less than half a centimeter. Top with stuffing as stewed vegetables: 100 g of onion, 100 c. 100 g of carrots and fungi with herbs. Meat layer rolled into a roll and wrap in foil. Put in a steamer and steam for 1 hour.
• Cottage cheese casserole. Whisk two eggs. Take 250 g of cottage cheese and mix it with two tablespoons of yogurt. Add the beaten eggs and mix. You can add one apple. The resulting mass is poured into a bowl for baking and send in a steamer for 30 minutes.

drug therapy

Combined therapy is used for such a body as the pancreas. Symptoms, diet, treatment - all these estimates the doctor by assigning medication. If the disease is caught suddenly it is likely to need painkillers and antispasmodic drugs.

Following their adoption, the pain disappeared, relieves spasms and facilitates the outflow of enzymes. Examples of such medicines: No-spa, papaverine and others.

To reduce the load on the pancreas, it is necessary to take enzyme preparations. Artificial blood levels of essential enzymes causes the body to stop their production. The pancreas is calm and can take appropriate treatment.

Furthermore it improves digestion and helps eliminate the gag reflex. These drugs include: enzistal, Pankurmen, Creon Pancreatin and others. Own pancreatic enzymes are inactivated makes sense. To do this, fit antiproteaznye drugs: Contrycal, Gordoks.

For less aggressive food digestion is necessary to reduce the concentration of hydrochloric acid. It also allows you to control the allocation of pancreatic enzymes. These medicines include: Almagel, Maalukol and others.

Since the concentration of hydrochloric acid is reduced, there may be difficulty in digesting food. This requires medication, improves intestinal peristalsis. One of the major medicaments in the presence of inflammation are antibiotics.

It is best used with a wide range of actions with a preliminary test for sensitivity. Widespread macrolide antibiotics and cephalosporins. During exacerbation not irritate the stomach is desirable, therefore antibiotics are administered intravenously.

Folk remedies

Traditional methods of treatment helps to normalize the pancreas and avoid many problems.

Here are a few effective ways to:

• Mark in equal proportions lemon, garlic and parsley. Products to scroll through a meat grinder and the resulting gruel to eat a teaspoon three times a day before meals. Keep the mixture should be refrigerated.
• Broth radiograms pink recommended a teaspoon for half an hour before meals.
• Jerusalem artichoke well restores pancreatic function. You need to eat a small club every day.

• Favorable to the pancreas, and a decoction of aspen. 300 g powdered bark add water and boiled for 20 minutes on low heat. Then put to infuse overnight. In the morning you can take 50 ml twice a day before meals.
• In the acute stage in the presence of pain at night it is recommended to make a poultice of yogurt. It is necessary to impregnate the fabric and attach to the sore spot. Then wrap waterproof cloth cover a woolen scarf and go to bed.

treatment of children

The disease of the pancreas in children - a serious test for both the child and parents. Regardless of the etymology of the disease, for the first time it is best to place the child in the hospital. Especially it concerns the treatment of acute pancreatitis. In this case, you need to comply with bed rest and a couple of days to refuse food.

Fasting is recommended, even infants, to unload the pancreas. During fasting, you can use mineral water. By prescription intravenous drip, including glucose solution can be assigned.

antispasmodics used for improvement, analgesics, controls the secretion of antibiotics and other drugs. The important point is that a child has allergies. In this case, it involves the exchange of the drug and the use of antihistamines. After stabilization, a child needs medical diet and strict adherence to therapies.

If drug therapy is ineffective - considered other treatment options, including the operation. The forecast for recovery of the child as a whole is favorable. However, if there are running course of the disease with pus and necrosis - the likelihood of increased mortality.

Indications for surgery

The correctness and effectiveness of the treatment say diagnostics of the pancreas, associated symptoms. Treatment sometimes does not give the desired result, and in order not to aggravate the situation, prescribe surgery.

It is necessary in the following cases:

• The presence of pancreatic necrosis and peritonitis.
• Necrotizing pancreatitis, and the presence of pus.
• Abscess or tumor.
• The presence of cysts, which block the duct and cause severe discomfort.
• Bleeding or severe trauma with bleeding.
• Chronic pancreatitis, which is diagnosed for a long time and is accompanied by severe pain.

The operation on the pancreas is a last resort when other treatments do not help. Location body can not talk about a simple operation as a high risk of developing complications.

As is the operation

When performing operations on pancreas surgeon can remove either the entire body or unwanted formation of tumors or cysts. It is also allowed the removal of only part of an organ or only dead tissues.

Types of operations:

• Clear the way. After laparotomy performed organ dissection and purification entire cavity.
• Laparoscopy. Abscess is opened using a laparoscope, there is a removal body parts and drainage installation.

• Internal drainage. By means of laparotomy or laparoscopy through the back wall of the stomach opens access to the pancreas. The contents of the abscess into the stomach, the cyst is closed, and the opening is delayed.

The nature of the operation may vary depending on the size of the cysts, the presence of stones and other characteristics. Transactions Pancreas performed under general anesthesia.

Rehabilitation after surgery

After the operation for a long time may feel discomfort in the pancreas, even after its removal. The patient may complain of heaviness, pain, frustration of a chair.

Because of this can be weight loss, weakness and malaise. After surgery, you may need replacement therapy, in which the pancreas take the medications.

After the operation is necessary to observe a certain diet and medication throughout life. It is necessary to completely give up alcohol and tobacco products, fast food, fried and smoked food with high content of carcinogens and trans fats.

It is also necessary to monitor blood sugar levels to prevent diabetes. Life after surgery on the pancreas, only the first time it seems complicated and confusing. Over time, the body adapts to the new conditions and the person ceases to pay attention to the forced changes.

possible complications

Sometimes after surgery, complications may occur, which is caused by a number of reasons. Among them are often found purulent processes - pancreatitis, peritonitis, abscess, or sepsis. There are many cases of bleeding or nerve damage and blood vessels. Just as there are cases of diabetes.

Frequent complications are indigestion and absorption of food. Sometimes tissue connection made via the operation is unstable. Each case requires additional medical intervention. That is why for some time after the surgery is recommended observation in a hospital.

Pancreas cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor, affecting glandular tissue, duct and surrounding tissue. The tumor generated in a node, which is a cluster of cells with the genetic malfunction. They multiply rapidly and slowly growing tumors.

The disease can appear at any age, but it mostly occurs in people older than 50 years. According to statistics, men are ill oncology pancreas often than women. The most commonly occurs in the head of oncology and cancer is much rarer in the body and tail.

Oncology pancreas - fairly common disease, ranks 4th in mortality.

This is due to the fact that in the early stages of the disease are asymptomatic. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the tumor. Based on its size and the flow character selected partial or complete removal of the organ.

However, the presence of metastases, surgical intervention is not carried out. With medicines carried increased life expectancy and improved general condition. If it is possible to achieve reduction of tumor size - there is a chance of a successful operation.

Any pancreatic disease may provoke oncology. Most often, cancer is a wrong way of life: the use of alcohol, tobacco, harmful food. Aggravating factors include environment, interaction with harmful substances, injury and surgery of the abdominal cavity.

The pancreas is an important organ that performs a number of functions. The first symptoms of the disease forced the patient to follow a strict diet and serious treatment. It is interconnected with neighboring authorities and is involved in the digestion process.

Unhealthy lifestyle, poor diet and other factors could lead to a deterioration of the pancreas works. And only after that the patient understands how important it is. Compliance with the basic requirements of a healthy lifestyle will help to prolong the health and ensure the good work the body.

Video of pancreas disease symptoms and treatments

The main symptoms of the presence of pancreatic disease:

Treatment of pancreatitis and the right to food, expert advice: