The composition, drug description
Omeprazole called drug having antisecretory and antiulcer properties. Use of the drug reduces the production of gastric juice and therefore indispensable in the treatment of pathologies ulcerative and erosive character.
Due to the content of omeprazole, a drug classified as a proton pump inhibitor and provides a means for the treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal pathologies in adults. In severe cases, children can take Omeprazole with age older than one year.
The drug Omeprazole belongs to the category of prodrugs - a modified form of funds, drug activity which only comes in contact with a specific biological environment.
In this case, display of the therapeutic properties of the drug only occurs under the influence of the acidic environment of the secretory canaliculi of the stomach, and their intensity corresponds to the volume of the dose. With increasing dosage of the degree of suppression of gastric secretory function increases.
The effect of the drug on the cholinergic receptors, and histaminergic types have been identified.
Mechanism of action
The substance omeprazole - derivative benzamidazola. The action of the substance is expressed as braking Hydrogen potassium ATPase, with the participation of which in the stomach, hydrochloric acid is produced.
The impact on the parietal cells of the gastric glands reduces the secretion level, regardless of the reasons for its increase. At the same antisecretory effect is achieved in about an hour and lasts for days.
Gastric acid suppressing activity, the drug reduces basal (morning, fasting) and stimulated (postprandial) secretion.
Inhibition of acid production results in a reduction of the daily total amount of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, whereby the acidity is reduced not only in daytime but also at night.
Prolonged use of the preparation period and to reduce the background level of intragastric acid medium, glandular cysts can be formed in the body tissues. Such changes are considered as a result of benign physiological processes and are considered to be reversible.
Bactericidal properties of the material
An important quality of omeprazole is considered its bactericidal effect. Accumulate in the parietal cell, the active substance has an effect on Helicobacter pylori - microorganism promotes the formation of ulcers.
Furthermore, omeprazole is able to protect cells - stimulating mucus production and reproduction epithelial cells and preventing penetration of protons return to mucosal tissue stomach.
Thus, the effectiveness of therapy agent for ulcerative lesions increases twice.
Indications for admission of the drug
Omeprazole shows the treatment and prophylaxis of the following diseases:
- ulcerous lesions of the stomach;
- duodenal ulcer;
- stress ulcers;
- gastrezofagealny reflux;
- multiple endocrine anematoz;
- Zollinger-Ellison disease;
- systemic mastocytosis;
- gastropathy due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Furthermore, omeprazole is part of a complex of measures of eradication therapy of infection Helicobacter pylori, which reduces the overall treatment twice. In order to prevent the inflammatory response agent is used during general anesthesia to prevent penetration of acidic stomach contents to the airways.
Indications to receive funds are relevant not only for adults but also for children and elderly patients. In diseases in acute form, doctors prescribe drinking omeprazole five years. For younger children, from the year means used with caution.
The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug
Omeprazole produced in the form of hard gelatin capsules cylindrical shape, each of which contains 20 mg of active substance enabling the effectiveness of the drug and excipients.
capsule shell has a rapid dissolution property, so the active components are released soon after ingestion. The level of absorption of the drug is classified as high.
Half an hour after ingestion of the capsule means achieves maximum blood concentration. After suction filtration and liver bioavailability of omeprazole is 50%. Communication glycoprotein and albumin can reach 95%. Rapid penetration of the gastric parietal cells due to the high lipophilicity of the substance.
The natural functionality of parietal cells associated with the production of hydrochloric acid, is recovered within three days after the completion of treatment agent.
Metabolism and conclusion
Metabolic processes that ensure cleavage and processing of omeprazole, are made in the liver with the direct involvement of the cytochrome P450 (CYP). As a result of the formation of the six varieties of metabolic products that are not considered pharmacologically active.
Among derived metabolites - gidroksiomeprazol, omeprazolsulfon and other sulfide and sulfone derivatives.
The main conclusion provide medicines kidney - 80%. The remaining part is excreted through the intestine. In normal liver function during poluvyvoda omeprazole is half an hour, and the blood clearance rate is 50 ml per hour.
If liver function violated poluvyvod drug in bile it may take up to three hours. Also, reducing the intensity of withdrawal of medicinal components observed in patients with chronic renal failure and in the elderly.
Features of the application
Complete information about the specifics of omeprazole is described in the instructions to the drug. Adult patients medication prescribed rate of 20 mg per day to a meal.
Terms of use of the drug for children are different. Children prescribed omeprazole with age at least a year and provided that the child weighs at least 10 kg.
The main indication for the drug to children from one year to four years may be gastroesophageal disease. Children after four years of medication prescribed for the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.
The dosage of the medication is determined by their child and the weight is 1 mg per kg body weight per day.
In practice, treatment is as follows:
- children between the ages of years, weighing up to 10 kg - a single dose per day to 10 mg of omeprazole;
- children weighing more than 20 kg - a single dose of 20 mg per day. In some cases, it is permissible increase in the daily dose to 40 mg.
For the treatment of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn and acid regurgitation in children assigned to receive - one capsule per day of the drug (20 mg) before meals in the complex therapy. The course of treatment - 2-4 weeks, subject to careful medical supervision.
After further investigation was repeated therapeutic course possible to achieve full recovery.
Treatment of peptic ulcer disease in children from four years
Features of treatment of children between four years and adolescents determined by the level of bacterial resistance in the region, in which the patient lives, the mass of his body, as well as the kinds of antibacterial drugs in the complex therapy.
There are several schemes of therapeutic effect on gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Unlike therapeutic measures is to choose and the amount of antibiotics taken together with omeprazole.
Consequences of ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum helicobacter pylori infection together eliminate the pathogen by combination therapy in which necessarily includes Omeprazole.
A particularly effective action is different triple therapy:
- if the child's weight is from 15 to 30 kg, administered - 10 mg omeprazole and amoxicillin and clarithromycin. General Course - Week;
- if the child's weight is greater than 30 kg but not more than 40 kg, apply 20 mg of omeprazole and amoxicillin and clarithromycin, in accordance with a physician;
- when the child's body weight over 40 kg the daily dose of omeprazole does not change and is the same 20 mg. While the number of amoxicillin and clarithromycin is increasing weight of the patient, respectively.
If the patient has severe chronic pathologies such as renal and liver failure, antisecretory drug dosing regimen remains unchanged.
Terms of taking the medicine
Since capsules of omeprazole readily dissolve in the stomach, there is no need to chew or crush them.
However, if the child is difficult to swallow the capsule, it is opened and the contents are stirred with a portion of the beverage or food.
To prepare a therapeutic solution for one year old child, it is necessary to mix the capsule contents with 50 ml of drinking water or a weakly acidic juice (Fruit) and a half portion of the resulting add child in its normal beverage or drink to give a finished form, pre Shake liquid.
The obtained mixture must be taken within an hour, preferably before or during breakfast. Whereas it is not recommended to use milk or soda to wash down medicine, you can get water.
To prevent side effects, the treatment of children by omeprazole is carried out only by prescription and under the strict supervision of specialists. Use of the drug is possible only in the case of instrumental confirm the absence of malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract.
This is due to the fact that omeprazole eliminates symptoms of cancer and significantly hampers timely diagnosis. Classifi- cation, reduces the chances of cure of cancer patients.
Contraindications and side effects
Like many medications, omeprazole, and components of the drug can cause individual intolerance in certain patients.
The drug is contraindicated in patients with atrophic gastritis or low acidity of the stomach. Furthermore, omeprazole is unacceptable in combination with nelfinavir and atazanavir.
The use of drugs is possible only after a gastroenterology patient.
Field of side effects
In some patients the drug can cause adverse reactions. The occurrence of side effects is classified in accordance with the authorities and their display systems. According to medical research, the development of side effects associated with the need to obtain repeated doses of the drug.
Among the most common adverse reactions omeprazole manifestation dysfunctions such body systems:
- nerve - pains in the head, taste dysfunction, numbness, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, confusion, aggression or agitation, depression;
- digestive - abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, colitis symptoms, dry mouth, constipation, activation gerpevirusa including stomatitis;
- visual - decreased vision;
- immune - increased sensitivity, fevers, edema angioneurotic origin, anaphylactic reactions;
- metabolic - pathological decline in concentration of sodium or magnesium ions, the processes that contribute to hypocalcemia, characterized by excessive reduction of calcium levels in blood plasma;
- hepatobiliary - increase of liver enzymes, jaundice, hepatitis, liver failure or encephalopathy amid existing liver disease;
- dermal - epidermal inflammation, accompanied by itching and rash, dermatitis, alopecia, rash, photosensitivity, erythema, toxic necrolysis;
- hematopoietic - reduced levels of platelets, white blood cells and other cells that form the basis of blood,
- Musculoskeletal - arthralgia, muscle weakness, in special cases - seizures;
- kidney - nephritis;
- respiratory - bronchospasm;
- reproductive - gynecomastia.
Furthermore, due to the reception Omeprazina possibly increased sweating, allergy, general weakness, swelling.
Overdose
Omeprazole medication is not a high level of toxicity, therefore, in the event of an overdose of funds the development of serious health consequences is excluded.
But if you take the drug for too long may develop symptoms characteristic of adverse reactions.
Therefore, when a dry mouth or nausea, vomiting, headache, accompanied by arrhythmias or tachycardia on the background of the use of omeprazole, should stop taking the drug and seek emergency doctor.
Special instructions
The therapeutic effect of the drug can be insufficient or excessive - it depends on the individual characteristics or condition of the patient, as well as actions taken parallel drugs.
Among the critical factors that could influence the effectiveness of the therapeutic effect of omeprazole, pharmacists identified the following cases:
- patients with congenital intolerance to glucose-galactose;
- long-term treatment (more than three months), proton pump inhibitors;
- application means in conjunction with drugs provoking lowering magnesium level in the blood, such as diuretics.
Use of omeprazole can reduce the effect of vitamin B group, which is particularly important in the treatment of patients with cachexia.
The sucrose content in the composition of the drug may not be suitable for the body of those patients where there is a genetic fructose intolerance or impaired glucose absorbability or sucrose.
Patients whose activities are related to the management of vehicles, should temporarily abandon the lessons associated with potentially hazardous work. This is especially true in cases related to the increased attention.
The use of funds during the period of pregnancy
Scientific studies have not confirmed the possibility of adverse effects of omeprazole on the condition of the pregnant woman and the fetus. Furthermore, as practice shows, the drug is appropriate even during breastfeeding - provided that this corresponds to a medical necessity.
Despite the fact that the components are capable of omeprazole passes into breast milk, their adverse impact on the child at the moment are not scientifically confirmed.
preparations analogues
On the basis of the substance omeprazole domestic and foreign pharmacists developed a huge amount of drugs - analogues, synonyms, as well as drugs of: Omez, Zerotsid, Lansazol, Ultop.
Typically, the analogues of the drug produced by different companies contain a reference to the name of the manufacturer - Omeprazole-Richter, omeprazole-Zentiva. Pharmacological release form and the main active ingredient is identical in all of these medications.
Due to the nature, the drug may not be available in tablet form because it therapeutic properties are disclosed solely under acidic conditions typical of the contents stomach.
sources:
Vidal: https://www.vidal.ru/drugs/omeprazol__3120
GRLS: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Grls_View_v2.aspx? routingGuid = 83097c54-4fcd-4122-b96d-1b90b38d8823 & t =
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