Mnemonics memory of adults: exercise, exercise. How to develop, improve memory and attention of the person. Games, poems, for concentration tests

Memory - is the foundation of our consciousness that allows you to remember what we see, hear or do. As a result, all that remained in the past, is reproduced in the future. Mnemonics (from the Greek for "art of memorization") - is a special technique for learning new information, which includes various techniques for the memory of adults.

The reasons for the weak memory

The modern pace of life has a negative impact on brain function.

Reasons for poor memory caused by the following factors:

• sleep problems (insomnia, sleep deprivation systematic);
• the use of alcohol, drugs and smoking of tobacco products;
• the use of pain medications and antidepressants;
• deficiency of one or several vitamins in the body;
• damage to the skull bone or soft tissues (nerves, blood vessels, brain tissue and sheath);
• pituitary glandular tumor tissue;
• malignant tumors (cancer);
• infectious disease whose causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis;
• extensive liver injury (cirrhosis);
• renal or hepatic impairment;
• chronic fatigue;
• information overload of the brain;
• disease of the central nervous system - Alzheimer's disease;
• multiple sclerosis;
• Parkinson's disease;
• diabetes;
• violation of cerebral circulation, which is usually associated with atherosclerosis;
• Moved stroke;
• spine disease, which affects the intervertebral discs and vertebral own tissue - osteochondrosis;
• anemia;
• Down's syndrome;
• violation of metabolic processes in the body;
• asthenic syndrome;
• problems with visual functions;
• constant stress;
• frequent damage of the organism by viral infections;
• hormonal imbalance;
• epilepsy;
• schizophrenia;
• vascular brain damage, which develops slowly - encephalopathy;
• vascular dystonia;
• dysmnesia and paramnesia - Memory change, distortion of memories;
• vertebrobasilar-basilar arterial system's syndrome;
• persistently high blood pressure.

Why is it important to train memory

Memory training allows you to raise the activity of brain activity that affects the physical and mental health.

Qualitative assimilation of information will help:

• learn a foreign language;
• and get a good paying job;
• learn how to analyze and assess the situation, make plans.

When the memory is reduced, decreased cerebral blood flow, resulting in reduced intellectual abilities. So that the brain cells came glucose, intellectual and creative activities must be tackled. Such energy transfer is establishing the processes of circulation, which has beneficial effects on brain function.

When intellectual load reduction increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. To avoid this, it is necessary to train their memory. Active assimilation of new information increases the consumption of glucose, resulting in burns calories, without turning to fat.

What are mnemonics

Mnemonics memory of an adult - a set of techniques and methods that enable better and more efficient to store and reproduce the information.

This system aims to develop:

• imagination;
• thinking;
• Attention;
• auditory, motor, tactile and visual memory.

Mnemonics allows you to achieve the following objectives:

• Learn how to manage your memory and attention;
• increase the amount of memory;
• stimulate intellectual development;
• develop intelligence, observation;
• stimulate creativity.

Who needs mnemonics

This technique is useful for all categories of people, but for some it is most needed:

• persons who wish to learn foreign languages. Mnemonics to help you remember the rules of speech and times;
• pupils and students - they have to constantly absorb a large amount of new information. The technique allows to select the desired data, write a crib and remember the material collected;
• entrepreneurs - their job requires constant communication with business partners, to remember all the important information needed mnemonics;
• teachers and educators - Mnemonics developing speaking skills, so it is useful for people in this field. The technique improves memory, thus increasing the horizons of these people, and they pass on their knowledge to students.

Psychophysiological foundations of mnemonics

Mnemonics is based on three principles that are essential for the development of memory in adults and children:

• form;
• association;
• location.

One of the foundations of the successful perception of new information - bright, impressive images.

When learning a foreign language are encouraged to submit a state which wants to convey. For example, the phrase «I hear - I hear," saying it is worth to try to hear the sounds around. It is recommended to look pleasant images in your mind, as the negative images of the brain often blocks.

Representation should cause positive emotions:

• laughter;
• surprise;
• curiosity.

To store an object, it will need something to compare. For example, memorizing the location of a school or hospital, you can pay attention to the odors or emotional states. The human imagination is easy to create a personal association.

To do this, remembering objects:

• reunite;
• give them shape, color and odor;
• They represent the process of their interaction.

In the creation of a full associative way of help:

• motion;
• tactile;
• aromas.

Associative array should be dynamic and voluminous to the information gathered becomes one whole. Such as the location of the reception helps to remember a list of unrelated words, a shopping list or a plan for the day.

The essence of the following equipment is necessary to play back the images in a sequence and to associate objects memorized with a familiar and familiar place, such as a home.

For example, there are plans for the day:

• write the essay;
• To water flowers;
• get out;
• go to the shop;
• take a walk with the dog.

A person is required to perform all these actions in your mind. When it comes to the shopping list, the present trip to the store and consistent acquisition of goods.

types of mnemonics

This procedure is allocated six directions:

• People - every man for life creates its own way of remembering. Techniques of this type are usually laid in kindergarten, school and university. Children who can not read, perceive new things through visualization. When memorizing the alphabet, numbers, address or commemorative dates, people use the technique of encoding harmonies. We often look for patterns or apply reception bindings. People mnemonics - the most common direction, but has a low efficiency;
• classical - kind of mnemonics, which was originally used Maya tribes and the inhabitants of ancient Greece. To learn how to memorize long texts and improve their skills in oratory, used classical mnemonics. First it was the system of internal emails, and then appeared Cicero method. He was to select objects on the street or in a well-lit room and securing them the right information. Then it was decided to learn new information by means of visual images: the main, which is embedded in nature and support for the installation sequence. In the future, the followers of classic mnemonics were divided into 2 groups: one used figurative codes, while others have decided to develop alternative methods, as they had difficulty visualization. People who have had problems with imagination, were pioneers of pedagogical mnemonics;

• pedagogical - she continued Peter Ramus in the 16th century in England. Pedagogical technique was more simple and clear, because I do not put high demands and did not require rendering. Its essence was to rewrite the text of the books in a notebook, re-reading the material and constant reading aloud. This technique has survived to modern days and is often used in schools and universities. It was found that the classic look much better, but the pedagogical technique is in high demand and easily perceived;
• circus - Classic mnemonics is closely intertwined with the circus (pop). This view is based on the transformation of information into gestures, facial expressions, words, tone of voice. The essence is not in the data storage and their transmission via conceived methods and actions;
• sports - like the direction used by professional mnemonist participating in competitions. Participants are evaluated by storing the speed and volume of assimilated information. Typically, these athletes are typed on any one form of data. The most difficult part is considered to be remembering the spoken numbers, as this makes it one time;
• modern - This direction is based on theoretical data and various studies. The modern trend has gathered the necessary information from other species, connecting the most important techniques in a single unit.

Practical methods of mnemonics

Through the combination of images, associations and locations were established methods of mnemonics:

• eydetika - are receiving is in remembering the object, associating it with any emotion. Psychologists have found that the information is digested much better under the influence of emotional factors;
• symbolization - acceptance is based on giving, memorable objects, clear and logical images. For example, on the desktop "basket" icon reflects the essence of the action - to remove all unnecessary;
• reception memorizing numbers - a method that is suitable for everyone. Numbers are assigned to letters or words that can encode the whole phrases and sentences. 1 - bread, 2 - milk, 3 - the sugar, and then make the desired text;
• method O'Brien - reception associated with storage numbers, which must be compared with known persons (1 - Yuri Nikulin, 2 - George Vitsin). Another number is given an additional word and makes an offer within the meaning of;
• shaped chain - the method of coaching visual and associative memory. The objects are presented in an unusual form, then joined in an image chain. Words to remember - bullfinch, a spoon and a telephone. Image - bullfinch sitting on a branch, holding a spoon and talking on the phone;

• mnemonic phrases - appointment required for storing any information. The most famous version - "Every hunter wants to know where pheasant sits". The phrase helps to remember the sequence of colors of the rainbow. There is another version - "Mole sheep, giraffes, baby blue jerseys stitched."

Tips for effective memorization

Mnemonics memory of the adult must be complemented by useful tips:

• gain a positive attitude and a desire to remember new information;
• to fully concentrate on the material and to be attentive to detail;
• learn how to compare the new information with the old long been known;
• train positioning parts in the memory so that later they can be easily found;
• repeating that greatly increase the chances of assimilation of new data;
• form associations, inventing lyrics or poems;
• do visual cues, and written notes;
• read the information you need before going to bed.

Simple and effective memorization techniques

you can resort to some interesting techniques for easy assimilation of new material:

• you must take into account the mechanisms of perception. If a person - audial, will approach the record with your text. Visuals remember information as well as possible, watching the video clip or look book. For kinestetikov important tactile sensations, so focus on contact with the storage object;
• Read the information is useful to paraphrase;
• drawing, drafting summaries and tables, extract interesting details;
• Gadfly method - first from the text stands out the basic idea, at the time of the second reading is necessary to pay attention to detail and thoughtfully explore the material. On the basis of reading under review, analyze the information. It remains to finishing - the text is repeated, starting with the basic ideas, finishing details. It is advisable not to spy. At the end of the text is read again and the analysis of missed moments;
• Cicero method - suitable for storing large amounts of text. The bottom line is the alignment of the important ideas and details in a familiar room. Selected sequence of movement, so that the text is not lost logical sense;

• method icons - this method is perfect visuals and needs to strengthen their memory, as well as for research and diagnostics. Icon - an image, reproduced on paper, created for storing any expressions. The basis of the method is to find the basic words and phrases, which are then drawn on the basis of human imagination;
• Atkinson's method - it proposes to use only the resources of the brain, gradually loading it with new information. normal or better in verse form: To do this, the text is selected. First learns a few lines 5-6, the next day repeat memorized lines and add the same amount more. On the last day to the learned of the text is added over 5-6 lines. The absorption of new material affects the number of repetitions. Gradually the amount of texts must increase. Occupation is recommended in the morning.

mnemonics exercises for beginners

Mnemonics memory of adults provides simple exercises that are suitable for beginners:

• come up with a poem with the content of the desired material;
• reproduce a poem or prose, introducing the characters, feelings, colors, voices;
• Remember personal information - name and compare the association. For example, the stone - stone Gorbulin - hump Myl'nikov - Soap;
• assign memorized object name of the object of the private rooms.

The best exercises for the development of memory for adults

To learn how to assimilate efficiently and in a short time the new information, you can resort to effective exercises:

• daily reading books, at least 20-30 pages per day, it is advisable to read the productive literature;
• walking in the street, you can try to remember the number of buses and passing cars;
• every day you need to learn 3-4 new words, for example, English or French;
• decision skanvordov and crossword puzzles;
• you can communicate with your friends, colleagues, and to remember their appearance, reproducing all the details after the farewell.

Association

Working with associations helps in the development of creative thinking, which is difficult given the majority of people. This technique makes it possible to remember all sorts of things by linking them together. An important principle of mnemonics - compare things familiar to those who should be postponed in memory.

If a person learns to quickly and correctly make associative links, he will be able to absorb a qualitatively new information, developing the work of the brain.

A great way to keep the memory of our toes - to work with opposite or entirely different words. Training should take about half an hour, followed by the same for break time. In a moment of relaxation impossible to watch TV, listen to music, because the brain needs a good rest.

Games for the development of memory

Mnemonics memory of adults includes not only exercise, but also the game:

• reception - the screen displays drinks and food, with each step there are new elements. The task - to find objects that have not yet appeared;
• numerical coverage - the essence of the game is to memorize, numbers displayed. On the screen appears a certain number, you must enter the correct character set;
• sophisticated high-speed trains - Remember the current task object and compare it with the next. Downstairs there are 2 buttons - yes and no. The game gradually increases speed and you need to quickly comparing figures;
• puzzles - puzzles - a board game. For adults, it is desirable to choose the large sets, where more than 1000 components;
• snowball - an idea that is well suited for a large company. People stand in a circle and begin to give their names. First, 1 person, 2 person then calls the previous name and his own, and the next indicates the previously mentioned names and so on. Then add the names, hobbies, city.

Most games are easy to find on the internet and work out online.

Sounds and ancillary facilities

Mnemonics often helps in the study Morse - representation of letters, numbers and punctuation marks in a sequence of dashes and dots. Morse code is difficult to learn, so each character is endowed with a certain sound. For example, the letter B to hum so - wi-daa-Laa. For better assimilation of new data, you can listen to the recording.

Training for special services method

Businessmen and secular people is especially important to communicate with people, so you need to remember people's names, their hobbies. To do this, associate the name of the person with some images that make it easy to remember information.

It is important to pay attention to facial features and making an analogy. To get the full picture, the overall image you want to combine with hobbies. For example, a man likes to play football. Then you need to provide him with the ball. Recommended daily training for skill development.

To remember all the important information from the negotiations, need to add previously created image of the association. During the business meeting should make a note of the main points and record only the main points in its memory.

For better absorption of new information, it is desirable to find the reason for everything you need to remember. If you want to put the phone number, each figure should give an unusual association of words or phrases.

One often forgets about future intentions and plans to fix it, it is necessary to develop a prospective memory. For this purpose are chosen for the day, which are guaranteed to happen: a trip to visit, shopping or meeting with a friend. Within a few days counts the selected target, then choose another target.

This technique will make responding external events, remembering intentions.

In the development of a sense of time will help with the training stopwatch: the person needs to measure the time and go about their business, counting time, but without making this emphasis. If in the end nothing happened, the exercise starts again.

Permanent records in the diary and appeal to them to establish a system that will help to recall plans. To work process was calm and competent, should create a rule. Sometimes you have to break away from the one case, moving to another. In this case, it is recommended to postpone incompleteness in mind the fact that the brain remained in a light tension.

Mnemonics - it's an interesting technique, necessary for the development of memory in adults and children. It helps in almost all spheres of life, activates brain function and solves the problems of modern society.

Useful video and mnemonics, the features of this technique and exercises

Techniques and exercises of mnemonics:

Cicero method: