With frequent allergies, doctors recommend a course receive the antihistamine from the list, depending on the age, sex of the patient and symptoms of the disease. 
For right choice you need to know a variety of forms of release and generations, the degree of disease and contraindications. Parents will be useful information about antihistamines for children and expectant mothers.
The content of the article:
- 1 What are antihistamines
- 2 Release form and composition
- 3 The properties and act as a therapeutic effects
- 4 Indications
- 5 Symptoms and diagnosis of allergies
- 6 Side effects, complications
- 7 Contraindications
- 8 new, latest-generation drugs. List
- 9 The third generation. List
- 10 Second generation. List
- 11 First generation. List
- 12 How to choose the best remedy for allergies
- 13 Antihistamines for children
- 14 Features of the children and the elderly
- 15 Antihistamines in Pregnancy
- 16 Features of the application in pregnancy
- 17 To which the doctor ask for advice
- 18 Videos about drugs from allergies and how to take them
What are antihistamines
Antihistamines - a substance which acts on the exciter complex of allergic reactions in the body. With this drug, patients with severe allergic reactions can transfer them in an easy manner.
Release form and composition
Release form of antihistamines is different. The range of anti-allergic drugs are:
- syrups;
- pills;
- drops.
It is necessary for the proper and safe reception, depending on the different age of the patients. In its composition antihistamines contain substances which may have sedative effects.
These include:
- difegindramin;
- clemastine;
- doxylamine;
- mepyramine;
- oxatomide;
- mizolastine.
The properties and act as a therapeutic effects
- antihistamines stabilize the receptor by introducing it in an inactive state;
- receptor blocking occurs at 24 hours or less, depending on many individual patient;
- chlorpheniramine in the composition has anti-inflammatory effect.
Indications
- conjunctivitis;
- various forms of dermatitis;
- swelling;
- allergic reactions to dust;
- swelling and itching after being bitten by insects of various kinds;
- allergies to medicines;
- allergic to different types of flowering plants;
- when allergic reactions to consume food;
- anaphylactic shock;
- eczema;
- psoriasis;
- bronchial asthma;
- severe allergic cough.
Symptoms and diagnosis of allergies
Among the main symptoms of allergies include:
- hacking cough;
- itching of the skin;
- shortness of breath;
- itchy nose;
- redness and watery eyes;
- swelling;
- nausea and dizziness.
Upon detection of the patient's allergic symptoms, a specialist appoint an additional examination.
Additional investigations helps determine the cause of an allergic reaction or allergy pathogen.
The main studies are:
- taking a skin test. It is the fastest and most reliable source of information about allergies. The procedure is performed in several stages, by introducing different allergens in a patient's body. After development of several symptoms of an allergic reaction, a doctor confirms that it is on the patient's allergic reaction occurs.
- check for IGE. This analysis is the detection of antibodies in the body and thereby establishing the causes of allergies. This type of analysis is the most expensive and time consuming;
- Patch-testing. This type of procedure consists in joining to the patient's back plates with different allergic components.
Side effects, complications
- drowsiness;
- weakness;
- nausea;
- dizziness;
- dryness in the oral cavity;
- blurred vision;
- headache.
With an overdose of antihistamines are toxic and can lead to complications with the heart. Therefore it is necessary to correctly choose the dosage of the treating physician.
Contraindications
The list of contraindications is directly dependent on the patient's age. Children under 2 years old are allowed to take antihistamines only in drops. Children from 2 to 6 years of age is permitted taking the medicine in the form of syrup.
The main contraindications to the use are:
- severe renal impairment;
- Hypersensitivity to the current components;
- pregnancy;
- breastfeeding;
- glaucoma;
- cardiovascular diseases;
- incompatibility with alcohol.
new, latest-generation drugs. List
The safest considered these antihistamines. List of resources that belong to the latest 4th generation, is different from all of the issued earlier drugs so that they do not cause somnolence and has no effect on cardiac activity.
These drugs may be used at elevated activity - mental or physical. allowed to drive a car. Please pay attention that up to appoint this or that medicine can only be a doctor, and everyone, even the most safe and modern medication can cause a negative reaction in the presence of intolerance to one of its components.
The most popular new-generation drugs include:
- Fexofenadine (Feksofast, Feksadin, Allegra, Telfast);
Very effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic problems or abnormalities. Contraindicated in persons under the age of 6 years old, pregnant or nursing women. Available in tablets. When using a non-addictive.
- Levocetirizine (Suprastineks, Tsezera, Glentset, Ksizal);
It is useful for chronic or seasonal allergies, skin itching or hives. It starts its effect within half an hour after administration. The sale can be found as pills or drops that are prescribed to patients to take a little more than 2 years. Is contraindicated in pregnant women, but with caution allowed use of the drug during breastfeeding or kidney disease. Sometimes it causes drowsiness.
- Desloratadine (Aerius, Lordestin, NeoKlaritin, Allergostop).
Copes with the treatment of acute and seasonal allergies. It occurs in the form of tablets and syrup. The syrup is intended for patients under 12 years old. Do not use during pregnancy. Act begins 30 minutes after application and continues daily.
The third generation. List
The previous, third generation, almost devoid of contraindications and suitable to a wider range of people. They do not have the side effects of the 1st and 2nd generation. There is some confusion in the course of which the products 4 th group is often combined with the products 3rd. Since the difference between them is minimal, and in medicine, many adhere to the separation of this type of medicine in all three parts.
To the Medicines third group may include medications analogues Group 4:
- Gismanal;
Used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent acts day. Available as a suspension and tablet. Suitable patients from 2 years old.
- Treks;
It has a wide range. It is used in the presence of glaucoma and disorders of the prostate gland.
- Telfiast (analog Fexofenadine);
- Feksadin (analog Fexofenadine);
- Feksofast (analog Fexofenadine);
- Levocetirizine-Teva;
A good option for the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases. It can be assigned to 6 years of age. Sometimes it causes drowsiness.
- Ksizal (levocetirizine analog);
- Aerius;
Used, including, for a long course of treatment, up to a year. It respond well to both adults and children from 1 year. In its effects similar to the drug desloratadine.
- Deza.
Effectively combats skin problems and a runny nose. Great for children, it can be used from 12 months. Available as tablets and syrup. Medicine handy in reception, regardless of the meal, one-time per day.
Second generation. List
Medications 2nd generation are not sedatives, but have a significant pressure on the heart and blood vessels, is therefore not indicated for use in children and in the elderly. Have a sufficient number of contraindications and side effects.
The most common drug of the 2nd generation are:
- Dimethindene (Fenistil);
It is effective for removing light burns, reactions to insect bites or skin rashes, and other types of allergies. Not permitted during pregnancy, but it is allowed for children older than 1 month. Product form: gel capsules, drops.
- Claritin (loratadine, Lothar, Lomilan);
Treats allergic rhinitis and skin problems. Available in the form of syrup, appointed at the age of 2 years old are not permitted during pregnancy and lactation. May cause drowsiness.
- Ebastine (Kestin);
Is indicated for rhinitis or urticaria. Interaction with ketoconazole may cause death. Permitted to use along with medicines containing alcohol.
- Cyproheptadine (Peritol);
An important property is to get rid of headaches during a migraine, as well as a soothing effect. Not recommended for use without a doctor's prescription, as the main indications - chronic pancreatitis, serum sickness, neurodermatitis.
- Zyrtec (Zodak, Tsetrin, cetirizine);
It is produced in the form of droplets and tablets. Is indicated for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, hay fever and other types of allergy. It can be used for children above 6 months with caution.
- Azelastinf (Allergodil);
Suitable to deal with rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Product: eye drops and nasal spray. Appointed 4 years.
- Rupafin (Rupatadin).
Excellent fighting with urticaria. Not given to patients under 12 years, pregnant and lactating women.
First generation. List
The most dangerous in the application data are antihistamines.
List of drugs with hypnotic effect, a large number of adverse reactions and a very short duration of action is quite popular to use in the general population. Can be addictive. Drugs in this section - the most inexpensive among all antihistamine group, which explains their popularity.
The most popular medications include:
- Suprastin (Chloropyramine);
It has a broad spectrum of treatment. Assign adults and children older than 1 month, it is not suitable for use during pregnancy and lactation. It causes severe sleepiness, is used as auxiliary means for churning high temperature. It is produced in the form of ampoules and tablets.
- Tavegilum (Clemastine);
It differs from suprastina in that it has at least not as strong sedative effect. Suitable for ages older than 1 year. Product form: Syrup and Tablets
- Fenistil (dimethindene);
It has a wide spectrum. It causes drowsiness, which takes place after two days of treatment. A large list of side effects, but at the same time, allowed a pregnant 12 weeks and children older than 1 month. Product: tablets, drops, gel, emulsion.
- Kvifenadin (Fenkarol).
It is used for all types of allergic reactions to adults and children from 1 year and pregnant women from the 2nd trimester. Product form: syrup, tablets.
How to choose the best remedy for allergies
For right choice of funds is necessary to build on the age and individual intolerance of components. For competent treatment should identify the cause of the allergy and eliminate allergens.
Antihistamines for children
For infants up to 1 year:
- Suprastin - 1 month;
- Fenistil / dimethindene - 1 month;
- Reaktin (eye drops) - 1 month;
- Pipolphenum - integrated means (parenteral form) - 3 months;
- Tsetrin / Zyrtec - 6 months.
From 1 - 6 years:
- Zodak - 1 g;
- Erius - 1 g;
- Tavegilum - 1 g;
- Kvifenadin - 1 g;
- Desa - 1 g;
- Tsetrin - 2 years;
- Gismanal - 2 years;
- Claritin - 2 years;
- Azelastine - 4 years;
From 6 years - 12 years:
- Fexofenadine - 6 years;
- Levotsetirin-Teva - 6 years.
Features of the children and the elderly
Children under 12 years of age there is a severe allergic reaction to certain components that are part of the antihistamines for the older generation. Therefore, not recommended for children independently appoint antiallergic agent. Doctors recommend to address to the allergist for proper fitting means.
For elderly people it is necessary to choose a non-hormonal drugs of the new generation. Since most of the antiallergic agents have a strong influence on the cardiovascular system, the risk of stroke appears.
For drugs that are strictly prohibited by experts to use the elderly, include:
- suprastin;
- Demidrol,
- Promethazine.
Antihistamines in Pregnancy
During pregnancy, any drugs to choose the doctor and are used only for its intended purpose!
Drugs recommended during pregnancy:
- Kvifenadin / Fenkarol - from the 2nd trimester;
- Fenistil / Dimitinden - from the 12th week;
- Kromoly sodium - drug indirect - from the 2nd trimester.
Features of the application in pregnancy
During pregnancy in the first trimester are prohibited from taking any antihistamines. This is necessary for the proper development of the fetus and its proper fixing.
In trimester 2 and 3 can be used are allergy medications, such as:
- Zyrtec;
- suprastin;
- Eden.
To which the doctor ask for advice
The choice of antiallergic drugs should take into account the individual characteristics and age of the patient.
If you suspect an allergic response, the patient should not self-medicate yourself and take antihistamines.
List of drugs selected data allergist at the individual consultation. The physician will conduct the necessary research, will appoint tests will reveal the cause of allergies and competently make a treatment regimen prescribe safe for use allergy medication.
Videos about drugs from allergies and how to take them
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