Fluorography. That is, how often you can do to children, adults, pregnant women, which shows an X-ray results, the possible harm. Digital, exit price, how to make free

Chest X-ray is a study of the thorax, based on X-ray technology. Pass this procedure is recommended for all.

That shows fluoroscopy?

As a result of fluorography turns black and white image of the body part as the passage radiography. The picture shows the various dimming fiber bodies, the position of the bones and organs, which greatly helps in diagnosing the disease.

The similarity of the X-ray fluoroscopy and obvious because the picture is due to the passage of x-rays through the body tissue and bone.

On this picture you can see whether there are processes of inflammation or any other disease. Also procedure is useful for the diagnosis of various abnormalities, mainly associated with the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

In some cases, even fluoroscopy helps ensure the availability of foreign objects into the cavities organism (usually chest) or tumors (both malignant and benign).

What diseases reveals

More often than not by passing x-rays of patients focuses on the chest.

This makes it possible to determine the presence of diseases and defects:

• lungs;
• heart;
• bones;
• arteries.

Among the diseases that get identified through conducting fluoroscopy procedures include:

• cancer, malignant tumors;
• festering abscesses, inflammation of the tissues;
• formation of cavities (cysts) in organs;
• bronchitis, tracheitis;
• pneumonia;
• problems with blood vessels, including high blood pressure and atherosclerosis of large arteries, aortic sclerosis;
• the presence of foreign bodies, which could be swallowed by man or put into the body by other means;
• asthma;
• change the size, weight, heart position (cardiomegaly) or other organs (hypertrophy);
• formation of foreign fibers (fibrosis);
• accumulation infiltrate liquid and air;
• tuberculosis.

Kinds

There are several types of x-rays. The difference between them lies in the method of the procedure, as well as what hardware is used in the process.

Different methods such x-rays:

1. The traditional way.
2. Digital method.

The traditional way at the moment is out of use due to the obsolescence of technology. In this case, the beams pass through the body (from the back), and then find themselves in a particular film which is sensitive to light. This results in an image.

To obtain the final result required in a special way to show the film. Less of this method - its duration: it is necessary to spend more time because of the need to secure the film. In addition, the result may not always turn out satisfactory, because it affects the quality of film used, various chemicals, and many other phenomena.

By the way, when fluoroscopy out thumbnail, so in some cases, to scrutiny image may need a magnifying glass.

Digital way is now becoming particularly popular. In carrying out such a method of procedure uses a thin X-ray beam, so irradiation greatly reduced the body level. In some cases, the dose may be reduced to 4-5 times. The results are processed by a special program, and can be viewed directly on the computer.

This means that it is not necessary to spend extra money on a light-sensitive film, her treatment by chemical means. In addition, the lower the probability that the image will not be possible. There are special programs used by doctors, which allow you to compare the results of multiple investigations or conduct further without re-exposure.

testimony

Fluoroscopy - a procedure which should take place nationals of the following categories:

1. All people are fluoroscopy procedure as a prophylactic measure, regardless of whether they occur in specific doctors or not.
2. Patients of various medical institutions in research and surveys.
3. All the people who live together with pregnant women or infants.
4. Young men who are screened before leaving the army, as well as the definition of recruiting office about their suitability for service.
5. People with HIV or AIDS.

Chest x-rays are required to go through all the people who are suspected of the disease such as:

• tuberculosis;
• tumors and other tumors in different organs;
• inflammatory processes resulting from pneumonia, bronchitis, pleuritis;
• all diseases related to the cardiovascular system.

Contraindications

Fluoroscopy procedure should not take people who meet one of several features, such as:

• age of 15-16 years, as the people of this age range is contraindicated exposure;
• pregnancy, since the X-ray radiation may adversely affect the formation of the embryo;
• when feeding newborn babies need to take special precautions during the procedure;
• difficult condition of the person: under this option includes all people who can not be in a standing position, such as the disabled or bedridden patients;
• presence of severe shortness of breath or other problems that may interfere directly carrying out the procedure;
• claustrophobia, which can adversely affect the mental state at the time of the procedure, because in some cases this phenomenon may even cause a panic attack.

Advantages and disadvantages of the method

Chest X-ray - this is the same medical procedure, like everyone else, so it has its own special advantages and disadvantages. You can read them in the table below.

Benefits	disadvantages
The low cost of the procedure. In some cases, the chest X-ray is conducted free of charge if there is a policy.	Patients in any case receive a dose of X-rays, which currently can not be reduced as much as possible. That is why the chest X-rays can not be done often.
The high speed of the procedure, particularly if used digital fluoroscopy method.	When using the conventional method fluorography, which comprises treating a film image, the expectation of obtaining results increases. Also, the image may be defective, of poor quality.
Chest X-rays can be done not only in a stationary position. There are mobile and compact devices that can allow for a procedure in emergency conditions.
Chest X-ray helps diagnose various diseases at an early stage of their development. This allows earlier treatment.
With the help of x-rays can diagnose the disease, which can not be expressed in the first stage of its development. Such diseases include flowing secretly oncology, tuberculosis.

At what age can take place?

According to the norms SanPiN, all kinds of X-ray examinations, which include chest X-ray and concerns, it is forbidden to hold children up to 14 years.

Exceptions are special cases where there is adversity - then local authorities can permit the x-rays, and at a younger age, with 12 years.

A similar situation occurs with children who already have a diagnosis. However, even in such a case, the child is likely to appoint an ordinary X-rays, rather than chest X-rays, because of the lower doses.

Thus, the chest x-rays are recommended for children over 15 years old. This is due to concerns over the fact that at an earlier age X-ray irradiation can adversely affect the formation of the child's body or even trigger the development of various tumors character.

In addition, children will receive a higher dose than prescribed in SanPiN, due to the proximity of their bodies. If we reduce it, the image will be too small to be able to something for him to diagnose.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

Fluoroscopy is contraindicated in pregnant women. Carry out the procedure only in special cases, at the same time be sure to observe the doctor and the use of precautionary measures, such as special protective apron.

Experts believe that chest X-rays can be done only in exceptional moments, after 20 weeks, after this period has formed all the organs of the child system. Do the chest X-rays in the early stages is strictly prohibited, since exposure can adversely affect fetal cell division.

When feeding infants should be careful in the case of fluoroscopy and does not do this procedure too often. There are studies, according to which the irradiation with x-rays does not affect the quality of milk.

However, many women before the test and after expressing her milk to precisely avoid the harmful effects of radiation on it and, as a consequence, on the child.

Which doctor carries out research

Fluoroscopy - a research method that uses X-rays. That is why the survey is to conduct a radiologist. This doctor deals with all radiographic studies, including tomography and conventional rentgenografikoy.

The duties rengtenologa include carrying out the procedure as required by state standards, with all the precautions, and in compliance with the correct radiation dose.

Radiologist should only express his hypotheses about the diagnosis, which can put the patient. However, the doctor prescribe treatment does not qualify. Resolution of the final diagnosis, writing out medical means should do the doctor who gave the direction to carry out fluoroscopy.

Training

Preparation for the procedure is carried out immediately prior to its execution. There are no such requirements for the patient, as the termination of sports prior to the study or the suspension of the use of drugs or certain products. All this does not affect the health of the chest, and is engaged in research which fluoroscopy.

Inaccurate the picture is only in this case, if the person will be extra items. They can create additional blackout in the picture, which is why diagnosis of diseases can be difficult. So, before fluorography women should remove the bra, collect or in any way to fix long hair, so they do not hit the "frame."

It is also necessary to remove completely all the decorations, which can be, for example, on the neck. Furthermore, directly during removal picture doctors usually advise patients to hold their breath for a short time. The reason is that when breathing may shift slightly light shape, because of what may turn out poor quality, unreliable picture.

The methodology of the study

First, the patient must take off all your clothes from the waist up, as well as foreign objects that may create an unwanted shadow on the future picture. This is followed as closely as possible to cuddle chest to screen a special instrument called photofluorograph, so that the chin can be put on top of it.

The picture is taken when the patient takes a deep breath, and then holds his breath.

What happens next depends on the type of fluorography, which is used in a particular medical facility. So, the traditional way of conducting the procedure will have to wait for some time until the picture will not be shown using special chemicals.

Only after this picture you can take in the event of his fitness. The waiting time is reduced when using the digital method, when fluorography picture is transported in a specialized program, where it can then be treated by your doctor.

The results of x-rays

The study results of x-rays done visually. The doctor must examine the pictures for blackouts, seals bodies, changes in size or position. Then, in the documentation indicates the number corresponding to the possible disease, pathology, especially.

They, together with details shown in the table below:

Number (code) assigned to the pathology	Name of pathology, explanation
1	A shadow ring. Typically such dimming result from cysts, abscesses, cavities.
2	Darkening in the lung tissue.
3	Alopecia shadow. In the event of such a blackout should undergo a CT scan. Small shadows should not cause concern, but supervision is required. If patchy darkening grow in size, there may be a suspicion of cancer.
4	The expansion of the shadow of the mediastinum. It can point to different, including minor heart problems.
5	The accumulation of excess fluid in the pleura.
6	Pronounced fibrosis in lung tissue.
7	Limited fibrosis in lung tissue.
8	Increase in the level of transparency of lung tissue. Possible cause - emphysema.
9	Pronounced, pleural pathological modifications.
10	Pleural limited modifications.
11	Patchy deposition petrifikatov (calcium salt) in the lung tissues.
12	A large number of large deposits in the lungs petrifikatov roots.
13	A large number of small deposits petrifikatov lung tissues.
14	A large number of small deposits petrifikatov lung roots.
15	Single large deposits petrifikatov in lung tissues.
16	Single large deposits petrifikatov lung roots.
17	Single small deposits petrifikatov lung tissues.
18	Single small deposits petrifikatov lung roots.
19	Modifications of the diaphragm. It does not affect the pleura disease. Possible cause - hernia.
20	It has been made operative intervention in the lung.
21	Change the appearance of the skeleton of the chest. Possible cause - a rib fracture, scoliosis, osteochondrosis.
22	A foreign object.
23	Disease of the heart or blood vessels.
24	Other pathology.
25	State standards. In this case, the picture is not pronounced darkening or lightening, drawing clean.
26	Marriage. It can be caused by low-quality image, a film, an error in the method of x-rays.

How often can I do fluorography

Fluorography recommended 1 times in 1-2 years, and this is the foundation. It is motivated by the fact that in the case of more frequent body treatments will get a higher dose of radiation, which may adversely affect human health.

However, chest X-ray can still be carried out more often, but only under strict medical supervision and in the presence of certain indications.

To the people who have to be screened more frequently than others, include:

• Medical staff working in maternity wards;
• Medical staff working with TB patients, for example, in TB clinic;
• employees harmful enterprises that have a statistically higher risk of lung cancer. This includes people who work in the mining industry, as well as in the industries related to asbestos or rubber.

How valid photoroentgenography

The results of x-rays, documented in a certificate issued by a doctor, there are 12 months. After this period repeated passage of x-rays is considered safe for the body.

For some citizens of Russia fluoroscopy results are valid for only six months. These are the same people who need to undergo the procedure more often than others.

Also, the results are valid for six months:

• military personnel;
• HIV patients;
• dispensaries patients (psychiatric, tuberculosis, substance abuse).

The possible negative consequences

Normally, in compliance with the schedule fluorography examinations and methods of the procedure, the adverse effects are not observed. If it exceeds the recommended official documents dose x-rays can experience the following effects:

• changes in the skin, the blood plasma;
• increased susceptibility to cancer, the appearance of benign tumors;
• pathology irradiated organs.

To reduce the risk of negative consequences fluoroscopy, you can use a special protective apron during the procedure. You should also closely monitor the time intervals between each study: they must not be less than a year.

Where do diagnostics

Fluoroscopy - a procedure that can be performed in almost any health facility. This requires an important employee - radiologist, the suit nurse assistant.

In public health centers chest X-rays can pass free of charge. If these institutions are, for whatever reasons, are not suitable to the patient can be examined in private clinics. The cost of a paid service fluoroscopy in Moscow on average 1,000 rubles, but you can find cheaper options.

X-ray and fluoroscopy: what is the difference

Many people do not know exactly what is the difference of X-ray and fluoroscopy, because these procedures are very similar. With all the major similarities and differences can be found in the table below.

similarities	differences
In both cases, used X-rays.	When radiographing the patient reported minimal amount of irradiation than when fluorography.
During the radiography and fluoroscopy conventional method using a special film.	Radiography cost more than the average price of fluoroscopy.
Fluorography is used as prevention and may also be useful in the diagnosis of diseases. Radiography is increasingly being used to refine the diagnosis of fidelity or a long-term comparison of the development of pathology.

Fluoroscopy and radiography have different purposes. However, prevention is better to pass it chest X-rays, because this procedure can even be done for free.

Chest X-ray is an important study, which must be held each in a timely manner. If this is not done, it is possible to miss the moment when you should begin treatment of the disease.

Author: Perepelitsa Elizabeth

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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