What is dangerous killing of the gallbladder and how to treat it correctly?

The bend of the gallbladder is a common pathological condition in which the natural anatomical form of the organ is disturbedleads to a violation of its functions, a decrease in motility of the bile duct, stasis of bile and other adverse consequences.

The gallbladder is an important participant in proper digestion, because the secreted bile is necessary for processing and assimilation of nutrients supplied with food. When these processes are violated, and the free flow of bile is hindered, the digestive processes are knocked down, the fats are broken up incorrectly and all the conditions for the formation of gallstones arise. We learn more about what the kink of the gallbladder is in adults, how the disease manifests itself and by what methods it is treated.

Bend of the gallbladder causes the pathology of

In medicine, the hereditary and acquired bend of the gallbladder is distinguished. Congenital pathology is formed at about 5-6 weeks of pregnancy. In the process of fetal development of the embryo, the organs and systems are actively being laid, and simultaneously with the liver and bile ducts a gallbladder appears. If at this time the mother's organism falls under the influence of unfavorable factors, the formation of the biliary system fails and the risk of formation of congenital anatomical pathology of the gallbladder increases. Among such negative effects can be attributed:

1. exacerbation of chronic diseases in the mother;
2. viral infections suffered during this period;
3. taking medications( up to 12 weeks);
4. use of alcoholic beverages, smoking;
5. is an unfavorable ecological environment.

Most often with this form of the disease the bend retains its original localization, therefore it is called persistent( fixed).But sometimes there is an increased mobility of the muscular walls of the organ, as a result of which the deformation can change its shape. In this case, the mobile or labile bending of the gallbladder is diagnosed.

Acquired form of inflection is most often formed in adults under the influence of the following factors:

• inflammatory process in the gallbladder( cholecystitis, pericholecystitis) and pancreas( pancreatitis);
• sharp lifting of weights;
• inactivity, prolonged stay in a motionless, sitting position;
• formation of gallstones( cholelithiasis);
• omission of internal organs caused by weight loss in severe illnesses or severe diets;
• obesity, a metabolic disorder;
• liver disease( hepatitis, hepatosis, cirrhosis), leading to an increase in its size;
• violation of diet, when the period of fasting is replaced by overeating;
• consumption of fatty, spicy food, smoked products and other harmful products;

In addition, physicians classify pathology at the site of anomaly localization, since the bend may be located in the area of ​​the body, bottom, or neck of the gallbladder.

Types of the disease

Photo: US

To understand how the bend is formed, it is worth considering the anatomical structure of the gallbladder. The healthy organ is pear-shaped and consists of three parts( neck, body and bottom).The possibility of deformation of the bubble is explained by its structure. Inside, this organ is hollow, and its walls consist of a muscular membrane, which provokes its mobility.

The forms taken by the gall bladder can be very diverse during deformation. Pathology is usually detected on ultrasound, and on the screen of the monitor you can consider kinking in the form of a hook, an arc, an hourglass or even a double fold( S -shaped), which becomes the main cause of biliary dyskinesia.

The most dangerous consequences occur when the body of the gallbladder is bent. In this case, there are symptoms that require urgent medical attention or surgical intervention. But most often doctors diagnose the inflection of the neck of the gallbladder, which is also a dangerous condition, as over time the neck can completely dead, and bile, penetrating the abdominal cavity, will provoke the development of bile peritonitis.

Bend of the gallbladder is often diagnosed on the last days of pregnancy, since the uterus, which has become large, begins to press on the liver, gall bladder and disrupts the process of bile secretion.

Symptoms of

When the gallbladder is deformed, the course of the pathology is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. bloating, sensation of heaviness in the stomach after eating:
2. pain in the right hypochondrium and epistemia;
3. heartburn, belching with air;
4. attacks of nausea, vomiting;
5. digestive disorder, stool disorder( constipation or diarrhea);
6. lack of appetite;
7. smack of buckwheat in the mouth;
8. increased sweating, feverish condition.

At the doctor's office, patients complain of blunt, burgeoning pain in the right side, which can be very strong and give to the right shoulder blade, spine or collarbone.

The nature of the symptoms largely depends on the type of inflection of the gallbladder in an adult. If the deformity of the bladder has occurred along the longitudinal axis, then the symptoms, as a rule, are poorly expressed.

With a frequently diagnosed bend of the cervix of the gallbladder, there is a sudden attack of acute pain in the epigram, the temperature rises. The general weakness is heavier with nausea and vomiting. The disease is acute and if you do not seek medical help in a timely manner, the risk of bile exiting to the peritoneum increases.

If the constriction occurs between the body and the bottom of the gallbladder, there is a sharp pain in the right hypochondrium, which radiates into the scapula and spine. The patient complains of lack of appetite, nausea, excessive sweating, weakness, the complexion becomes gray or gives off yellow.

With repeated bending of the gallbladder, sharp pains appear, blood circulation in the organ is disturbed, spikes are formed, which contributes to the formation of gallstones and the development of cholelithiasis. The disease in this case is difficult and often requires surgical intervention. But such a deformation of the organ in several places is rare.

There is also a temporary bend of the gallbladder, which occurs when lifting weights or intense training. As a rule, this form of the disease is asymptomatic, with time the defect disappears and the organ restores its former form.

Dangerous consequences

The bend of the gallbladder leads to the fact that the body can not fully perform its function. Bile stagnates and there are conditions for the development of inflammation( cholecystitis) or the formation of bile calculi, which ends with cholelithiasis. A dangerous complication is the displacement of the stone and the blockage of the bile duct. This condition poses a serious threat to life and health and requires immediate surgical intervention.

Stagnant phenomena provoke digestive disorders, the absence of bile disrupts the process of splitting fats that enter the body with food. As a result, the concentration of fatty acids increases, which prevents the utilization of glucose. And this is a direct way to the development of diabetes.

Bile helps to excrete toxic decomposition products from the body( eg, bilirubin).If there is a lack or absence of a biological secret, this process is broken, the concentration of bilirubin in the blood rises, the load on the liver increases, which causes the symptoms of jaundice.

Lipoproteins, not split up to the end, are quickly deposited in the "fat stores" of the body, and turn into extra pounds. This explains why a person can eat quite a bit, but at the same time suffer from obesity. Another danger is a violation of absorption of fat-soluble vitamins( A, K, D, E), which leads to problems with vision, cardiovascular pathologies, deterioration of the skin and hair, and accelerates the aging process.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic method: MRI

Ultrasound( ultrasound) is considered the most informative method, which allows obtaining accurate information about the condition of the organ. In this case, you can not only visually see the pathological changes, but also to assess what functions are preserved, where the defect is localized and what is the condition of the cervix, body and gallbladder walls.

To determine the nature of the disease and to clarify what kind of deformation is present( congenital or acquired), ultrasound is done twice. First, examine the organ before eating, stimulating the secretion of bile, then - after eating. If the pathology is of an innate nature, then the deformation of the organ will be unchanged.

Treatment of inflection of the gallbladder

Congenital form of inflection in treatment does not need, a person can live with it all his life without experiencing unpleasant symptoms. Therapy of acquired pathology consists in taking medications, methods of physiotherapy, therapeutic gymnastics and observance of a certain, sparing diet.

Drugs for the treatment of bend of the gallbladder - a means with cholagogue and spasmolytic effect. The doctor selects medication individually, taking into account the clinical picture of the disease, the severity of the symptoms and the general condition of the patient. Let's list the most popular cholagogues in the bend of the gallbladder:

• Gepabene - is prescribed to eliminate stagnant phenomena, stimulate outflow of bile, eliminate pain syndrome and maintain liver function.
• Allochol is a common and inexpensive choleretic preparation based on bile cattle, extracts of garlic and nettle. The medication enhances the production of bile by the liver cells and increases the motor function of the bile ducts.
• Flamin is an effective remedy based on plant flavonoids and glycosides isolated from their immortelle. It shows anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, choleretic, analgesic and spasmolytic effects.
• Odeston is a cholagogue that not only accelerates the evacuation of bile, but also relieves spasm of the bile ducts, eliminating pain syndrome. But this synthetic drug has a lot of contraindications and side effects.
• Hofitol is an artichoke based phyto-drug with choleretic and hepatoprotective action. Helps to remove painful symptoms, eliminate stagnation and protect the liver.
• Ursofalk and its analogs are used if stones are formed in the gallbladder. The drugs stimulate the outflow of bile, cleave biliary calculi and restore the gallbladder.

In addition, there is a wide range of medicines based on plant and synthetic components that can be used in cases of impaired gallbladder function.

In addition to medicines, the doctor may prescribe herbal preparations with choleretic action( corn stigmas, yarrow, immortelle, mint, hawthorn).From them prepare broths and accept for a long time with the purpose of restoration of a bile secretion. The optimal scheme of therapy is selected by a specialist taking into account many factors, possible contraindications and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Therapeutic gymnastics

In case of inflection, therapeutic gymnastics will help not only to prevent further deterioration of the condition, but also to improve the functioning of the gallbladder. When there are typical symptoms, it is recommended to perform the following exercises:

• Lying on the abdomen to rest your toes on the floor and stretch your arms along the body. On exhaling, you need to simultaneously raise your head, chest and arms and lower limbs( without bending at the knees).Do not hold your breath to hold the pose for a few seconds, then as slowly as possible return to the starting position( on exhalation).Repeat 5 times.
• Lie on your back, straight arms to throw behind your head, lower your back to the floor. On exhalation, lift straight legs by 20 cm and hold for at least 5 seconds, then raise your legs even higher( by 50 cm) and also fix this position for 5 seconds. Watch that the breath does not stop, on the exhalation of the foot slowly lower. It is enough to repeat 4 times.
• Having adopted the starting position, as in the first exercise, we do respiratory gymnastics. After a deep breath, hold the air for 3 seconds, and then release it as slowly as possible while straining the muscles of the abdominal cavity. Repeat 10 times.

It is best to conduct classes under the guidance of an experienced instructor and at the same time closely monitor your health.

Physiotherapy

For relief of the condition with biliary colic, ultrasound therapy is used or electrophoresis with novocaine is applied to the gallbladder area. In addition, on the recommendation of a doctor, you can make a tjubazh based on Magnesia, Sorbitol and mineral water. Such a procedure will help clear the bladder from stagnant bile.

Diet in the bend of the gallbladder

Diet therapy for disorders of the gallbladder is the basis for a quick recovery. Nutritionists are advised to eat often( every three hours) and in small portions, that is, adhere to the principles of fractional nutrition. At inflection prescribe a therapeutic diet( table 5 A).From the diet completely eliminated all hot, fried, fatty and salty, any spices and condiments that irritate the gallbladder and increase inflammation. The following products are banned:

• fatty meat and fish;
• rich broth;
• offal, fat, smoked products;
• sausages, canned food;
• baked pastry and confectionery( especially with cream);
• dairy products with high fat content( milk, sour cream, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese, cheeses, etc.);
• beans( peas, beans, lentils);
• mushrooms;
• fish caviar;
• sharp and fatty sauces;
• spices, condiments;
• animal fats( especially butter);
• jam, honey, sugar, chocolate, cocoa, sweets;
• strong black coffee and tea;
• sour fruit( citrus fruits), grapes, dried fruits.

A complete ban applies to sweet soda, tonic and alcoholic beverages. When preparing dishes, use as little salt as possible. It is best to slightly add some ready-made meals. Frying, as a method of heat treatment should be eliminated and give preference to cooking, stewing, steaming or baking.

The list of allowed products includes:

• dietary meats( chicken, veal);
• low-fat fish, seafood;
• fasting soups;
• fresh vegetables and salads from them with vegetable oil;
• sweet fruit;
• porridge( buckwheat, pearl barley, oatmeal, millet, rice);
• pasta;
• low-fat cottage cheese, yogurt or yogurt;
• vegetable side dishes.

It is recommended to drink more liquid, preferably ordinary purified water or mineral water without gas. Juices from packages, soda, fruit drinks, compote of dried fruits include in the menu is not worth it. Try to eat in small portions( 5-6 times a day) and always in a warm form. Follow all the recommendations of your doctor and you will soon feel relieved.

Forecast

The prognosis of the disease is favorable in most cases. Increased motor activity, feasible physical activity, proper nutrition and taking medications prescribed by a doctor will soon produce a result and help avoid complications such as biliary dyskinesia and chronic cholecystitis.

Severe consequences can be observed only in one case - with the formation of gallstones. The danger arises when they begin to move and fall into the duct, completely blocking the outflow of bile, which threatens to rupture the walls of the gallbladder. In this case, the patient needs urgent medical assistance and a surgical operation to remove the organ.