Borreliosis. The symptoms and effects in humans, symptoms and treatment of photo

Lyme disease, symptoms and consequences of which are joint damage, heart muscle, nervous system and organs of vision, is an infectious disease carried by ticks.

The disease affects people of both sexes, all ages and races. Timely treatment provides a complete recovery. But in the absence of treatment Lyme disease becomes chronic, leading to disability and, in extreme cases - death.

The causes of disease

The cause of the disease is the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, whose length ranges from 11 to 25 microns. In appearance it is similar to a corkscrew spiral out unevenly twisted curls. It consists of axial yarns arranged around it with the cytoplasm and the outer shell. Microorganisms exercise their movement by means of the rotational movements.

In the wild reservoir of infection are wild warm-blooded animals, rodents and livestock. They do not manifest clinical disease as Borrelia are in spore forms. A carrier of the pathogen are ticks that have developed in the body of the spirochete and together with saliva when they bite into the body of man.

Risk factors

Risk factors include at borreliosis:

• deciduous forests, meadows;
• parks, lawns, local area with lush vegetation;
• From March to October;
• pets, mite on the body which can penetrate into the human habitation.

Among the risk groups are identified:

• residents of rural areas, adjacent to the forest area;
• hunters, fishermen, foresters;
• lovers of forest tourism and recreation.

There is a misconception that the infection does not occur if the tick is removed from the body within 12 hours after attachment. It is not backed up by statistical data and scientific basis of this theory does not exist.

Contagious disease or not is transmitted?

Lyme disease, the symptoms and the consequences of which can lead to irreversible changes in the body, is not transmitted from ill patient healthy person. Vector diseases are ticks, are found in saliva which spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.

The classification of diseases, developmental stage

In medicine, there are several classifications of borreliosis.

1. The shape of the flow:

• acute;
• chronic.

2. According to severity:

• easy;
• average;
• heavy.

3. On clinical grounds:

• erythema;
• bezeritemnaya.

The chronic form may take place continuously and with alternating periods of remission and relapse.

Advantageously, the incubation period of the disease after the introduction of Borrelia in a human body lasts between 7 to 14 days. However, with a strong infection, this period may be shortened. In medical practice account cases where the latent period lasted for several years.

Further disease successively subjected to 3 stages of development with characteristic symptoms. Provided timely competent treatment borreliosis ends complete recovery, and in the absence of appropriate therapy it becomes chronic.

disease symptoms

Lyme disease, the symptoms and the consequences of which may vary depending on the place of defeat, the immune system of the patient and the efficiency of treatment, occurs in 3 stages.

stage I

show clinical signs of disease on peroy step, similar to other infections, which makes early diagnosis.

These include:

• fever;
• muscle, headache and joint pain;
• lethargy;
• fatigue;
• excessive weakness, even without physical exertion.

Significantly next clinic may occur less frequently:

• nausea and vomiting;
• runny nose;
• inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx;
• conjunctivitis;
• stiffness in the neck muscles.

A characteristic symptom of distinguishing Lyme disease from other diseases, erythema annulare is migrating. It is an annular redness, diffusely spreading from the bite at a distance of 10 to 30 cm. In this area, there is a strong itching, burning or pain.

Besides erythema on the skin can form multiple petechial rash or hives. According to statistics, in 5-7% of patients manifested symptoms of Lyme disease brain lesions already at stage I.

These include:

• persistent headache;
• frequent vomiting;
• throwing the head back;
• pressing down the legs to the abdomen;
• photophobia;
• aggravated tactile sensitivity.

In rare cases, patients with Lyme disease develops anicteric hepatitis, which is characterized by:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• reduction or complete lack of appetite;
• liver enlargement;
• pain in the right hypochondrium.

In 6% of infected patients Stage I is asymptomatic.

When time begun correctly selected treatment after the first stage may come full recovery. But without proper therapy develops later stage of the disease, which comprises the steps II and III.

stage II

After 1-3 months after infection with a spirochete current biological fluids are carried to all organs and systems of the human body. There is a neurological and cardiac clinic.

Neurological diseases:

• meningitis;
• pleocytosis;
• inflammation of the spinal roots;
• paresis of the cranial nerves.

Symptoms of these lesions:

• severe throbbing headache;
• photophobia;
• fast fatiguability;
• stiff neck muscles and back of the neck;
• impaired concentration;
• memory disorders;
• uncontrolled abrupt swings of mood;
• sided facial paralysis.

For borreliosis characterized by the combination with signs of meningitis signs lesions of peripheral nerves, most often manifested as cervico-thoracic radiculitis.

Cardio-vascular system observed myocarditis and pericarditis, transverse blockade, manifested by the following symptoms:

• heart palpitations;
• pain in the chest area;
• dyspnea;
• dizziness.

In some patients, Borrelia provoke the formation of benign lymphocyte on the face, genitals, breasts or earlobes. These tumors have a kind of bright crimson edematous plaques, painful on palpation.

Because of the ability to penetrate into all the body's systems, Borrelia may also cause injury to other organs, manifested angina, nephritis, hepatitis, orchitis and other pathologies.

stage III

6-24 months after the acute phase may occur:

• chronic or recurrent arthritis;
• arthralgia;
• atrophic acrodermatitis;
• progressive encephalopathy;
• vasculitis cerebral vessels;
• some varieties of psychosis;
• recurrent meningitis;
• atrophic acrodermatitis;
• localized scleroderma.

Borreliosis in chronic manifested symptoms of arthritis, and lymphocyte akrodermatitov, the consequence of which is skin atrophy.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of Lyme disease is made by:

• anamnestic data;
• the clinical picture;
• laboratory data.

When collecting medical history is taken into account visiting the forest, the presence of ticks on the body or the site of the bite, the spring and autumn period.

The basis for the initial diagnosis is the detection of a patient's body at the erythema migrans.

Laboratory research

Isolation of spirochetes in pure cultures of infected tissue sections, blood or cerebrospinal fluid is ineffective method. Therefore an accurate diagnosis using reactions which are based on detection of antibodies in these fluids to borrelia.

These include:

• RNIF;
• ELISA;
• PCR;
• immunoblotting.

If in the indirect immunofluorescence antibody titer of more than 1:64, the diagnosis is confirmed borreliosis. Immunoassay is a qualitative reaction. Therefore, the pathogen detection is considered a positive result.

In order to monitor the disease dynamics of the patient prescribe repeated research RNIF and ELISA after 4-6 weeks.

In setting up PCR and immunoblotting directly detect pathogens and determine their amount. However, the complexity and high cost of doing these reactions less popular.

hardware diagnostics

Lyme disease, the symptoms and the consequences of which are variable and unpredictable, can trigger latent pathology of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. For their timely detection is necessary to conduct X-rays of the joints, as well as ECG and ultrasound of the heart.

treatment of the disease

Proper treatment borreliosis is a comprehensive approach, which includes etiotropic and pathogenetic agents, diet therapy and folk remedies that accelerate healing.

medicines

A prerequisite treatment borreliosis is the use of antimicrobials. The name means, the dosage, route of administration and the duration of the course determines the infectious diseases doctor, depending on:

• stage and severity of the disease;
• related pathologies;
• Individual features of the patient;
• laboratory results.

Effective antibacterial agents:

• tetracycline (Only in the early period) - 1.0-1.5 g / d, of 10 to 14 days.
• doxycycline (For skin lesions) - of 0.1 g / 2 r. per day, for 10 days.;
• penicillin (With lesions of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, arthralgia) - 200 000 IU / kg per day / m or / in, from 14 to 30 days .;
• ampicillin - 0.1 g / kg per day, days 10-30 .;
• ceftriaxone (In neurologic disorders, arthritis) - 0.1 g / kg per day / in 14 days .;
• erythromycin (Intolerance to other antibiotics) - 30 ml / kg per day, from 10 to 30.; days.
• azithromycin (Sumamed.) - 0.5 grams per day, 3-5 days.

In chronic drug use penicillin retarpen depot at a dose of 2.4 million. 1 U every 7 days. 3 weeks. Pathogenetic therapy depends on clinical signs of borreliosis in a particular person.

It includes:

• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Indomethacin);
• analgesics (Nimesil, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen);
• parenterally detoxification solutions;
• immunosuppressants (Plaquenil);
• probiotics (Lineks);
• antihistamines (Tavegil, Citrine).

In order to enhance immunity and rapid recovery of the body appointed vitamin-mineral complexes or monopreparations.

It is forbidden to independently interrupt the course of treatment, modify the dosing regimen, replacing their counterparts.

Folk remedies

The combination of folk remedies with medication in the treatment of borreliosis can speed recovery.

Recipe №1:

1. Take 5 g of white clay pharmacy.
2. Add 0.25 L of pure water at room temperature.
3. Leave overnight.
4. Morning, stir and drink on an empty stomach for 15-20 minutes. before meals.

White clay removes intoxication.

Recipe №2:

1. Take equal parts roots motherwort and valerian, oregano, St. John's wort, horsetail, calendula flowers and lime, blackberry leaves, hawthorn berries.
2. Chop, mix.
3. Collect 50 g of mixture.
4. Fill 0.35 liters of boiling water.
5. Infuse for 15-20 minutes.
6. Strain.
7. Drinking of 0.1 l for 15 min. before meals 3 times a day.

The course of treatment is 1 month. Infusion tones, detoxifies and accelerates tissue regeneration.

Recipe №3:

1. Take equal parts of St. John's wort, lemon balm, rosemary and blueberries.
2. Chop, mix.
3. 1 tbsp. l. Pour mixture of 0.2 liters of boiling water.
4. Wait for the cool down.
5. Strain.
6. Drink for 1 times in the morning before eating.

Infusion used for disorders of the nervous system.

Recipe №4:

1. Put in a thermos 1 tbsp. l. one of the herbs (comfrey, horsetail or nettles).
2. Pour 0.5 liters of boiling water.
3. Infuse 60 min.
4. Divide into 3 equal portions and eat before eating hot 3 times a day.

Every 30 days. grass should be alternated. These infusions help to rid the body of pathogens borreliosis.

Recipe №5:

1. Take 1 tbsp. l. tansy, wormwood and immortelle.
2. Pour 0.25 l of boiling water.
3. Insist 30 min.
4. Drink for 15 minutes. before breakfast.

These bitter herbs stimulate the liver, improving its filtration capacity and accelerating output of toxic substances from the blood and lymph. A month later, the plants should be replaced with milk thistle or calendula.

diet therapy

The aim of the diet during borreliosis is the reduction of inflammation in the body, providing receipts all essential nutrients, creating an alkaline environment in the blood, preventing reproduction spirochetes.

Grocery list:

Product groups	allowed	Prohibited
Vegetables	Cauliflower	Potatoes
Carrot	pulse
Onion	mushrooms
cucumbers
Bell pepper
tomatoes
Sauerkraut
Broccoli
Fruits	apples	grapes
lemons
Avocado
pears
peaches
watermelons
Meat	Chicken	Pork
Turkey	Mutton
Rabbit	Beef
quail	Sausage, canned, smoked
crops	Arnovka	Millet
Buckwheat	polished rice
Brown rice
Barley grits
Bakery products	Bakery sourdough	All varieties of yeast bread
Bran or whole grain bread	Bread made from flour
Milk products	Yogurt without sugar
Kefir
Dried fruits	All kinds of dried fruits	—
Beverages	Green tea	Black tea
vegetable juices	fruit juices

Nutritionists do not recommend eating fish, because it refers to the allergenic foods.

An exception is made for oily ocean fish varieties grown in the wild, due to its content in the meat of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids.

Drinking coffee at this point remains ambiguous. Earlier this drink is constantly included in the list of forbidden foods for liver and gastrointestinal tract.

However, recent studies have shown a positive effect on the organs and systems, as well as its ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Therefore, a growing number of experts recommend drinking 1-2 cups a day of coffee with cinnamon and turmeric.

Also, nutritionists advise to adhere to the principles of separation of food and completely eliminate from the diet of sugar, sweets and confectionery products.

Sample menu

• Breakfast: salad or juice from green vegetables, a piece of toast from grain bread, green tea.
• Snack: any permitted fruit or dried fruit.
• Dinner: roasted, stewed or boiled meat (fish) in a quantity of 100-150 g, not starchy vegetables, greens. Alternatively, you can prepare salads, steamed vegetables with butter or sesame milk thistle, vegetable soup on a weak meat broth.
• Snack: cup yogurt or yogurt with fruit addition.
• Dinner: boiled fish, salad of green vegetables and herbs.
• Before bedtime: soothing cup of herbal tea.

Signs not dolechennogo borreliosis

Lyme disease, the symptoms and the consequences of which largely depend on the timely treatment and selection drugs can pass into the chronic form, provided by the patient non-compliance with instructions for their application.

Signs not dolechennogo borreliosis develop on the background of general decline in the body's resistance. The patient becomes susceptible to infectious diseases, he aggravated a chronic disease, often manifest clinical signs of herpes, developed chronic fatigue syndrome.

Scientists have found that not dolechenny borreliosis could trigger vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.

Prognosis and complications

The prognosis for borreliosis is mainly determined by the timely identification of the pathogen and conduct adequate treatment. Subject of the items physicians predict favorable outcome, a complete recovery after the first stage of the disease and the lack of complications.

If due to certain factors disease proceeds in II or III stage, the prognosis is placed cautious the patient is transferred to the dispensary treatment for 12 months with regular condition monitoring body. In the case of involvement in the pathological process of the joints and nervous system lesions prognosis is unfavorable.

Complications borreliosis, caused by untimely or substandard care, as well as the individual characteristics of the body are:

• frequent headaches, not to eliminate conventional analgesics;
• paresis of the muscles of the upper and lower extremities;
• seizures;
• deformation and degeneration of the joints;
• encephalomyelitis;
• incoordination;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• development of dementia;
• facial asymmetry as a result of paralysis of the facial nerve;
• iridocyclitis.

With the development of pathologies that reduce the ability to work, the person assigned to the disability.

How many live with Lyme disease?

The life of patients with Lyme disease is determined by the weight of them provoked symptoms and complications. Extensive neurological lesions can lead to death within a few months. However, not uncommon for chronic Lyme passed the stage of long-term remission with occasional relapses, allowing a person to maintain the ability to work.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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