Sputum with blood - a dangerous symptom that shows the development of serious diseases. It may be tuberculosis, malignant tumor, pneumonia and other diseases of the respiratory system. The patient with the listed diseases, together with phlegm from the throat expectorated blood. In some cases, mucus mixed with blood supplemented with a whitish or yellow pus, which shows the development of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
symptomatology
Sputum is a mucous discharge, from the body which coughs during coughing. This is a natural process, which is needed to cleanse the body. Normally, mucus secretion contains glands that are located in the walls of the bronchial tubes. Additionally it is often are dust particles, microorganisms or pus. In the event of the secret released, in which there are veins or blood clots.
If the patient revealed characteristic symptoms, coughing up blood manifests itself constantly, we are talking about severe pathology. The fact that an urgent need to see a doctor, indicate the following characteristics:
- Blood from the nasopharynx;
- sudden weight loss;
- a steady rise in temperature;
- chest pain;
- labored breathing, shortness of breath;
- night sweats;
- fatigue, weakness;
- loss of appetite or no.
These symptoms in conjunction with a bleeding neck point to a number of diseases: tuberculosis, lung cancer, bronchitis, pneumonia and intestinal worms (parasites of the body's disease).
With cough
Blood streaks in sputum by coughing often do not appear from the respiratory tract and from the intestine or stomach. If the throat is bleeding, to distinguish these types of selections can be difficult, but experts have identified a number of grounds on which this can be done:
- before coughing, throat slight tingling sensation may be felt;
- blood in cough and frothy allocated different bright scarlet hue;
- coughing up blood, accompanied by nausea and discomfort in the stomach;
- the consistency of expectorated blood resembles thick paint.
If the cough is a bacterial pathology means, then, along with blood-streaked sputum in bronchitis and other diseases appear purulent discharge. It can be white, yellow or green. Often there is blood from the nose and throat with expectoration of phlegm from the throat. Doctors attribute this to the fact that the airways are related, so the mucus moves with nasopharyngeal and throat blood.
without coughing
In some cases, the accumulated phlegm in the throat, but not accompanied by cough shock. This may occur in viral diseases, abuse of tobacco products and gastrointestinal diseases, where the stomach contents thrown back into the esophagus. If you see blood in the throat with expectoration without cough, the cause may be a serious infectious or inflammatory diseases as well as malignant tumors.
If the throat is bleeding, pathological processes can be developed in the larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Most often, this cancer, but in some cases we are talking about inflammation. Sputum with blood without coughing thick and has a sharp smell smelly.
The classification of the causes of
Hemoptysis - a process, which is directly expectoration of blood or bloody sputum from the respiratory tract. Blood is released from the bronchial vessels under high pressure. This occurs when severe inflammation, malignancy in vessels or increasing the pressure in the left atrium.
If the patient is diagnosed with hemoptysis, the reasons may be as follows:
- Inflammation of the bronchi and irreversible expansion of certain parts of the body, tuberculosis and malignant tumors in the lung, pneumonia of bacterial origin. These diseases are the most common cause of hemoptysis.
- left ventricular failure, pulmonary embolism, lung injury. This is a list of reasons that are less common.
- bleeding diathesis, Aspergillosis, connective tissue disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus, granulomatous vasculitis, parasitic organism defeat. These factors may lead to hemoptysis, but it happens much less often.
Among the causes of hemoptysis, includes receiving a number of drugs. Most often, this group of drugs are anticoagulants, fibrinolytic agents, acetylsalicylic acid and cocaine.
true hemoptysis
If the patient has to cough up blood causes disease may be different. Therefore, doctors distinguish true and false hemoptysis. In the first case, blood is released from the respiratory tract in pure form or in the form of streaks. This symptom is common in people older than 45 years.
false hemoptysis
If blood comes out of the throat of a false hemoptysis, pathology factor often diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Sputum with blood is not released from the respiratory tract by coughing, and from the intestine or stomach. It may be brown, have a foamy texture and sour odor.
What is this disease
Many patients who experience this symptom, do not understand why the throat is bleeding, and wondering what it means. Doctors say that for this feature is worth a number of diseases, and in the diagnosis is important to consider the accompanying symptoms.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - a widespread infectious disease caused by a bacillus of Koch. Most often, this pathology affects the lungs, which is why the patient expectorated sputum with blood. Doctors are the following causes of tuberculosis:
- dependence on alcohol, drugs and tobacco products;
- anomalies of the structure of the respiratory system;
- chronic inflammation in the respiratory tract (including acute diseases in history);
- the presence of the chronic nature of the pathologies in other organs and tissues;
- malfunction of the endocrine system (including diabetes mellitus);
- unbalanced nutrition, wherein the body has not been sufficient vitamins and minerals;
- low stress, depression;
- pregnancy and breastfeeding the baby;
- unfavorable conditions of residence or work.
These risk factors lead to the fact that the patient's immune system is weakened because of what likely to develop becomes higher.
At the initial stage of the disease symptoms are absent. But then the person feel worse, there can be blood from the throat, there is an uncontrollable temper, and drastically reduced weight. Night sweats - another sign that helps to recognize the development of the disease. However, this same symptom occurs in cancer, and the patient should undergo further diagnostic procedures.
TB - a serious disease that is treated on an outpatient basis. Human placed in a medical institution is sent to a number of diagnostic procedures and prescribe medicines for complex treatment. This anti-tuberculosis drugs and medications designed to boost the immune system.
worm infestation
Helminthiasis - a condition caused by penetration into the body of parasitic organisms. Causative agents of disease may be roundworm, pinworm, hookworm, hlystoviki, toxocara. If the patient's blood is released from the bottle, it could be contamination of the listed microorganisms.
Reason helminthic infestation - failure to comply with rules of personal hygiene and a weakened immune system of the patient. Infection occurs through contaminated food and water. It is also possible percutaneous route of infection, when bacteria penetrate through the damaged skin. However, most often the cause of the disease is to negligence in handling foodstuffs. Worms infected people who wash their hands often enough, is not subjected to thermal processing of food and drink poor quality, not subject to the processes of boiling water.
To avoid infection, doctors recommend products subject to heat treatment and to drink boiled water. Experts advise not to purchase products of dubious quality, as this increases the risk of infection.
In an infected person stands out blood from the nose and throat. In addition to blood veins in the sputum, is a sign of helminthiasis, there are other symptoms:
- dyspepsia, flatulence, change in stool;
- inflammation and pain in the joints;
- skin rash, burning and itching;
- decreased hemoglobin;
- deterioration of the skin and hair;
- weakness and fatigue;
- unstable emotional state, constant irritability;
- sleep disorders: insomnia, excessive salivation, and the creak of the teeth during sleep, increased anxiety.
Another sign, which helps detect worm infestation, - increased sensitivity to allergens. Whereas previously people did not suffer from allergic reactions or other manifestations of a weakened immune system, it appears in the defeat of worms and blood allergy to dust, pollen, animal dander.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia - unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, in which the blood-streaked sputum may occur. This is an acute inflammatory disease, which can be caused by a group of pathogens:
- Gram-positive microorganisms: pneumococci, staphylococci and streptococci;
- influenza viruses, herpes simplex and parainfluenza, adenovirus, and fungal microorganisms;
- mycoplasmas;
- Gram-negative microorganisms: Haemophilus influenzae and E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Legionella.
Other factors leading to pneumonia: entering the body of toxic substances and allergens, ionizing radiation, chest trauma.
Patients with pneumonia phlegm is coughed up; in severe cases it may be streaked with blood. The disease is characterized by a steady increase in temperature, fever, sweating, weakness. The blood from the throat is rare. This occurs most often in the advanced stages of the disease when treatment was provided late or not enough properly.
Cancer
Among the most common causes of hemoptysis, doctors distinguish cancerous tumor in lung. It is a malignant neoplasm, which begins to form in the tissues of the lung parenchyma and bronchi. It is a collection of mutated cells that divide uncontrollably and in the absence of therapy metastasize to other organs.
Factors that increase the risk of lung cancer are: the abuse of tobacco products, unfavorable ecology, the effects of radiation.
Malignant tumors can be recognized by a number of symptoms:
- a steady rise in temperature;
- chest pain;
- night sweats;
- hoarseness;
- coughing up blood;
- violation of lymphatic and venous drainage from the upper part of the body;
- swelling of the veins in the chest, neck and arms;
- swelling and redness of the face.
In severe cases, possible impairment of consciousness and visual disturbances. Patients bleeding throat, often a headache.
Surgery on the respiratory organs of structures
Surgical intervention is required in cases when the disease is diagnosed at an advanced stage. Most often, this method of treatment prescribed to patients with cancer. During the rehabilitation period, the patient can go to the blood from his throat. Cause of hemoptysis in this case lies in the failure to comply with professional advice.
In more rare cases, patients appears when coughing up sputum with blood and pus. The reason for this symptom - a bacterial infection. In this case, doctors prescribe antibiotics which are used not only for treatment but also for prevention of the disease.
bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis - pathology in which the bronchi undergo irreversible changes. They expanded and deformed, because of what the function is limited.
Doctors are allocated a number of signs of the disease:
- discharge of blood from the larynx and throat;
- weakness, headache;
- pale skin;
- dyspnea;
- chest deformity.
Coughing up blood in bronchitis and bronchiectasis heavy and almost continuous. Sputum is released in large quantities - per day of the body goes up to several hundred ml of mucoid material mixed with pus and blood veins.
Purulent inflammation of the bronchial tree leads to the fact that the patient is exhausted. Man has problems with the appetite and rapidly loses weight. If bronchiectasis appears in children, they lag behind in the sexual and physical development.
The defeat of the thorax traumatic
Damage to the chest affect the internal organs and the bones which form its skeleton. This condition may occur as a result of rib fractures and injuries of the heart and lungs. Often, it is a serious condition, pose a great threat to the health and even the life of the patient. Formed blood mouth when coughing signals lung injury and blood vessels. In this case, the possible accession of viral, fungal or bacterial infection. Together with blood can hawk sputum and purulent discharge.
Even at the slightest damage to the bones and internal organs will appear sharp pain that can not be ignored. Self-medication in this case is unacceptable.
When and to what doctor to go
As soon as you notice at coughing up blood, immediately contact your general practitioner. The specialist will examine you, examine the history and listen to complaints. Depending on the physician obtained information can be directed to the oncologist, pulmonologist, TB specialist, allergist, infectious diseases. They are specialists who treat cancer, lower respiratory tract pathologies, tuberculosis, allergies, infectious diseases.
Remember that self-medication in this case is unacceptable. People facing throat bleeding, do not always relate to the symptom is responsible, which is a fatal mistake. This symptom can indicate a malignant tumor that can not be cured at home with the help of folk remedies and tinctures.
Diagnosis and treatment
Cough with blood may be caused by a variety of diseases. In order to find out the cause of this symptom, the patient must undergo the following procedures:
- Initial inspection. The doctor will examine the chest and listen breathing with a stethoscope - special device designed for listening to sounds from the heart, blood vessels, lungs and bronchi.
- Analysis of blood and sputum. Specialist biological material takes and examines it in the laboratory. The analysis results show the character of the inflammation and help to identify the causative agent (in this case, if the suspected infectious nature of the disease).
- Chest X-ray. This non-invasive research, in which X-rays are used. They can be used to identify the shape, the position and condition of tone mucosal organs.
- CT scan. This is another method, which is based on X-rays. The pictures obtained during the CT scan, the doctor can see internal organs, blood vessels and skeletal system from different angles. With this method, the doctor can determine why blood is released when hawking.
- Cpirometriya. This study is designed to determine the airway and how easily able to crack down on their own.
- Bronchial challenge test. Initially, the patient inhales the methacholine or histamine, and then passes spirometry. Then he needs to inhale the drug again. Results before and after inhalation compared. The test helps to identify bronchospasm, which arose as a reaction to the allergen.
If necessary, performed several procedures to help understand why the patient is bleeding from the throat. These include: assessment of external respiration, blood gas study, examination of the mucous membrane from the inside of the bronchi, the study of blood vessels and consulting pulmonologist.
When hemoptysis treatment therapy begins with the underlying disease (pneumonia, tuberculosis, cancer, helminthiasis, etc). In addition, a patient is assigned as follows:
- If the morning hemoptysis appears due to dry cough, and sputum is not separated, the patient appointed mucolytics. This group of drugs that thin the mucus and facilitate its expectoration of blood in the mornings and at other times.
- Cold preparations. Assigned when exhausting cough, which does not stop for a long time. Suppress cough shock than help to alleviate the patient's condition.
- Hemostatic agents. Bleeding from throat suggests that blood clotting is reduced and weakened vessels. To remedy this situation, the doctor prescribes medication, intended to improve the properties of the blood and blood vessels protection.
To finally get rid of the blood in the sputum expectorated in the morning, these drugs are not enough. Therapy is a long and complex work on the treatment of the patient, which can last for years in some cases. This applies to diseases such as tuberculosis and lung cancer.
Possible consequences
If blood from the throat in the morning stands out for a long time, the human body is depleted. This leads to anemia, weakened immunity and the accession of new diseases. Prolonged coughing up blood can lead to a short-term loss of consciousness and vomiting.
