Monocytes - these are some of the major types of white blood cellsWhich are mononuclear cells and are agranulocytes group. Are the most active phagocytes, which play an important role in the immune system, protecting the body tissues from infectious and inflammatory processes.
In women, the rate of monocytes is determined based on the results of biochemical blood tests, taking into account the patient's age. Transcription analysis is performed by a qualified physician hematologist information data table of optimum values monocytic cell group.
The content of the article:
- 1 Functions in the body
- 2 How and under what conditions is produced
- 3 Table OK
- 4 Symptoms of increase and decrease
- 5 The reasons for increases and decreases
- 6 Indications for study
- 7 How to determine the
- 8 Preparation and analysis
- 9 Decoding results
- 10 When to see a doctor
-
11 How to bring back to normal
- 11.1 Medications
- 11.2 Traditional methods
- 11.3 Other methods
- 12 possible complications
- 13 Video of monocytes
Functions in the body
Monocytes - a phagocyte, which is a part of the peripheral blood. The diameter of the leukocyte cells does not exceed 18-20 microns, and in its center there is a polymorphic nucleus, which is characterized by the presence of loose chromatin network.
A feature of monocytes is that they are just as lymphocytes contain a non-segmented nucleus. Externally monocyte cell has a bean shape, which is filled with a large number of cytoplasmic fluid with high concentration of lysosome.
In women, the rate of large white blood cell is determined by the results of the full-scale blood tests, taking into account the age of the patient, and the resulting information data are entered in a special table of clinical parameters.
In people with healthy lymphatic and hematopoietic system of circulating monocytes in the general flow bloodstream for 20-40 hours, and then migrate into the soft tissue, where they transform in macrophages. Since that time, they become part of the body's immune system.
The highest concentration of monocytic cells concentrated in the lymph nodes and tissues of the liver, spleen, lung. Leukocytes this type have a high mobility.
In case of acute inflammation, penetration into the body of pathogenic organisms, they are able to to change their location, along with the blood flow moving to the site of disease and participate in the overall immune response body. Monocytes also perform the following functions.
| The main functions of monocytes | Characteristics monocytic cell activity in humans |
| Phagocytosis | phagocytosis function is that monocytic cells, which are located in the tissues of the internal organs and lymph nodes, prevent the occurrence of inflammatory and infectious processes More in step penetration of germs into the body person. Monocytic cells first attack fungal spores, bacteria and viruses which are put into the blood direction, were brought together with a stream of air or infiltrated into an open wound on the skin surface body. After neutralizing pathogens monocytes cleaved by digesting them, thereby replenishing own energy costs. |
| Stimulation of the immune system response | Once the largest white blood cells first to respond to infectious invasion, launches the rest of the immune response mechanisms. The body directs all efforts to neutralize the biological agents. The faster monocytes respond to bacterial infection of the body, viral, or fungal infection, the faster the overall immune system begins to fight the process for the stable livelihoods of all organs and tissues. |
| Removal of mutated cells | For the human body and reborn mutated cells are potentially dangerous biological agents. They are able to create a favorable framework for the development of neoplastic processes. Of mutated cells can form benign and cancerous tumors, localized in the connective, bone, and other types of epithelial tissues. Monocytes detect, bind and is removed from the body reborn cells before they manifest their pathogenic activity. |
| Purification tissues against pathogenic microorganisms and cell fragments | Mechanical injury, acute infectious inflammation, and other tissue damage leading to that the hearth pathologies large number of defective cells and bacterial concentrates microorganisms. Monocytes were first sent to the damaged areas of the skin or soft tissue, purify them from the cell debris and have a bactericidal effect. With this feature, there is a rapid recovery of white blood cells of the skin and soft tissue regeneration. |
| immune memory | Monocytes accumulating information data on pathogens that enter the blood stream channel or epithelial tissue, and exhibit pathogenic activity were inactivated as a result of an immune response. The next generation of monocytic cell groups already know how to act against a particular strain of infectious microorganisms, which substantially increases the protective function of the immune system. |
| cytokine synthesis | In humans, cytokines serve as informational molecules that are peptide type. They take an active part in the mobilization of protective mechanisms of the immune system in response to the increasing inflammation. Cytokines are physiological regulators of humoral and cellular immunity. they also have their own functional activity, providing antiviral and cytotoxic protection of the human body. |
Monocytic phagocytes groups operate synchronously, saturating region of inflammatory or infectious process to provide a full immune response.
How and under what conditions is produced
Previously, scientists believed hematologists that the phagocytes of this type are formed in the reticuloendothelial system. Recent scientific studies have shown that the synthesis of monocytes occurs in the bone marrow tissues.
In the bloodstream are released already mature white blood cells that have the most potent phagocytic properties. Maturation of the cells is carried out for a further 5 days, and then they become part of the peripheral blood.
The process of synthesis of monocytes is inhibited reception period preparations from the group of glucocorticoids, as well as if the person is a long time under constant stress. In this regard, there is a reduction of immunity, and the human body becomes more susceptible to infection with infectious, viral and fungal microorganisms.
Table OK
Monocytes (the norm in women by age, clinical data table is compiled on the basis of a diagnostic examination of the body) - a leukocyte cell groups that are defined in terms of biochemical laboratory. For healthy children, men and women who do not suffer from pathologies of the hematopoietic system, the normal concentration of monocytic cells is as follows.
| Age | The percentage of phagocytes in the cellular composition of blood |
| A newborn baby age 2 weeks | From 5 to 15% |
| Children aged from 2 weeks to 1 year | From 4 to 9% |
| A child between the ages of 1 year to 2 years | From 3 to 10% |
| Children from 2 to 15 years | From 3 to 9% |
| Boys and girls over 15 years old | From 3 to 11% |
| Adult men and women | From 4 to 11% |
Indicators rules phagocytes in the blood of men and women are identical. As natural aging, acquisition comorbidities abuse addictions concentration monocytic cells may decrease or increase. The main thing is that the indicators of the biochemical analysis of blood remained in the above limits.
Symptoms of increase and decrease
Increasing the level of phagocytes it is almost always associated with the existing disease of the internal organs or soft tissue.
In this case, a woman experiences the following symptoms:
- rise in body temperature that can be maintained in the range of from 37 to 40 degrees Celsius;
- severe headache, chills, fever;
- epigastric pain, nausea and possible adherence selection vomit;
- shortness of breath, feeling short of breath and heart palpitations;
- frequent urination;
- partial or complete loss of appetite;
- possible disorder of the intestine, which is expressed in a fit of liquid diarrhea (this symptom manifests itself in the event that there was an infectious invasion of the gastrointestinal organs);
- red rash, hives, swelling, which appear in various parts of the body, and are accompanied by severe itching;
- inflammation of the oral mucosa, tonsil edema, gingivitis.
Signs enhance monocyte levels can be expressed in other pathological states of the organism. It all depends on what kind of disease, triggered a surge in the phagocytic activity of the immune system.
Reducing the concentration of monocytes is most often seen by the following symptoms:
- inclination of the organism to frequent colds, infectious, viral and fungal diseases;
- feeling of constant fatigue;
- reduction capability;
- drowsiness;
- ulcerative lesion of the skin surface and the development of various types of dermatitis;
- change in the biochemical composition of the blood;
- dyspnea;
- tachycardia and other signs of the rhythmic activity of the heart.
As in the case of increasing the level of monocytes, reducing their concentration also indicates the presence of an acute or chronic disease organism, or else is a consequence of abundant blood loss.
The reasons for increases and decreases
Monocytes (the norm in women by age, clinical data table compiled according to the results of the diagnostic examination of the body) - are blood cells that are part of the immune system, and increase their concentration It indicates the possible presence of the following diseases:
- helminth infection of the digestive system;
- invasion of bacterial, viral and fungal microorganisms;
- Tuberculosis of the lymphatic system or the lung tissue;
- typhoid fever;
- all kinds of diseases, sexually transmitted diseases (most sharp burst activity of monocytes is observed in the case of syphilis infection);
- brucellosis;
- malignant lymphoma etiology;
- monocytic leukemias specific type;
- Blood loss of malaria;
- all kinds of malignant tumors, which are located in any part of the body;
- gerpevirusnaya infection, which was in the chronic form of the flow, and then moved to a worsening stage;
- endocarditis and rheumatoid tissue destruction;
- skin lesions associated with infectious organisms parasitic activity, acute allergic reaction, or mechanical trauma.
During menstruation, most women may be a slight increase in the level of monocytes, which comes back to normal after 2-3 days after the menstrual period. Such a reaction of the organism is not a pathology.
Reduced phagocytes concentrations may be due to the following reasons:
- internal bleeding;
- postoperative tissue repair;
- severe traumatic brain injury;
- malignant tumors in the bone marrow;
- Long-term therapy with prednisolone, cytotoxic drugs and immunosuppressants;
- a state of shock;
- prolonged stay in conditions of mental and emotional strain, and stress;
- the postpartum period;
- the presence of aplastic anemia.
Lowering the level of phagocytes is not less alarming than the increase of the numerical quantity. The causes of the change in blood cell composition, must be installed in a biochemical laboratory.
Indications for study
Monocytes (the norm in women by age, clinical data table compiled according to the results of the diagnostic examination of the body) - are large white blood cells that play a key role in the full functioning of the immune system.
Direct indications for the analysis of the level of phagocytes is the presence of the following symptoms:
- frequent and unjustified bowel disorder;
- fever without obvious signs of inflammation;
- tachycardia, and violation of the rhythmic activity of the heart;
- dyspnea;
- dizziness and physical weakness;
- fatigue after slight exertion;
- infectious and inflammatory diseases of the skin;
- chronic disease of the nasopharynx, upper and lower respiratory tract;
- allergic reactions in the acute or chronic form.
The need for analysis at the level of phagocytes in the blood serum is determined by the attending physician that performs the initial examination of the patient.
How to determine the
monocyte level is determined by laboratory studies of blood on the percentage of vital cells. For diagnosis suitable capillary and venous blood.
Simultaneously with phagocytes level identified leukocyte concentration. Comparative analysis of qualitative blood provides an opportunity to establish the degree of severity of infectious-inflammatory process, which progresses in the female body.
Preparation and analysis
Blood sampling for analysis is performed exclusively in the morning of day during the period from 07-00 to 10-00 hours. Biological material for rent on an empty stomach.
In the run-up to the study need to abide by the following rules:
- do not drink alcohol (for 24 hours prior to analysis);
- a day before going to the lab to prevent fatigue of the body;
- 48 hours before giving blood to avoid nervous strain;
- the last meal should take place the night before;
- Do not smoke on the day of analysis.
At the point of delivery of blood must arrive in advance to within 10-15 min. it was time to relax. Before the study is not allowed to drink 250 ml of boiled water. Collection of blood is carried out under sterile conditions biochemical laboratory. To analyze enough from 5 to 10 ml of biological material. Results of the study can be found on the hands after 2-3 days.
Decoding results
Monocytes (the norm in women by age, clinical data table compiled according to the results of the diagnostic examination of the body) - this is the phagocytic cells of the immune system.
To manually decipher the results of laboratory studies, it is necessary to compare the data mapped in the medical report, from the physiological norm. Raising or lowering the concentration of cells is the first sign of possible presence of the disease.
When to see a doctor
Even in the case of a minor deviation from the level of monocyte performance standards need to seek the advice of a doctor, a hematologist, physician or infectious diseases. Doctors performed the initial examination of the patient, as well as appoint a more detailed study of an organism.
How to bring back to normal
Restoring the normal level of monocytes is only possible if the treatment is carried out of the main disease. The following means may be used depending on the type of underlying disease.
Medications
In the event that a violation of the norms of monocytes caused by a bacterial infection, can be used the following types of medicines:
-
erythromycin - a potent antibacterial agent, which is assigned to reception of 1-2 tablets three times a day for 1 hour before or after a meal (a course of therapy is 5 to 14 days, and the price of the drug is 75 rub.);
- Amoxil - the antibiotic penicillin, which is assigned to the reception of 500 mg 2 times a day for 5-7 days (the cost of the drug 135 rub.);
- Biseptol - antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent, which is prescribed for the majority of infections caused by increase in monocytes (take 2 tablets 2 times a day with the course of treatment up to 2 weeks, and the drug price is 175 rub.);
- Amoxiclav-Kviktab - the drug with the active substance in the form of amoxicillin is assigned to reception of 1 tablet 2 times a day, with the duration of treatment to 14 days (250 rubles medicament value.).
Acceptance of the above drugs can only be prescribed by a doctor, if installed strain infectious microorganism provoking inflammation with increased levels of phagocytes.
Traditional methods
Folk remedies are not applied to reduce or increase the level of monocytes in the blood serum, as they can not affect the functionality of the bone marrow, or else suppress acute infectious-inflammatory process.
Other methods
In combination with drug therapy underlying disease, which provokes burst of phagocytes, it is advisable to use the following methods, Strengthens the immune system:
- long walks in the fresh air;
- pouring cold water;
- body rubdown with a wet towel;
- a course of reception of vitamin-mineral complexes (every 6 months.);
- prophylactic sanatorium treatment of chronic diseases.
The above methods are tonic and can not be used as an independent method of therapy.
possible complications
Potential complications from too high or low level of monocytes depends on what diseases caused by the change in the cellular composition of blood.
In general, however, the following consequences:
- critical reduction of protective functions of the immune system;
- Tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, lymph nodes;
- the development of various types of anemia;
- impaired bone marrow function;
- onset of death, if the pathology associated with the presence of cancer.
Norm of monocytes in the body in women is determined by blood tests in a biochemical laboratory. According to the results of the analysis drawn up a detailed table of the concentration of vital cells is taken into account patient age, comorbidities body.
Monocytes themselves are an integral part of the human immune system, perform a bactericidal function, prevent infectious and parasitic diseases, are taking part in the suppression of inflammation process.
Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great
Video of monocytes
Analysis of blood monocytes:
