The ratio of LH and FSH: normal age, tables, formulas how to count in the first phase, more than in the follicular what it is, hormones are elevated in the blood of women, 3 day cycle above but within less than 1 means that, below, the reasons for which he is responsible, transcript

The regulation of the functioning and correction of functional disorders of the reproductive system important role play pituitary gonadotropins origin - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones. From a functional standpoint, they are related to each other complex substances. The ratio of LH and FSH - an important diagnostic indicator of the ovaries and testes, the balance of sex hormones and the ability of conception.

What is PH

Luteinizing hormone - gonadotropin is that as well as FSH is a glycoprotein. Dimer (α- and β- subunits) protein chain structure similar to the thyroid hormones (TSH), human chorionic hormone (HCG), and follitropin (FSH). The structure of the α-subunits have similar, and β-subunit is significantly different. It defines the difference in the function of these hormones.

Follitropin activates maturation of follicles, which in turn begin to intensively produce estrogens, in Vol. H. estradiol. Its level increases rapidly and the peak concentration of LH triggers the synthesis of the pituitary gland. The increase in the level of LH and FSH stimulates the maturation of follicles in and out.

Therefore, LH is applied only to the mature follicle activating its output and formation of the corpus luteum. Subsequently it is responsible for the maintenance of the corpus luteum during the operation period (14 days) required for the preparation of the inner surface of the mucous of the uterus for implantation of the ovum.

In men, LH acts on testis cells and stimulates the synthesis of testosterone - the primary male hormone. Furthermore, it increases the permeability of the vessel walls to testosterone and facilitates its transmission into the bloodstream.

What is FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone synthesized by the anterior pituitary, placenta, and certain malignancies chorionic structure (vnutriplatsentarnyh) tissues. Follitropin - a glycoprotein consisting of α- and β-subunits. α-subunits of FSH identical α- other hormones - LH and TSH and is encoded by a single gene. β-FSH more species-specific and is encoded by a distinct gene. Therefore follitropin wider function than LH and TSH.

The hormone responsible for the functioning of the sexual glands. FSH in women:

• stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles;
• activate ovulation and development of corpora lutea;
• It affects the growth and function of the breast;
• It stimulates the libido;
• It promotes fertility.

LH and FSH hormone activates the secretion of the sex glands of estrogen and androgen. In men, follitropin regulates spermatogenesis - activates the production of sperm cells, is involved in stimulating the testes function. The normal functioning of the reproductive system of men is impossible without both hormonal compounds. With a lack of these hormones marked:

• hypogonadism - a violation of the sexual endocrine glands;
• disruption of spermatogenesis;
• growth abnormalities and delay the physical / mental retardation;
• violation formation of secondary sexual characteristics;
• sexual infantilism.

Follitropin operates together with another gonadotropin - lyuteotropinom and increases sensitivity gonads thereto.

How to find out the level of hormones

Substances found in most body fluids: blood serum, urine, saliva, tear fluid and sweat. Get more accurate and informative results only allows blood test. The level of each hormone separately determined by enzyme immunoassay.

To study the concentrations of LH and FSH spend venous blood sampling. The level of gonadotropin hormones influence internal and external factors:

• stress;
• Power error;
• physical overload;
• smoking, alcohol intake.

In preparation for the study of a woman must eliminate all factors which may distort the analysis.

Active substances in women varies depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, tests for FSH and LH in women is recommended to take 2-4 day cycle. To monitor the functioning of the reproductive organs study of gonadotropins may be scheduled for 19-21 days monthly. To reduce the error due to fluctuations in the levels of hormones, blood sampling is carried out 3 times at intervals of 30 minutes between them.

Tests prescribed for infertility, violation of menstruation, menopause age, outcome prediction in vitro fertilization, pathospermia, the study of ovarian function in women with autoimmune diseases.

How to calculate the ratio

T. k. the functioning of the reproductive system depends on the level of LH and FSH, the diagnostic purposes set number of each type hormones and their ratio. Calculate the ratio can be from the formula: = n

The normal component is placed in the range of 1 to 2.5. Deviation from the limit of the border in either direction in a woman of reproductive age indicates the presence of pathology of the reproductive system.

Is the normal ratio

The level of gonadotropin-releasing hormone undergoes changes depending on:

• age;
• phase of the menstrual cycle.

Marked daily and seasonal fluctuations in activity of the hormones FSH and LH following orders:

• first - diurnal changes;
• second - DSA, circadian oscillation expressed only at puberty;
• third - fluctuations during the cycle.

During a cycle marked 3 phases:

• follicular - accompanied by the growth of the dominant follicle;
• ovulation - rupture of the follicle and release of an egg into the abdominal cavity;
• luteal - the formation and functioning of the corpus luteum.

Each phase correspond to their standards of FSH and LH. Table 1 shows the gonadotropins norm cycle in each phase:

Stages of the menstrual cycle	FSH (mIU / ml)	LH (mIU / mL)
follicular phase	1,37-9,90	1,68-15,00
Ovulation	6,17-17,20	21,90-56,60
luteal phase	1,09-9,20	0,61-16,30

FSH production in the first phase of the above, therefore, it is called follicular. In the middle of the cycle there is a reduction in its volume in the blood, while LH rises and begins the luteal phase. If conception occurs, the ratio of FSH and LH is changed again - the last - reduced and follitropin - increases. Peak levels of FSH in follicular phase reaches about 10 mIU / ml. Large variations observed in LH. Its basal level ranges from 1,7-15 mIU / mL, and in ovulatory period sharply rises to 22-57 mIU / ml. Accordingly changing their ratio.

Age-related changes in the hormones FSH, LH shown in Table 2:

Age	Standards FSH (mIU / ml)	Standards LH (mIU / mL)	The ratio of the substances
before puberty	1,5 — 4	0,46-3,29	1/1
reproductive period	1,6-25	1,68-56,6	1,5/1
menopause	19,30-100,60	14,20-52,30	(1,5-2)/1

The norm in women over the age of gonadotropins reflects the willingness of the reproductive system to reproduce. When menopause occurs increase follitropin activity. After a while the body adjusts to hormonal failure, and the ratio is close to normal physiological range.

Decoding test results should be engaged in a doctor:.. A gynecologist, reproductive system, andrologist, that is to be taken into account many factors that affect the performance. In men, the ratio of gonadotropins do not count. Norm follitropin they correspond to 1.5-12 IU / l, and LH stacked in the range 0.5-10 mIU / L.

The causes of variances, and what is dangerous

The ratio of LH to FSH, which rate must not exceed 2.5, may vary in either direction, which indicates the presence of reproductive or hypothalamic-pituitary system.

If the ratio of FSH and LH hormones is higher than 2.5, then the cause may be the following pathologies:

• pituitary tumors;
• inflammation of the pelvic organs;
• polycystic ovary syndrome;
• thyroid dysfunction and adrenal glands;
• endometriosis;
• forming ovarian anomalies;
• taking certain kinds of medications: antidepressants, oral contraceptives, steroids;
• exposure;
• bad habits;
• obesity.

If elevated levels of follicle stimulating hormone, then imbalance symptoms are:

• absence of menstrual periods;
• uterine bleeding;
• miscarriages;
• infertility;
• anovulation.

Low FSH may mean that a woman is pregnant or undergoing hormone replacement therapy.

When polycystic ovarian indicated stable high level LH, resulting in excessive stimulation of ovarian tissues, high levels of androgens, disruption of follicular maturation and infertility.

Increased rate of hormones during menopause is physiological.

If the index is less than 1, it means that the broken process of oocyte maturation, reduced ovarian reserve. In addition to internal reasons, to break the FSH, LH ratio may be external factors:

• impoverish prolonged dieting, fasting;
• stress;
• sports and other physical overload.

For large violations deviation ratio or below / above the level of one hormone requires the use of a fault condition corresponding correction method.

What to do with deviations in the ratio of

The choice of method of treatment depends on the cause. If the ratio of LH and FSH interval exceeds the upper limit (2.5) due to polycystic ovaries, the surgical intervention is necessary. This treatment gives a good result, and a woman can get pregnant after 1 year after surgery.

When the index is significantly higher than the rate (3 or more), it is recommended the use of modern treatments for infertility and artificial insemination.

Help stabilize hormones can the following methods:

• medication;
• diet therapy, which allows to reduce weight;
• rational physical activity;
• avoidance of stress;
• elimination of bad habits.

Normalized Ratio will help correct mode of the day. The main volume of gonadotropins are synthesized during the sleep time. Women who work the night shift or not getting enough sleep for other reasons, there is a failure in hormonal levels. Receiving vitamin-mineral complexes also helps to normalize hormone balance.