Tracheitis: symptoms, treatment, and antibiotics. How to treat Tracheitis

If you come to the doctor, and he will deliver you a diagnosis "tracheitis", that is no reason for concern here. This disease affects many people of all ages and can be successfully treated without any unpleasant consequences.

Tracheitis, whose symptoms are similar to laryngitis or rhinitis is an inflammation, progressive in the tracheal mucosa. As a rule, the disease does not manifest itself as an independent disease, and develops against the background of other viral infections.

What it is?

Tracheitis - a condition where the tracheal mucosa inflammation occurs, because of which It begins excessive mucus production, and the trachea is particularly sensitive to a variety of stimuli.

Reasons tracheitis

Acute tracheitis is most often develops due to viral infections, sometimes cause of staph have become sticks, streptococcus, intoxication, and so on. The disease can occur due to supercooling or the inhalation of cold dry air, harmful gases and fumes irritating the mucosa.

Chronic tracheitis often occurs in smokers and alcohol fans. Sometimes the cause of diseases are heart disease and kidney failure, emphysema or chronic inflammation of the nose and throat. The number of diseases increases during the autumn and spring.

Classification

In modern medicine, tracheitis has a rather complex classification. The disease primarily divided into acute and chronic, and also (in particular the occurrence) - primary and secondary. Next tracheitis, referring to the secondary form, that is, arising on a background of other diseases, are divided into the following types:

1. laryngotracheitis - in this case, the inflammation affects only the pharynx and the trachea. As with the previous form, the infection spreads from the top down;
2. Rinofaringotraheit - at such a tracheitis in the inflammatory process involved mucous nose, throat and trachea. Typically, the process starts from the bow and gradually descends;
3. Tracheobronchitis - when it inflammation is present not only in the trachea, but also in the bronchi. This kind of disease is characterized by a severe course.

Regardless of which category tracheitis, it must be treated immediately after detection of the first symptoms.

Tracheitis symptoms in adults

Usually the symptoms of tracheitis, flowing in the acute form, manifest after acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.

• Body temperature in the acute form of the disease somewhat increased, especially at night; when tracheitis in children, it can rise to 39 °. At the beginning of the disease is sputum mucous, viscous, moves in small quantities and with difficulty. With 3-4 days of the disease it becomes muco-purulent character, it becomes more abundant and more easily separated, decreases pain when coughing.
• The main symptom is an acute tracheitis dry coughThat occurs during the night and morning. Cough attacks occur during laughter, deep inspiration, weeping, a sharp change in air temperature. During coughing and after the patient feels bruised pain in the chest and throat. Breathing in such cases, especially in children, it becomes rapid and shallow. If acute tracheitis accompanied laryngitis, The patient's voice becomes hoarse.

In some cases the inflammatory process together with the trachea and the large bronchi captures. In this case we speak of the development of tracheobronchitis cough in which the more permanent and painful, and the body temperature is higher.

The main symptom of tracheitis, flowing in the chronic form, is a painful and paroxysmal cough, worse in the morning and at night, which is accompanied by chest pain. Patients with chronic tracheitis sputum may be viscous and scanty or mucopurulent and copious. In this case, it is always easily separated. Course of the disease in most cases, long-term, with periods of exacerbation.

Diagnostics

Usually diagnosis tracheitis causes difficulties diagnosed after consultation and examination of the patient (including faringolaringoskopiyu) based on clinical symptoms of the disease.

If necessary, the differential diagnosis of bronchitis, pneumonia can be assigned X-ray examination, clinical blood, sputum. In the analysis of blood changes depend on the pathogen: viral infections marked reduction in the number of leukocytes, while bacterial tracheitis - increase in their numbers, accelerated ESR.

The bacteriological analysis of sputum (culture) with a bacterial infection will help identify the pathogen and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics. Such an analysis is often made in complicated disease.

complications

Tracheitis as a distinct disease rarely causes any complications. In this regard, more dangerous it combined forms. So, laryngotracheitis may be complicated by stenosis of the larynx, which is particularly characteristic of young children. When traheobronhite result of spasm and congestion of a large amount of muco-purulent discharge develops some obstruction of the respiratory tract.

Propagation of infectious genesis of inflammation in respiratory organs located below, leads to the development of pneumonia or bronchitis. It is more common combined lesion of the epithelium of the trachea or bronchi + bronchial alveolar and interstitial lung tissue diagnosed pneumonia or tracheobronchitis.

Malignant or benign neoplasms occur due endotracheal protracted process chronic tracheitis form accompanied by morphological changes of the mucosa.

Prolonged exposure to allergens in the body in violation of sensitization, along with allergic tracheitis leads to more serious diseases - bronchial allergic shock with transition to asthma, Manifested attacks of breathlessness and severe shortness of breath.

tracheitis treatment

Moderate and mild forms of disease, which are combined with other signs of respiratory infections are treated at home (ambulatory). The exception becomes an early age in children and tracheitis in adults with concomitant pathologies (addressed the issue of admission alone).

Throughout the course of treatment is recommended sparing chemical, mechanical diet (excludes fatty, spicy, fried), only warm drinks and drink in large quantities. On the chest area attached mustard, ventilate the room regularly, wet cleaning.

medication

As a rule, the treatment of tracheitis in adults following drug groups are assigned:

1. The bacterial nature of the pathology treated by the following group of drugs beta-lactams: amoksiklav, flemoksin, Augmentin. Assigned 1-3 generation cephalosporins (zinatsef, Fortum, supraks), the physician can optionally assign parenteral administration. Individually appointed antibiotics narrowly specific action. Also, if the bacterial infection to intensify therapy prescribed IRS 19, Erespal, bronhomunal, immudon.
2. When a viral infection of antivirals: Grippferon, Arbidol, viferon, izoprinozin, amiksin EU IFN, rimantadine, Lavomax, aflubin etc.
3. Antiseptics. Pharmacy offers a wide range of antiseptic spray for irrigation of the upper respiratory tract. For example, sprays based Biklotimol (geksaliz, geksasprey and others) possess disinfecting, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.
4. Antiallergic. Suprastin, Diazolinum et al. used in allergic and bacterial tracheitis-allergic (hypersensitivity reaction associated with bacterial antigens). In addition, in the treatment of adult tracheitis antihistamines used in parallel with potent antibiotic to prevent possible pharmacological allergic reactions.
5. Antipyretics. Used when the patient's body temperature is above 38 C. It should be noted that when the use of antibiotics should limit intake antipyretics (except when the body temperature exceeds 39 C). If the antibiotic effect, the body temperature normalized for 3 days.
6. Antitussive drugs are appointed on the basis of the accompanying symptoms of tracheitis. If there is dry with the involvement of the bronchi coughing, then shows antitussives: Gerbion with plantain, tusupreks, glauvent, libeksin, Tussin, sinekod. If there trudnoothodyaschaya phlegm, then appointed expectorant drugs, mucolytics: preparations of thyme, marshmallow, licorice, thermopsis, Pertussin, mukaltin, gedeliks bromhexine, Lasolvan, mukobene, ACC.
7. Inhalation alkaline solutions - they will help to quickly reduce the appearance of the inflammatory process, and will improve the expectoration of sputum.

Drug treatment should be prescribed only by a doctor because it is at a tracheitis need to strictly observe the rules of the combined medication. For example, antitussives and mucolytics in any case can not be taken simultaneously. The fact that the first will be removed coughing fits, the latter to provide dilution of sputum, which will accumulate in the trachea and other organs of the respiratory system.

If you want to carry out the treatment of chronic tracheitis, there shall be all of the above dosage agents and immunomodulators during remission that will strengthen and increase immunity patient.

Inhalation tracheitis

In the home treatment of such respiratory disease via inhalation is considered the most effective method. When patient inhalation heated ethereal oils and other active substances is their delivery directly into the larynx and pharynx.

tracheitis treatment may be performed in the home by the following preparations:

1. Inhalations at tracheitis by using a mineral water, but only under alkaline conditions. Thanks to the treatment with their help it is possible to moisten the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and quickly withdraw the accumulated phlegm.
2. For treatment of respiratory diseases can be used soda solution, which is poured directly into the nebulizer. With such inhalation possible to humidify the tracheal mucosa well, and cough.
3. One of the strong and efficient drugs by which fails to disclose the bronchi is Berodual. Usually it is prescribed for such diseases as tracheobronchitis. To eliminate the pathology experts often recommend a combination with hormonal nature Flomax drugs. Inhalation at home allows you to get rid of the symptoms of acute tracheitis just a few days.
4. Good effect gives inhalation nebulizer with the use of such drugs as Mucosolvan and Mukolvan. The main components of such substance drug is ambroxol and before applying them must necessarily dilute saline. Such inhalation has a moisturizing effect on the mucous and helps sputum discharge.
5. A good result is obtained by using saline, i.e. normal sodium hydroxide. With such a solution fails well moisten the mucosa and help the body with a strong cough and dry nasopharynx. Breathing saline can visit to a specialist and purpose of medical treatment, as well as frequent attacks of coughing. In addition, the saline solution is the foundation of any inhalation, because all the drugs in the nebulizer divorce with his addition.

Folk remedies

Effective folk remedies tracheitis:

1. The root of the marshmallow. It is produced in the form of a syrup. Basis of preparation - mucilage. It soothes the throat, eliminating pain and contributing to the restoration of the mucosa. On the surface of the epithelium is formed a protective film, which reduces the irritant effect while coughing. Marshmallow root also contains substances thinning mucus and contributing to its retracted.
2. The root of the marshmallow. It is produced in the form of a syrup. Basis of preparation - mucilage. It soothes the throat, eliminating pain and contributing to the restoration of the mucosa. On the surface of the epithelium is formed a protective film, which reduces the irritant effect while coughing. Marshmallow root also contains substances thinning mucus and contributing to its retracted.
3. Heat the milk in a cup to put a teaspoon of butter and half teaspoon of baking soda, drink a mixture of small sips.
4. Oak bark. The main therapeutic effect associated with bark tannins (their concentration may reach 20%). They contribute to the desquamation of the epithelium affected microbial agent and recovery of the mucosa.

Mansion in traditional medicine are packs. They make sense to put when there is no temperature, cough became productive, but the nightly attacks plagued the patient, ie approximately from the fourth day of illness. Compress with tracheitis is placed for 20 minutes in an hour before bedtime. In any case it is impossible to put a compress on the neck, so as not to catch the thyroid. Only on his chest.

Recipes compresses:

1. Tablespoon honey and 3 drops of eucalyptus essential oil.
2. Tablespoon dry mustard, two tablespoons of honey, 20 ml of sunflower oil 3 drops of pine oil.
3. Boil two potatoes, mash, add a spoonful of vegetable oil.

How long tracheitis?

The question "How long tracheitis" can be answered only the disease itself, but it is usually hard to "resist" treatment. During illness and recovery period always depends on the form of the inflammatory process, which can be both acute and chronic, that is prolonged. In addition to how much lasts tracheitis, affects immune status of the patient, the more active the body struggles with tracheitis, the faster the recovery will come.

Prediction of acute forms of tracheitis, tend to be more favorable. Acute tracheitis passes with proper and timely treatment for 10-14 days, unless, of course, the disease is not complicated by additional problems with the bronchi.

How long in chronic tracheitis - to predict difficult, because a prolonged course of the disease makes it impossible to accurately predict the period of convalescence. However, in complex intensive care patients with chronic tracheitis recover no later than one month from the beginning of the disease.

prevention

What should be the prevention of tracheitis? All preventive measures are aimed at strengthening the immune system, as well as desensitization, ie decrease the body's sensitivity to the effects of allergens. In order to prevent inflammation of the trachea, it is recommended:

• time to treat the disease - in time to eliminate tooth decay, a cold and exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• normalize the power - to include in the diet of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins;
• take vitamins and immune stimulants - in spring and autumn it is desirable to use "Aevit", "Immunal", "Multiproduct Ascovit" and so on;
• give up bad habits - eating fatty foods, smoking and alcohol abuse.

A tendency to allergies should carefully monitor the cleanliness of the house as dust, animal dander, and contaminated or dry air irritate the throat and consequently provoke the development of allergic tracheitis.