Tracheobronchitis usually develops from the upper respiratory tract, spreading rapidly below, covering the mucous membrane of organs and bronchial system. The disease can occur both in acute and chronic forms.
What it is?
Tracheobronchitis - a combined inflammation of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, which develops after undergoing respiratory infection is spreading rapidly in the lower respiratory tract and often ends bronchitis or pneumonia.
Reasons tracheobronchitis
The main etiological factor of inflammation - a revitalization of viral or bacterial flora. Typically, this is due to the disruption of the normal state of immune function and the mucous membrane under the influence of provoking factors.
The most frequent causes of the disease:
- Drinking cold drinks and plenty of cold food.
- Injury to the tracheal mucosa.
- Hypothermia.
- Smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages.
- Chronic infections (sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis).
In most cases the disease occurs due to the interaction of two factors, e.g., subcooling due to alcoholic intoxication. In a separate category are smokers. The mucosa is inflamed due to permanent injuries smoke and harmful substances secreted cigarette. This form of the disease requires long and complicated treatment often recurs.
Classification
Several distinct forms of the disease:
- Acute tracheobronchitis. This diffuse inflammation of the upper part of the respiratory tract, particularly the mucous membrane of the throat. In most cases, the cause of acute tracheobronchitis are bacteria and viruses: streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci. Also, disease can develop after a person has severe hypothermia, excessive consumption of nicotine and alcohol, significant deformation of the chest and nasal cavity.
- Chronic tracheobronchitis. Often develops in smokers and in people working in dusty conditions. Frequently observed in chronic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, stagnation in the respiratory tract caused by heart disease, kidney disease. In chronic tracheitis marked hyper- or atrophic changes in the tracheal mucosa. For chronic hypertrophic tracheitis characterized by cough with abundant seropurulent easy sputum. The main symptom of chronic atrophic tracheitis - attacks of a painful dry coughAccompanied by chest pain, stronger in the morning and at night. Course of the disease in most cases, long-term with improvements and exacerbations. As a rule, chronic tracheitis combined with chronic bronchitis.
- Protracted form of tracheobronchitis. About the development of this disease is said that if the disease symptoms do not disappear for a month.
- Infectious-allergic tracheobronchitis. In this case, the allergic form of disease begins to progress on infectious background.
- Allergic tracheobronchitis. This form progresses due to penetration into the human body different allergens. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the patient's condition is not getting worse, but there is rapid symptom expression: hoarse voice, severe itching, cough. Allergic tracheobronchitis more prone to people who live in disadvantaged areas where a lot of toxic substances present in the atmosphere.
symptoms
Acute tracheitis often the traumas of airway infection. At the initial stage there is nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, pain when swallowing, voice changes.
In general, acute tracheobronchitis manifested by symptoms:
- Strong dry cough,
- Hard, noisy, wheezing,
- Chest pain, increasing during coughing,
- Allocation of muco-purulent sputum;
- Labored deep breath and exhale fully,
- dysphonia,
- hoarseness,
- Increased sweating,
- Dry mouth,
- Rapid breathing,
- fever,
- Rawness and sore throat,
- Bluish color of the lips,
- Weakness and decreased performance,
- Pain in the heart.
Chronic tracheobronchitis occurs in patients more easily and safely. Symptomatology pathology:
- wheezing,
- Burning and pain in the chest aching, lasting more than three months,
- Sleep disturbance,
- Long, persistent, paroxysmal cough,
- The appearance of serous-purulent sputum in the morning,
- Dyspnea,
- Atrophy or hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the trachea,
- The emergence of "hoarse" voice and laryngitis development.
Allergic form has these symptoms:
- rhinitis;
- chest pain, the throat;
- keratitis;
- general state of health does not suffer;
- conjunctivitis;
- increase in body temperature is observed;
- suddenly emerging coughing fits with a long passage, often provoking vomiting at its peak.
After a certain time after the occurrence of a dry cough at traheobronhite observed its transformation into a wet cough, thus there is the appearance of sputum. In the future, it is very important to appoint a timely and competent treatment, because this is becoming a fundamental factor in ensuring the timely and full recovery of the patient.
Diagnostics
Tracheobronchitis in adults and children requires a comprehensive treatment, which is necessary before the detailed diagnosis. Usually the doctor listens to the lungs to detect wheezing, then examines the patient, assigns X-rays to rule out pneumonia. Very often it conducted bacterial sputum.
For suspected allergic tracheobronchitis in adults and children should consult an allergist to identify the allergen.
How is the treatment of tracheobronchitis?
In adults, the treatment of bronchitis, tracheitis have to be integrated. If tracheobronchitis caused by viral or bacterial infection, make sure you assigned.
Antiviral or antibacterial therapy. Widely used in the treatment of tracheobronchitis such drugs:
- Arbidol;
- Umckalor;
- Aflubin;
- Anaferon.
Expectorants and antitussives (mucolytics) to facilitate the removal of sputum:
- Gedeliks;
- Pektolvan;
- Lasolvan;
- bronholitin;
- bromhexine;
- Ambroxol.
Medications Dr. IOM Evkabal widely used in syrups and ointments.
With timely treatment of the disease takes place in a few weeks with full recovery of affected areas. If there were complications, treatment is prescribed antibiotics or NSAIDs. Doxycycline is used more often, methicillin, oxacillin and penicillin. These drugs are uniformly cover the surface of the bronchi by acting.
phytotherapeutic procedures
Very popular for the treatment of tracheobronchitis use steam inhalation of medicinal commission or herbal tea. considered to be particularly effective:
- succession;
- yarrow;
- cranberries;
- Mullein flowers;
- cranberry;
- oregano;
- coltsfoot;
- St. John's wort;
- plantain leaves;
The use of mustard plasters or mustard wraps are one of the most popular and effective methods of combating the disease. However, before carrying out all these procedures it is recommended to consult a doctor.
tracheobronchitis treatment of folk remedies
For the treatment of tracheobronchitis commonly used traditional medicines. In addition to medicinal herbs are preparing products based on natural products.
Remove tracheobronchitis symptoms in the following ways:
- A well-known black radish, used to prepare juice, mixed with honey,.
- Warm a mixture of honey and milk gives good results in the removal of inflammation. This tool has a soft enveloping effect. Sometimes it is used a mixture with melted butter.
- A mixture of honey and the juice obtained from the leaves of aloe, in equal proportions helps cleanse the bronchi.
- Popular products based on animal and vegetable fats. Most popular healers badger fat and lard mixed with honey and other natural ingredients.
- The natural properties of ginger reduce inflammation, provide antimicrobial and expectorant action. Eliminates the first symptoms of a cold, cure respiratory diseases. Ginger prepared broths, medical tea with herbs, lemon and honey.
Acute tracheitis may be facilitated by the inhalation of volatile production of garlic juice. Chopped garlic placed in a bowl and inhale 3 - 5, minutes twice a day for a week.
prevention
Tracheobronchitis often occurs as a complication of other respiratory diseases, provoked by a virus. To prevent the development of tracheobronchitis, it is necessary:
- not supercool the appearance of symptoms of the disease;
- eat fresh fruits and vegetables to replenish the stock of natural vitamins;
- time to begin treatment of ARI and SARS;
- not carry the disease on their feet;
- drinking tea, warm water with lemon juice and honey to make it easier to cough up when coughing and not injure the bronchi.
