1 Acute pancreatitis
This is a very serious disease requiring immediate treatment in the hospital, any delay is extremely dangerous. The development and course of acute pancreatitis can be rapid, the process leads to the fact that unsplit digestive enzymes enter the blood, causing intoxication of the body. In this case, kidneys, liver, heart, lungs and even the brain are affected. Procrastination in taking urgent measures can lead to sepsis, peritonitis, open bleeding. The lethal outcome for acute pancreatitis in the absence of treatment is up to 40%.Consider the symptoms of an acute form of the disease:
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- severe pain in the left hypochondrium, often giving back or girdling;
- breathing pain;
- nausea with recurrent vomiting;
- discoloration of the skin of the face;
- body temperature fluctuations;
- diarrhea or constipation;
- bloating;
- loss of appetite.
The most pronounced symptom is pain. It is so strong that it can lead to a painful shock. Temperature, as a satellite of any inflammatory process, can rise to very high values. In addition to changing the complexion( it becomes pale at first, then earthy), bluish spots may appear on the abdomen around the navel, in the zone of the waist or groin. All these symptoms indicate an acute process and require urgent, adequate measures.
2 Presumptive treatment of
The first action for suspected acute pancreatitis( after calling an ambulance) can be the application of ice to the left hypochondrium area, this will help slow the rate of inflammation. The first stage requires a complete refusal of food. In an inpatient setting, the patient receives urgent comprehensive care, immediate diagnosis is carried out, including ultrasound, a blood test for amylase and hepatic enzymes, urine and feces analysis. Since the phase of the disease, its degree and prevalence can be different, the course of treatment differs. Typically, analgesics are used to relieve pain, using special drugs to suppress the secretion of enzymes, put a dropper with saline, use antispasmodics, diuretics( to reduce swelling), it is often necessary to take antibiotics, and in some cases, not to do without surgery. The main thing - if you suspect a pancreatitis development, you should immediately call your doctor.
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3 Chronic disease
In most cases, chronic pancreatitis develops after a previous acute attack of acute form. But there is also a gradual independent development. With this type of disease, the release of pancreatic juice in the digestive tract is gradually reduced, food digestion is disrupted, and structural changes occur in the tissue of the organ for a long time. Symptoms in chronic course are different at different phases of the disease: if the pain is temporary in the initial period, it can subside and not appear again for a long time, then the pain duration gradually increases, and additional diseases can develop. The set of symptoms of chronic pancreatitis is as follows:
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- Periodic pain, usually occurring 15-20 minutes after eating and lasting from several hours to several days. The pain is most often localized in the left hypochondrium, sometimes in the heart region, left in the lumbar region, can also give back or have a shingling character. The intensity of pain decreases when a person leans forward. The occurrence of an attack, as a rule, is provoked by the use of fatty, spicy, fried food or alcohol.
- Dyspeptic disorders, such as nausea, chronic diarrhea, bloating. These symptoms are not always, with adequate symptomatic treatment go, as well as pain. The function of the gland to produce digestive enzymes in the early stages is not violated, the patient continues to live a quiet life, but the following eating disorder or alcohol intake will give a new failure.
- With prolonged course of chronic pancreatitis the tissue of the gland is gradually destroyed, the production of enzymes and hormones is reduced, secretory deficiency is formed and grows. Dyspepsia becomes the predominant symptom of chronic pancreatitis, and the pain syndrome may be mild or absent altogether.
- With the development of processes of chronic destruction of pancreatic tissue it atrophies, and diabetes can occur.
Diagnostics of chronic pancreatitis includes ultrasound, study of feces for elastase, the level of undigested fats in stool( steatorrhea), the content of glucose in the blood. It is important to analyze the subjective feelings of the patient by the doctor. Only an integrated approach allows you to put the right diagnosis and then appoint an adequate treatment.
4 Chronic form
It is in many respects similar to the treatment of acute, because the patient looks for help during the period of exacerbation. As a rule, a complete refusal of nutrition for a period of several hours to several days is prescribed( individually always determined by the doctor), then a diet is prescribed, at which food intake is more frequent than usual, but the portion size is significantly reduced. Diet is the main factor of treatment. It is necessary to permanently exclude from the diet fatty, fried, spicy, salty, smoked food, sweets, coffee and alcohol. Fatty food in combination with alcohol is the main cause of relapse. With a decrease in the secretory function of the gland, the administration of enzyme preparations is prescribed, the dosage and the regimen are determined by the doctor depending on the severity of the disease and the precise diagnosis.
Speaking about the symptoms and methods of treatment of pancreatitis, it is necessary to mention the causes of this disease. Among the main causes - alcohol abuse( up to 70% of cases), cholelithiasis( about 20%).The remaining 10% fall on poisoning, trauma, fungal lesions, viral and infectious diseases, dysfunction of the system for regulating the intake of enzymes and bile in the intestine and some other reasons.
- 1 Acute pancreatitis
- 2 Presumptive treatment
- 3 Chronic disease
- 4 Chronic form
Before you tell what pancreatitis is and how dangerous it is, you need to understand the term. The word "pancreatitis" is formed from two Greek words - "pancreas" and "inflammation", that is, in the literal sense, the term means inflammation of the pancreas. To understand the degree of danger of disease, it is necessary to briefly consider the function of the organ. This gland is relatively small( up to 22 cm in length, weighing about 80 g) and is located directly under the stomach, slightly behind. In projection to the abdominal wall it is 5-10 cm above the navel and extends into the left hypochondrium. The importance of the pancreas is enormous, it is the main source of digestive enzymes, it also produces hormones that regulate blood sugar( insulin and glucagon).In other words, the body produces simultaneously substances directly into the intestine( exocrine function), and hormones that go to the blood( endocrine function).
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Any disorders or malfunctions in the operation of the pancreas have a negative effect on the state of the whole organism, but the digestive tract suffers first. In the case of a violation of the production of insulin and glucagon, diabetes mellitus develops. Although this disease is independent, its association with pancreatitis is often traced.
Than pancreatitis is dangerous? This disease occurs quite often and can lead to serious complications and even death, so it should be treated with the utmost seriousness. With inflammation of the pancreas, there is edema and a violation of its normal functioning, which leads to a difficulty in the outflow of its secret. The food enzymes that are produced begin to become more active before they enter the duodenum. In other words, the pancreas gradually digests itself. This process causes very strong pain.
There are several classifications of pancreatitis( by the nature of the course, the nature of the lesion, the phases).Below we will consider two main types - acute and chronic.
