Neurodermatitis: symptoms, photo, treatment. How to treat atopic dermatitis

Neurodermitis (atopic dermatitis or or diffuse neurodermatitis) - etohronicheskoe inflammatory disease - allergic dermatitis, It affects the skin of people with a predisposition in the genome, as well as disorders of the immune status of the nervous and endocrine systems, functional other organs.

The presence of congenital anomalies of the heart patients, clubfoot, hernias, cataracts, and so on. N. also indicates a hereditary factor of atopic dermatosis. Atopic dermatitis has thrust a chronic, often relapsing character of a different form depending on the age, the causes, symptoms, and on the season.

The leading role in the onset neurodermatitis belongs to the nervous system. Synonym atopic dermatitis. Now also use the term "atopic neurodermatitis". The mechanism of neuroendocrine disease. Consequence of diathesis - go to the children's eczema - scrapie - neurodermatitis.

What it is?

Neurodermatitis - inflammatory skin disease that occurs due to endogenous (occurring within the organism) causes. It occurs mainly in childhood and adolescence often becomes chronic and is one of the most common dermatological diseases on the planet.

The causes of disease

Neurodermatitis is not a contagious disease. It is often the root cause is a genetic predisposition to allergies. Respond to the disease on the human body can be any stimulus - from pet hair to your favorite cosmetic.

Common causes of neurodermatitis experts say:

• Neuropsychiatric disorders of health;
• medications;
• climatic factors;
• work in hazardous conditions and other irritating factors;
• poor nutrition, general toxic pollution of the body;
• prolonged psycho-emotional, mental and physical stress, depression;
• profound dysfunction of the immune and central and peripheral nervous system, vegetative-vascular syndrome;
• chronic sources of infection, inflammation focus in the body and bacterial accumulations on the skin;
• Gastrointestinal diseases associated with a disorder fermentation processes, failures in the endocrine system, ENT disease;
• genetically determined propensity to various allergic reactions, as evidenced by high intensity diseases relatives and identical twins;
• endogenous factors - polluted state of the external (outdoor) and internal (indoor) environment that can cause skin hyperreactivity.

Despite the variety of factors that provoke the development of neurodermatitis, dermatologists believe that the disease triggers an allergic mechanism. When meeting with an allergen body produces antibodies against itself for a new connection, but the second time antibodies bind to the organism and are carried by the bloodstream to all the tissues and organs of the membrane and destroy them cells.

In the process of degranulation occurs release of active substances, among which is histamine. This substance causes redness and thickening of the skin, increasing the local temperature and the feeling of itching or burning. In the case of secondary infection increased body temperature.

Damage to the nervous system as a cause of neurodermatitis scientists explain the dysfunctional peripheral nerve fibers. Therefore, the patient begins to pester severe itching and rashes on the body appear. The desire to scratch the skin results in an injury, an increase in intensity of itching and swelling of tissues.

Classification

Neurodermatitis - a disease that has a number of species, causing the prevalence of pathological process on the patient's skin cover.

1. Atopic dermatitis. For this form is characteristic appearance of multiple lesions. As a rule, they are located on the upper and lower limbs (popliteal hollows and the elbow), as well as on the body. However atopic dermatitis often affects the neck, genitalia, the anus and the face. In this case, the lesions are confluent lihenifitsirovannye and infiltrated skin patches. In some places, in addition to having lihenifikatsii flat shiny nodules. Sometimes patients after scratching observed short Moisture. As a consequence, the lesions can become infected, complicate lymphadenitis or pyoderma. Patients suffering from diffuse neurodermatitis, distinguishes swelling and redness of the skin, often covered with fine scales.
2. Limited neurodermatitis. This type of neurodermatitis characteristic appearance on the skin surface covered by plaques nodular tumors in the neck, knee and elbow, in the perineum, genitals. When this sort of illness is often described symmetrical arrangement of the plaques. As a rule, they appear simultaneously on both elbows, knees, feet.
3. Dekalviruyuschy affects areas of the body covered with hair, causing a gradual loss of hair.
4. Linear neurodermatitis. This pathology, in which the lesions are localized mainly on the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, and have the form of bands, sometimes with a warty surface or flaky.
5. Follicular: formed on the hairy parts of the body in the form of rashes, papules having spiky appearance.
6. Psoriaziformny neurodermatitis. In this case, the lesions are red seal coated fine silvery white scales. Most often, they are located on the head and neck.
7. Hypertrophic: expressed as a swelling in the lymph nodes, usually the groin.

Each type of neurodermatitis brings significant discomfort to man, so treatment is required without delay.

symptoms of neurodermatitis

The main symptoms of neurodermatitis in children and adults are characterized by rash, itching, neurotic disorders, redness, peeling. Moreover, the area of ​​spread of the disease can be varied depending on the particular species of it.

Neurodermatitis greatly reduced adrenal function, so the skin can darken considerably. A person loses weight, which adversely affects the general condition of the body. Pressure decreases, increases fatigue, lethargy and weakness, decrease secretion of gastric juice and blood glucose levels. Atopic dermatitis sometimes leads to lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes), to deteriorate the activity of many organs.

It should be noted the fact that the neurodermatitis symptoms are most pronounced in the winter time and in the evening hours and in the summer, on the contrary, I felt a marked improvement. Atopic dermatitis on his hands brings the most discomfort, as due to moisture and frequent mechanical impacts disease will only get worse.

What is atopic dermatitis, photos

The photo below shows how the disease manifests itself in adults and children.

How to diagnose?

Diagnostics of neurodermatitis held dermatologist at the first visit. To do this, the patient and the examination of his body enough complaints. To confirm the diagnosis, the patient laboratory and biochemical studies can be assigned: his blood is checked for the number of leukocytes and eosinophils.

The majority of patients detected eosinophilia, and leukocytosis, and in immunological studies - increased amount of IgE immunoglobulins. When connecting the secondary treatment of neurodermatitis diseases and symptoms thereof can be adjusted according to the total clinical picture.

Than to treat atopic dermatitis?

Often atopic dermatitis treated very truncated and attention is given to only skin manifestations. Which is directed at relief of local treatment. However, it is necessary to consider the process as a whole and give attention to all stages of treatment.

1. Diet. It begins therapy, especially in the case of babies with dietary measures. Ideally, when it is possible to identify the main allergens that trigger the process, and to exclude them from the diet. In adults, treatment also begins with the introduction of diet with restriction of alcohol and spices. Children try to keep breastfeeding or translated into protein hydrolysates of cow.
2. Common mode. common mode normalization should provide a good night (and for children and naps), sufficient exposure to fresh air and rational mental and physical activities, excluding fatigue and nervous excitement system. neurodermatitis treatment in adults in total defeat, the localization on the palms, secondary septic complications can be performed on an outpatient basis with the issuance of certificate of incapacity.
3. Treatment of dysbiosis. At periods of exacerbation also recommend to do the correction of dysbiosis and start receiving rate enterosorbents ( "Enterosgel," "Poliepana"). Sorbents used on a regular basis is impractical, because they result in removal from the intestine not only allergens, but also vitamins, which are quite difficult to compensate because of restrictions on food intolerances and synthetic analogs.
4. Sedatives. If necessary, patients are assigned courses sedation or conducted medical therapy coarser neurological or psychiatric problems.

General recommendations neurodermatitis you can do at home:

1) The most important thing - to stop the constant scratching of the skin. No treatment will not be effective if the patient continues to comb lesions. For this:

• short cut nails
• at night during the exacerbation wear gloves on his hands hlophatobumazhnye or sleep in the cotton pajamas. This will reduce the involuntary scratching during sleep.

2) It is important to avoid contact with allergens, causing aggravation. For this:

• need hypoallergenic diet
• new clothes should be pre-washed.
• it is necessary to use detergents containing soap
• clothing should be carefully rinse the
• carry out daily wet cleaning in the house

3) Decrease of skin dryness. For this:

• kremistoe use soaps and detergents with a moisturizing effect.
• water treatments should be brief (5-10 minutes) in warm (not hot) water.
• after washing or swimming in the pool should be applied on the body cream or body lotion.
• Wear loose-fitting clothing made of pure cotton.
• it is desirable to give up the woolen clothes and blankets, replacing them with clothes and blankets are made from other materials.

Tactics of treatment neurodermatitis aims to eliminate violations that triggered the development of the pathological process, as well as the prevention of relapse and prolonging remission.

medication

Antiallergic niche therapy involves the use of antihistamines, in most cases 2 and 3 generations of drugs that exhibit less inhibitory CNS effects and at the same time stabilize the mast cells and at the same time blocking the effect of histamine, but also the preparations of the first generation still active apply. They have a relatively rapid effect and give sleepiness, which, incidentally, not bad in the presence of pruritic dermatosis.

• First generation: Fenistil tablets or drops (Demitenden) Tavegil (Clemastine), tablets or injections Pipolphenum (Promethazine) Fenkarol (hifenadina) Suprastin (Hlorpiramin).
• The preparation of second generation - ketotifen (Zaditen) preferred in combinations with dermal process bronchial obstruction.
• Medicinal third generation means: Astelong, astemizole, acrivastine, Atselastin, Allergodil, Gistalong, GIST, Claritin, Klarisens, loratadine, levocabastine, Sempreks, Telfast, Terfenadil, Teridin, Tsiterizin, Ebastine.

Glucocorticoids are used in severe widespread process in the presence or periods of acute allergic complications such as acute allergic reactions (urticaria, angioneurotic edema).

• Natural: cortisone, hydrocortisone.
• Semisynthetic corticosteroids: dexamethasone, triamcinolone, prednisolone.

ointments glyukokokrtikoidami treatment is carried out once a day. Apply a thin layer, not rubbed. At course intake does not cause systemic side ldeystviya (Cushing's syndrome. adrenal insufficiency, skin atrophy and diabetes). When receiving over the years gradually reduced its own emissions of adrenal hormones and develop systemic side effects.

• weak force drugs: non-fluorinated: hydrocortisone ointment, methylprednisolone aceponate.
• Moderate force. Non-fluorinated "Latikort", "Lokoid". Fluorinated "Afloderm", "ftorokort", "Triakort", "Esperson", "Lokakarten", "Lorinden".
• Strong. Fluorinated "Dermoveyt", "Kutiveyt", "Beloderm", "Celestoderm", "Sinalar", "flutsinar", "Sinaflar". Nefotrirovannye "Elokim", "Advantan".

The main objective of non-hormonal drugs - dry skin (Zinc ointment or paste, Ski-Derm) and have a softening effect (Gistan). However, some drugs and possesses anti-inflammatory action (Apilak) formulations based on tar and ihtiola) and reduces pruritus (Elidel, Glutamol). Also enjoy the healing ointments (Bipanten, panthenol).

Autosyvorotki made from the patient blood that is collected at the peak of acute neurodermatitis. Thus, the patient receives antibodies against allergens.

physiotherapy

Very well-proven in the treatment of neurodermatitis procedure such as light therapy (using quartz lamps, ultraviolet irradiation or phototherapy selective). Selective phototherapy, which utilizes ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 315-320 nm is indicated in patients suffering from neurodermatitis, only in remission of the disease. Duration of treatment - 15-20 procedures.

Also as physiotherapy neurodermatitis dermatologists recommend cryomassage (using liquid nitrogen) and irradiating the lesions medical laser.

However, a very beneficial effect on the organism of patients sanatorium treatment (Black and Dead Sea).

Folk remedies

Based on natural ingredients, you can prepare a variety of home remedies for a successful fight against skin disease. It:

1. Lotions, bath, rubdown. For different treatment of inflamed skin and lotions are ideal decoctions of herbs with anti-inflammatory and soothing effect. Well established: chamomile, succession, marjoram, nettle, pine needles, thyme, plantain, mint. You can do as a single component infusions and decoctions of herbs gathering.
2. Creams, ointments. Most often for the preparation of an oily ointment bases take pork fat / fat, it is necessary to pre-melt the sulfur and add purified until homogeneous. Before application properly clean the affected area using baby soap.
3. Another home recipe of ointments, which are prepared from any poultry fat, beeswax, and birch tar. All components of the mix, put in a ceramic container and leave for 4 hours. in a warm place or in a preheated surface.
4. Compresses. Very positively proven in the treatment of disease blue clay, which can be easily purchased at a drugstore or cosmetic store. The clay must be mixed with sea salt in equal proportions, mix with water and this slurry evenly applied to the affected areas. Next must wait until the mixture was dried, and gently rinse with warm water.

food rules

Diet neurodermatitis adults involves rejection of salts, acute and spicy foods, foods containing large amounts of carbohydrates. In the acute phase of the diet excludes foods with high allergic activity index:

• eggs,
• whole milk,
• seafood,
• chocolate,
• citrus

For the period of exacerbation should abandon the use of fatty meats and fish, fast food, canned food containing artificial colors and flavors.

The emphasis is on nutrition in observance of milk - vegetable diet. Useful to use fresh fruits and vegetables, salads, vegetable oil, dairy products. It is recommended to drink plenty of fluids (up to 2 liters per day). The diet include boiled dietary meat, cereals, vegetables, mashed potatoes, low-fat broth. Sugar should be replaced by xylitol or sorbitol. From drinks preferably green tea, broth hips, fruit drinks, mineral water.

prevention

Prevention neurodermatitis looks the same as the prevention of any disease. Proper balanced diet, moderate exercise, hardening and improving immunity, avoiding stress. Dermatologists advise people who are prone to dermatological diseases, wear clothes made from natural materials that do not irritate the skin so as not to provoke the development of disease.

Also, do not expose your skin to the period of remissions and exacerbations of any stimuli, for example, making the peels, scrubs, Using creams labeled "diet", which contain skin irritants substances - pepper, cinnamon, menthol. Finally, it is important to protect sensitive skin from the high and low temperatures.

Forecast

Because atopic dermatitis is not in danger of complications, and the forecasts - the most favorable for life, although full recovery does not occur in all cases. When the cause of neurodermatitis lies in deep allergen-genetic structures that exclude relapse impossible, because the therapeutic measures can not cover all the manifestations of the disease.

Atopic dermatitis with severe exacerbations can lead to long-term loss of working capacity. Limited neurodermatitis is not an ordinary move to diffuse because its prospects of many favorable.