Intestinal dysbiosis: symptoms, treatment, diet

intestinal dysbiosis - a disease accompanied by the failure ratio of useful and harmful bacteria.

Intestine of healthy humans inhabit countless masses of microbes, of which 90% - representatives obligate flora (healthy), 5-10% - facultative (opportunistic). Lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, anaerobic propionobakterii, Escherichia are involved in digestion, metabolism, protect against allergies, falling and uncontrolled reproduction of pathogenic organisms the gastrointestinal tract.

Elements conditionally pathogenic flora (fungi, fuzobakterii, gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci, streptococci), do not cause disease in the availability of strong immunity in humans. Under certain circumstances, the number of obligate flora is reduced, increasing the growth of pathogenic organisms in the gut.

What it is?

intestinal dysbiosis - Changes in intestinal microflora, which lead to a deterioration of absorption, the development of abnormalities throughout the body. Average number of beneficial bacteria in the intestine, the right balance of their content as a percentage called norma flora. It supports the body's homeostasis.

normal microflora

To target and focus on the tiny inhabitants of the human intestine due to the fact that these organisms are extremely positive effect on health. They have a variety of beneficial functions. Thus, the useful microflora:

• protects the intestinal mucosa against infectious agents, allergens, excess conditionally pathogenic microbes;
• It synthesizes vitamins (especially B), anticancer agents, enzymes for cleaving proteins and sugars;
• neutralizes toxins and harmful products of metabolism;
• lowers cholesterol;
• activates the immune system:
• It produces short chain fatty acids, which ensure the integrity of the colonic mucosa;
• It stimulates the absorption of relevant substances (water, iron, calcium, gases, and vitamins E, D).

Also useful bacteria (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, etc.). Reside in the gut opportunistic organisms (Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococcus, atypical Escherichia, Serratia, Enterobacter, yeast mushrooms etc.). In a healthy person the number is strictly limited, so they do not hurt. But in the fall of immunity, after intestinal infections, stress, etc. these insidious bacteria and fungi activated, begin to multiply and have adverse effects, leading to clinical symptomatology.

Causes

Dysbacteriosis does not necessarily develop in people with health problems. Enough in some cases the problem can occur in adults and children, who have never experienced any problems with the digestive system.

The main causes of dysbiosis may be as follows:

1. Incorrect reception of certain drugs;
2. A sharp change in the type of food;
3. The use of poor-quality food;
4. The absence in the diet of fortified foods and sour milk;
5. Recently transferred intestinal infections;
6. Frequent use of antibiotics;
7. Inadequate protection of the immune system;
8. Have acute or chronic disease - gastritis, pancreatitis and others.

In the initial stages of development of dysbiosis can hardly assert itself. A person may only occasionally torturing minor abdominal pain, bloating, stool rare disorder.

The main features of

The first signs of intestinal dysbiosis in adults:

1. Abdominal pain;
2. Heaviness;
3. swelling;
4. Flatulence;
5. Diarrhea, constipation alternated;
6. heightened sense of discomfort.

Symptomatology rests directly on the degree of disease neglect.

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis

In adults, symptoms of dysbiosis diverse in its manifestation and severity. The severity of manifestations depending upon conditions such as age, lifestyle, immune status, stage of development. One man weekly therapy with antibiotics will cause only a slight violation of the intestinal microflora, and the other - severe symptoms of dysbiosis.

1. For stage 1 dysbacteriosis typical small imbalance of normal and pathogenic bacteria. Such a condition may be due to short courses of antimicrobials or change habitual food and water. At this stage, the symptoms are mild, they may be limited to a small bowel disorder. After the end of an antimicrobial treatment or habituation to the new conditions of supply, the balance of the intestinal microflora is restored independently.
2. At step 2 the intestines stops producing enzymes in sufficient quantity needed for normal digestion of food. This may result in a process of fermentation, characterized by abdominal distention, the emergence of bitterness in the mouth, pain, bloating, constipation or diarrhea. These symptoms may indicate the development of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, but most point to the progressive dysbiosis.
3. Stage 3 requires medical intervention, as the pathogenic flora in large quantities acting on the intestinal wall, causing its inflammation. Symptoms become more severe, the patient has nausea and vomiting, can be seen in the stool undigested fragments of food, patients complain of severe abdominal pain, may increase the temperature body.
4. In step 4 pathogens almost completely displace useful intestinal microflora. When this mechanism is disturbed absorption of nutrients, which leads to the development of vitamin deficiency and anemia. In addition, the toxins produced due to incomplete digestion of food and the ability to live of pathogenic microorganisms, getting into the bloodstream to cause severe allergic reactions. By the previously described symptoms may join rash, eczema, urticaria, asthma, chronic fatigue, insomnia and concentration problems. Lack of timely treatment threatens the development of severe intestinal infections.

It must be remembered that eliminate dysbiosis easiest in its initial stages. Find yourself a list of suspicious symptoms that do not disappear within a couple of days, consult a gastroenterologist.

chronic dysbiosis

Chronic course dysbiosis occurs less frequently. At the same violation in the composition and amount of microflora does not bounce back a very long time (months, years). As a rule, there are conditions that do not allow the normal flora to recover. However, in most cases, the problem is still not solve the right treatment.

In chronic course of dysbiosis it is important to pay attention to the presence of the following factors:

• self and unqualified treatment;
• a weakened immune system;
• chronic inflammatory bowel disease;
• non-compliance with the prescribed diet;
• presence of intestinal tumors;
• a permanent source of infection (poor quality drinking water, etc.);
• Possible bacterial resistance to antibiotics designated (check antibiogram);
• chronic liver disease, pancreatic, stomach.

In the presence of the above factors are prerequisites for changes in the composition of intestinal microflora. If not eliminate these factors, the treatment in most cases, will not achieve the desired effect. The disease thus takes a chronic course.

Diagnostics

In order to determine the presence and nature of dysbiosis is required to find out what kind of bacteria inhabit the intestines and in what quantity. Now practiced two main methods of diagnosis:

1. The method microflora metabolites examination based on the determination of substances (volatile fatty acids), which is isolated microbes in the process of development. This method has a high sensitivity and ease of determining microbes and allows for several hours to obtain results. In addition, it is not as expensive as the bacteriological.
2. Bacteriological examination. Bacteriological method according to the Laboratory of specialization is defined from 14 to 25 kinds of bacteria (it is only 10% of all microorganisms). Alas, the result of this analysis, you only get 7 days, as long on average it takes to the bacteria grown in special nutrient media and can be identified. Furthermore, the quality of this analysis depends on the compliance with delivery times and material quality, there are also difficulties in culturing something any bacterial species.

It must be remembered that the composition of the intestinal microflora of each person is different. It depends on age, food intake, and even the time of year. Because a diagnosis solely on the basis of analyzes - mistake. We need further examination to determine the cause of dysbiosis.

complications

The most serious consequences can cause the following complications dysbiosis:

1. Weight Loss. Progressive weight loss due to malabsorption is common in chronic dysbiosis. In some cases, patients become depleted as a result of diarrhea. Regardless of the depletion mechanism is important that the body is weakened and becomes more susceptible to other diseases (acute respiratory disease exacerbated chronic disease). Set the body weight after a long dysbiosis - a slow process. Often pronounced depletion observed in children with severe forms of the disease.
2. Dehydration. This complication is rare and only under certain severe types of dysbiosis. The fact that long-term loss of water due to diarrhea may have on the body is very serious consequences. Usually about dehydration say the loss of 3% of the liquid, and more. If you lose 12% of the liquid state of the patient becomes very heavy and there is a high risk to life. Prolonged diarrhea with severe water loss is usually the result of joining of dangerous pathogens that are normally not found in the intestine.
3. Parasitic diseases. To a lesser extent normal microflora protects the body from some parasitic diseases. We are talking about a variety of helminths, which are often found in children.
4. Secondary intestinal infections. There is a large amount of dangerous intestinal infections that do not affect the body in part because of the normal microflora. If this line of defense is weakened, the likelihood of severe intestinal disease increases. The most common infections that can aggravate dysbiosis and pose a threat to life, are salmonellosis, shigellosis (dysentery), cholera, yersiniosis, and others. The greatest danger of these diseases pose to children.
5. Developmental disorders in children. In young children, goiter without adequate treatment often becomes a protracted course. Because of this, the child for a long time may be a lack of certain nutrients or vitamins. Given the high rate of growth and development in early childhood, these problems lead to delays in mental and physical development. Proper treatment usually allows to make up the deficit in the child.
6. Inflammatory processes. In rare cases (usually with accompanying inflammatory bowel diseases) major changes microflora can lead to the development of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. It is believed that chronic dysbiosis plays a role in the development of appendicitis, diverticulitis (inflammation of diverticula - protrusion of the bowel wall), the formation of abscesses. Any inflammation in the abdominal cavity is potentially very dangerous condition and requires intensive treatment (often surgical).

Given the lack of vitamins and weakened immunity, which arise at dysbacteriosis, risk and other complications that are not directly related to the impairment of intestinal microflora. In general we can say that dysbiosis is not a dangerous disease, but the disease is still to run is not necessary.

Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis

In case of confirmed bowel dizbakterioza planned treatment is conducted using preparations restoring normal intestinal flora and correction of the remaining imbalance in the body (with the help of enzymes, sorbents, vitamins).

drugs group appointed for intestinal dysbiosis adults:

1. Sorbents, appointed at the expressed signs of intoxication. Activated carbon is assigned to 5-7 tablets 1 time for 5 days.
2. Prebiotics - have bifidogenic property, ie, promote and stimulate the growth and reproduction of microbes are part of the normal flora of the colon. The representatives of this group are: Hilak forte, Duphalac. Hilak forte is appointed on 40-60 drops 3 times a day.
3. Antibacterial drugs used in the fourth degree of intestinal dysbiosis, for the destruction of pathogenic flora. Most often used antibiotics: tetracycline (doxycycline), cephalosporins (cefuroxime Ceftriaxone), penicillins (Ampioks), nitroimidazoles: metronidazole, is assigned 500 mg 3 times a day, after meal.
4. Symbiotic (Bifidobak, Maltodofilyus) are combined preparations (prebiotic + Probiotic), i.e. at the same time stimulate the growth of normal flora and replace the missing amount of microbes in gut. Bifidobak appointed on 1 capsule 3 times daily with meals.
5. Bacteriophages. To eliminate dysbiosis symptoms, you can take medicines that contain viruses that infect a specific type of bacteria. They are combined with anti-bacterial treatment, or used as an alternative therapy.
6. Enzymes are appointed in the case of marked disorders of digestion. Mezim tablets 1 tablet 3 times a day before meals.
7. Antifungals (Levorinum) are appointed, if there is feces in yeast-like fungi such as Candida. Levorinum assigned 500 thousand. Meals 2-4 times a day.
8. Multivitamins: Duovit, 1 tablet 1 time a day.

Dosage and duration of treatment drugs group designates an attending physician, depending on the degree of dysbacteriosis. Below indicates the dosing regimen for adults, for children the dosage depends on the weight and age of the child.

probiotics

Probiotics (eubiotiki) is preparations containing viable microorganisms (i.e., bacteria of the normal flora of the bowel), are used for the treatment of dysbacteriosis 2-4 degrees.

1. Preparations 1st generation: Bifidumbacterin, Layfpak probiotiks. They are liquid concentrates lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, are not stored for a long time (about 3 months). This group of drugs is unsustainable under the influence of gastric acid or enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract that It leads to the rapid destruction of their receipt and lack of concentration, the main drawback of probiotics 1st generation. Bifidumbacterin assigned inwards to 5 doses 2-3 times a day, 20 minutes before eating;
2. Preparations 2nd generation: Baktisubtil, Flonivin, Enterol. Bacterial spores comprise the normal intestinal flora, which in the gut of the patient secrete enzymes for digestion proteins, fat and carbohydrates, stimulate growth of the bacteria of normal intestinal flora, as well as inhibit the growth of putrefactive flora. Subtitle 1 capsule 3 times a day 1 hour before meal;
3. Preparations third generation: Bifikol, Linex. They consist of several types of normal bowel flora bacteria, therefore, have a high efficiency, compared to previous generations 2 probiotics. Lineks assigned to 2 capsules 3 times a day;
4. Preparations 4th generation: Bifidumbacterin fort Biosorbents-bifidum. This group of drugs is the bacteria of normal intestinal flora in conjunction with enterosorbent (activated carbon or other). Enterosorbent, necessary for the protection of microorganisms, when passing through the stomach, it actively protects them from inactivation by gastric acid or enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. Bifidumbacterin forte is appointed for 5 doses 2-3 times a day before meals.

intestinal dysbiosis treatment is given in a complex, depending on the extent of the disease. Since bacteria overgrowth develops under the influence of many factors, it is important to remove the cause of its development, otherwise receiving probiotics will not give a positive effect. Removal of infection and foci of chronic diseases main problem in the treatment of dysbacteriosis.

Diet at a dysbacteriosis

How to treat intestinal dysbiosis? Mild imbalance in the intestinal microflora may be sufficient in addressing these challenges with the help of a balanced diet, receiving prebiotics or probiotics.

In severe abuse at the same time complex antimicrobial therapy has also been shown dietary food. Basic Rules:

1. Products hover, boiled, baked, stewed. No frying!
2. Drink plenty of fluids, preferably pure water. It helps with diarrhea from dehydration, constipation - downed softens the stool.
3. Eating a balanced, rich in foods containing protein, carbohydrates, vegetable fats, minerals, vitamins, essential for the normal functioning of the body.
4. Cleaning products, irritate the gastrointestinal tract, has a laxative or fixing action.
5. Refuse foods that cause flatulence, fermentation, putrefaction.
6. Stow sauces, hot spices, meats, pickles, strong alcohol. No fast fudam, prepared food, eating cold food on the go. Rich broth, pastries, baked goods, whole milk, strong tea banned.
7. Use products, creating favorable conditions for the growth of beneficial bacteria. Put an emphasis on dairy products (kefir, yogurt, yogurt, acidophilus milk), foods rich in plant fiber.
8. Refuse from fresh vegetables and fruits. Preferably any thermal treatment. Baked Apples - a great dessert, rich in vitamins and useful elements.
9. Eat regularly, every 2.5-3 hours in small portions. We can not allow long periods between meals.
10. The temperature of food should be pleasant, warm. Do not eat hot, too cold.

Dieting - an important condition for the successful treatment of dysbiosis in children and adults. Food consumption is not limited to, changing its composition. A balanced diet, properly cooked food will help restore the lack of vitamins, increase hemoglobin, normalize digestion, a complete elimination of bile.

Can the patient do without treatment?

Cases of arbitrary self-deliverance from minor disturbances in the intestinal microflora in medical practice are recorded frequently. But in most of these examples it is associated with disorders due to emotional disturbances or quick acclimatization.

Keep in mind that bacteria overgrowth may stop progressing only on the first phase of its development. This is the big problem, because in this period of notice, characteristic changes in the intestinal microflora is almost impossible. And if the patient has already pronounced symptoms of the disease, he needed medical help, since we are talking about serious running process.

prevention

The most important method of prevention is the timely and rational antibiotic therapy. In this way, the patient can protect themselves from the symptoms of the disease and dysbiosis.

Frequent event of a dysbacteriosis is a long reception of antibiotics. The following measures are recommended to be taken to prevent the disease:

• eating fermented milk products;
• start using antifungal drugs;
• take probiotics, polifermenty and multivitamins.

drug complex should appoint a doctor to independently use any medicines is not recommended.