In the treatment of a number of diseases, it is not always possible to do with the use of medication alone. Among the effective methods of therapy, it is worth noting plasmapheresis. The price of the procedure during which blood purification in progress, it is difficult to call it affordable, however, according to doctors, it corresponds to the achieved results.
Record content:
- 1 Features of the procedure, where can be done, cost
- 2 Plasmapheresis apparatus
- 3 What happens during blood plasmapheresis?
- 4 Benefits of blood plasmapheresis
- 5 Are there any disadvantages, possible complications
- 6 Is it worth doing blood cleansing during menstruation?
- 7 Carrying out during pregnancy
- 8 Indications
- 9 Contraindications
- 10 Varieties of techniques
- 11 Survey
- 12 Preparatory activities
- 13 Stages and their features
- 14 Effect of the procedure
- 15 Plasmapheresis video
Features of the procedure, where can be done, cost
Blood cleansing (plasmapheresis), the price of which depends on various factors, belongs to the methods of efferent therapy. Extracorporeal detoxification allows you to remove part of a person's liquid tissue from the circulatory system in order to remove harmful substances from it. After processing, the blood returns to the bloodstream.
Plasmapheresis is used not only to rid the human body of toxins. The procedure is carried out to patients in order to balance the number of blood components (platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes).
In addition, filtration is used both in treatment, when blood, after purification, is poured back into its owner, and in donation. In the second case, the material is frozen for temporary storage.
Today, it is possible to undergo plasmapheresis procedure not only in modern medical centers or specialized health care institutions, but even at home. The cost of such treatment is determined by each clinic on an individual basis. Also, the price of blood cleansing depends on the region. For example, in Moscow, 1 session costs about 5-8 thousand rubles. rubles, and in Voronezh - 2-5 thousand. rub.
And while plasmapheresis can be taken in most multidisciplinary centers, private organizations are winning the competition by offering lucrative discounts to loyal customers.
Plasmapheresis apparatus
In medical practice, various devices are used to cleanse blood. All of them differ in the principle of installation and the method of implementation of plasmapheresis. Today, blood filtration is carried out mainly on centrifugal and membrane-type machines.
In clinics, stationary devices are used, and portable devices are used at home. All devices for blood purification do not violate the integrity of cellular structures, which allows you to preserve the properties of other components of liquid tissue.
Special attention should be paid to equipment that removes a small portion of the material, then filters it, after which the blood is poured back into the patient. Apparatus of this type pump 100-150 ml of liquid tissue in 1 minute.
Unlike analogs, these devices are equipped with two catheters, one of which takes the material, and the second immediately directs it back after cleaning. The process runs non-stop.
Blood purifiers are equipped with special filters, centrifuges, membranes, pumps. Moreover, they can all have a different configuration, which depends on the method of plasmapheresis and other features of the device.
What happens during blood plasmapheresis?
When deciding to carry out this procedure, each patient must understand why he needs blood purification. Plasmapheresis is not a magical action that can rejuvenate and heal even chronic diseases. At the same time, thanks to the course of plasmapheresis, you can get a tangible therapeutic result and make you feel better.
The process of blood purification can be consistently described as follows:
- During the procedure, a part of the plasma is withdrawn from the bloodstream, with which pathogenic particles (toxic substances, bacteria, viruses, products of metabolism and decay of erythrocytes, harmful cholesterol and others pathogens).
- The next stage is the processing of the removed liquid tissue. For this purpose, physiological solutions, glucose, blood substitutes are used.
- Physicians should be confident that there is no risk of blood clots before infusing treated material.
Benefits of blood plasmapheresis
After removing a small volume of plasma, the immune system is activated, thereby developing resistance to infections. The body resists pathogenic bacteria better, suppresses inflammation faster and stimulates metabolism.
In this regard, the main advantages of blood cleansing should be highlighted:
- Efficiency. According to patients' reviews, most of them were able to improve their health and strengthen their immunity.
- Safe and painless. There is no discomfort or pain during the procedures.
- Availability. In the absence of the opportunity to regularly visit a medical facility, plasmapheresis is carried out at home.
- Lack of preparation. There is no need to follow a special diet or medications before cleaning the blood.
Are there any disadvantages, possible complications
Blood cleansing (plasmapheresis), the price of which is often the reason for negative reviews, will bring the maximum benefit to the patient if it is performed by a professional anesthesiologist with the help of an assistant or nurses.
The use of modern equipment plays an important role in successful treatment. But even if all the rules and precautions are followed, the body can react unpredictably to this type of treatment.
As a result of plasmapheresis, complications such as:
- allergy (Quincke's edema, urticaria, anaphylactic shock) - occurs in response to donor plasma or anti-thrombotic drugs;
- hypotension - arterial pressure decreases sharply only in the case of a simultaneous sampling of a large blood volume;
- bleeding - is often a consequence of exceeding the dosage of anticoagulants that prevent clotting;
-
thrombosis - develops due to the ineffectiveness of coagulants or their use in insufficient dosage (with getting into a blood vessel of a smaller diameter, a thrombus closes the lumen, preventing the flow of liquid fabrics);
- sepsis - the reason lies in the plasmapheresis procedure with violations of the rules of sanitation and asepsis (as a rule, blood poisoning is diagnosed in patients after cleaning with a non-apparatus method);
- renal failure - the result of incompatibility and rejection of the donor material by the body.
Is it worth doing blood cleansing during menstruation?
Contraindications may interfere with extracorporeal detoxification. Do not cleanse the blood for people suffering from hemophilia and other diseases that affect its coagulation. Also, plasmapheresis is not performed in patients with unstoppable bleeding and open gastric ulcer.
Since menstruation itself is associated with inevitable blood loss, during menstruation, blood cleaning should not be done in order to avoid intense bleeding. Thus, plasmapheresis can negatively affect the general condition of a woman in the first days of the cycle.
Carrying out during pregnancy
This method of treatment in gynecology and obstetrics is resorted to only in cases where it is impossible the use of antibiotics, or the patient has a tendency to allergic reactions to certain substances. It is known that women who underwent plasmapheresis with the threat of termination of pregnancy managed to give birth to healthy children on time.
The indications for blood cleansing in pregnant women are the following conditions:
- acute toxicosis;
- confirmed Rh-conflict;
- history of autoimmune diseases;
- the presence in the past of miscarriages, missed pregnancies;
- severe form of preeclampsia;
- cytomegalovirus infection;
- herpes;
- chlamydia;
- fetoplacental insufficiency;
- asthma;
- pyelonephritis;
- preeclampsia.
The use of plasmapheresis helps to maintain the normal course of pregnancy and keep the fetus in the womb until delivery. To normalize the mother's condition, reduce the risk of fetal hypoxia and other negative consequences, a minimum number of blood cleansing procedures is usually enough.
Indications
It is a mistake to think that plasmapheresis is one of the ways to prevent and prevent diseases of the blood, heart, and immune system. This procedure is carried out only according to the testimony of specialists. As a rule, doctors give recommendations to their patients about undergoing a course of blood cleansing when the main therapeutic program does not give positive dynamics.
Plasmapheresis sessions are especially useful in the presence of:
- autoimmune diseases;
- heart disease;
- high blood cholesterol levels;
- complications after myocardial infarction;
- rheumatic joint lesions and arthritis;
- atherosclerosis of the blood vessels;
- pathologies of the vessels of the lungs;
- bronchial asthma;
- alveolitis;
- complex viral pneumonia;
- ulcerative diseases of the intestinal tract;
- violations of the hepatobiliary system;
- diabetes mellitus;
- chronic dermatological diseases;
- allergic lesions;
- kidney pathologies;
- oncological diseases;
- hepatitis A;
- infertility;
- pregnancy with Rh-conflict;
- alcohol and drug addiction.
This list is not exhaustive. The conclusion about the presence of indications for plasmapheresis is accepted only by the attending physician. Based on the responses of specialists, in combination with medical, surgical and physiotherapy methods of treatment, blood purification helps to achieve tangible improvements.
Contraindications
Blood cleaning, regardless of the price of the procedure, is assigned to patients based on the results of a preliminary examination. Limitations to plasmapheresis can be divided into absolute and relative.
Absolute contraindications to the use of this type of treatment are:
- oncological diseases at the terminal stage;
- cerebral circulation disorders;
- bleeding of any localization;
- hepatic or renal failure.
With regard to conditional prohibitions, here we are talking about restrictions in the procedure. For example, a patient does not have bleeding at the time of treatment, which means that there are no absolute contraindications. But in the event that this person has insufficiently good blood clotting, plasmapheresis can be carried out only under one condition - the use of hemostatics.
Also, relative contraindications include:
| Pathology | Why is it a contraindication |
| Open stomach ulcer, duodenal ulcer | Plasmapheresis will increase the risk of bleeding. |
| Arrhythmia, low blood pressure | During the procedure, the body loses a small amount of liquid tissues for some time, which can negatively affect the functionality of the cardiovascular system. |
| Protein deficiency | This substance is vital for the smooth functioning of all organs and systems. If there is not enough protein in the blood, it is important to take into account that after plasmapheresis sessions it will become even less, and to assess the possible risks. |
| Acute infections | During the period of illness, the body intensively fights against pathogenic pathogens. Plasmapheresis can seriously harm the cardiovascular system, which is already experiencing increased stress. |
Varieties of techniques
Today, clinics use the following blood purification methods:
- centrifugal;
- membrane;
- cascading;
- non-hardware;
- cryoplasmapheresis.
The centrifugal technique is based on the gravitational laws of physics. The removed material quickly rotates inside the apparatus, due to which the liquid tissue is divided into several components. After processing, the plasma is eliminated, and the blood cells are returned to the patient's body.
The centrifugal method is rarely used because it has more contraindications than other, newer methods. In addition, after such a procedure, not all cells remain intact.
Blood cleaning (plasmapheresis), the price of which was indicated above, is also carried out by the membrane method. In this case, it is assumed the use of a device equipped with a filtration pore system capable of passing plasma and retaining blood cells.
Compared to centrifugation, such a manipulation is considered more preferable due to the absolute sterility of the filters and the protection of the processed material from infection. The membrane plasmapheresis procedure takes less time. This type of blood cleansing is indicated for the treatment of patients with malignant tumors.
With cascade processing, blood goes through 2 stages of filtration. First of all, the cell mass is removed from the tissue, after which the plasma is cleared of lipids, excess proteins and toxins. The cascade method of plasmapheresis is considered the most effective for patients with atherosclerosis.
The most accessible type of blood cleaning manipulation does not involve the use of special equipment. Liquid tissue, subjected to gravitational force, is divided into 2 components. The cost of non-apparatus procedures is much lower than membrane or cascade procedures, but it is impossible to purify blood in a large volume with this method.
During cryoplasmapheresis, plasma is first removed, then frozen and immediately heated to +4 ° C. After that, the material is placed in a centrifuge. The sediment is removed, and the remaining clear plasma is returned to the patient's bloodstream.
Survey
Diagnostics of the body before plasmapheresis is a prerequisite.
The examination consists of several analyzes:
- general blood test;
- coagulogram, which determines the degree of coagulation, the tendency to bleeding and the formation of blood clots;
- Wasserman test for syphilis;
- analysis of the level of sugar and protein in the blood.
In addition to laboratory tests, blood pressure is measured in patients before blood purification (in the case of a significant deviation from the norm, the procedure is not carried out) and an ECG is made in order to assess the performance of cardio-vascular system.
Preparatory activities
2 days before the manipulation, you should:
- stop drinking alcoholic beverages, strong tea and coffee;
- observe the drinking regime (drink at least 1.5-2 liters of water per day);
- consult a doctor about the advisability of taking medications that can affect blood coagulation (coagulants, anticoagulants, fibirinolytics, aggregates).
Smoking is prohibited 2 hours before the procedure, and it is advisable to visit the toilet before starting the procedure.
Stages and their features
Blood cleansing manipulation is carried out as follows:
- The patient is placed on a special chair in which he can take any comfortable body position.
- Then a catheter is connected to the vein located in the elbow bend area, pumping the material into a sterile bag. If a blood vessel is difficult to access, blood is taken from the subclavian vein.
- The filled bag is installed in the apparatus in which the blood will be processed by separating it into plasma, blood cells, lipids and other elements.
- Blood purified from certain components is returned to the vein through the same installed catheter, depending on the indications.
- At the end of plasmapheresis for about half an hour, the patient should remain under the supervision of specialists.
The duration of one procedure is 1-1.5 hours. Taking into account the responses of the patients, no pain or physical discomfort is felt during the session. Over the next day, you cannot visit the bathhouse, sauna, take a hot bath and even consume too hot food and drinks. Rest and refusal from physical activity is also recommended.
Effect of the procedure
Plasmapheresis helps to cleanse the body of urea, creatinine, uric acid - metabolic products. By any of the methods used, pathogenic antibodies, antigens, hormones, high molecular weight lipids and other harmful microparticles are removed from the blood.
In this case, the withdrawal of plasma causes a general decrease in the volume of circulating blood, which makes compensatory and protective mechanisms turn on. Therefore, excess fluid leaves the tissues of the body and rushes to the vessels, as a result of which the general and local swelling decreases.
Blood cleaning (plasmapheresis), the price of which may differ in Russia, improves its physical and chemical parameters. The blood loses its excessive viscosity, therefore it delivers more oxygen to the organs. In addition to blood, with each subsequent stage, all vital structures are gradually cleansed, including the heart, liver, lungs, and skin.
Unfortunately, the result achieved by blood purification is short-lived: deviations will be noticeable after 4-5 hours, and after a day, the qualitative composition of the liquid tissue will become the same.
A one-time passage of the plasmapheresis procedure does not make much sense, therefore experts advise to cleanse the blood with a treatment course, consisting of at least three sessions to improve the general condition of the body and eliminate the clinical manifestations of intoxication toxins.
The blood cleansing course involves taking 350-500 ml of material 3-5 times. For 1 session, about a third of the total volume of circulating liquid connective tissue is filtered. Based on this, the cost of such treatment can reach $ 30-40 thousand. rub.
The variety of blood cleaning methods allows patients to independently choose the type of plasmapheresis manipulation, based on the complexity of the disease and the cost of the procedures. In addition, you should not rely on the result of plasmapheresis alone. Only an integrated approach to treatment and the implementation of medical prescriptions will provide healing from the disease.
Plasmapheresis video
Plasmapheresis blood purification: