Anemia. Symptoms in women, causes, treatment

Anemia (anemia) is a pathological condition in which the structure of blood cells is disrupted. The disease is secondary and often occurs against the background of other pathologies. Symptoms in women and men depend on the underlying problem, resulting in decreased hemoglobin levels in the blood. The diagnosis and treatment is carried out by a hematologist.

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In medicine, there is a large classification of anemia, which allows you to establish the correct diagnosis with a high tonality. Pathological changes are distinguished depending on the provoking factor, according to the severity and the violations present. Without the timely help of a hematologist, any form of anemia can be fatal.

Iron-deficiency anemia

The pathological condition is characterized by a disruption in the production of hemoglobin, which is responsible for the transport of oxygen. The main reason in most cases is the lack of iron in the human body.

Aplastic anemia

An acquired disorder that interferes with the function of the bone marrow, in particular its ability to produce blood cells (hemoglobin).

For a long time, pathological processes proceed without pronounced symptoms, symptoms rarely occur.

B12 deficiency anemia

The pathological condition is characterized by a lack of vitamin B12 in the human body. It takes part in the growth and maturation of blood cells, for the production of which the bone marrow is responsible. Vitamin B12 is also essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system.

Distinctive external signs of B12 deficiency anemia are a person's disturbed gait, tingling and numbness in the fingers. Pathology is more often diagnosed in elderly people. Enlarged erythrocytes are detected in human blood. The provoking factors are digestive diseases and parasitic damage to the body.

Hemolytic anemia

Anemia, which occurs against the background of a conflict between the erythrocytes of the mother and the child. They have incompatible antigens. The mother's cells enter the placenta and destroy the fetal blood cells. The severity of the condition depends on the number of blood cells present in the placenta.

Post-hemorrhagic anemia

Anemia, which provokes chronic or acute bleeding. In the first case, the symptoms of pathological processes appear slowly. In acute bleeding, the victim's condition deteriorates rapidly. Without medical care, there is a risk of coma or death.

Sickle cell anemia

A disease in which hemoglobin is produced with a defect. Pathological changes lead to the fact that the erythrocyte is stretched and takes on a sickle shape. These blood cells have poor plasticity. They clog small blood vessels and increase blood viscosity. Sickle erythrocytes have sharp ends, with which they pierce each other, subsequently being destroyed.

Thalassemia

Pathological processes develop due to a violation of the rate of hemoglobin production. Thalassemia is an inherited disorder that does not respond to treatment. Therapy allows you to alleviate the course of pathology.

In medicine, a separate type of anemia is also distinguished, which often occurs in pregnant women. Minor deviations that relate to the level of hemoglobin are considered the norm during the period of bearing a child. This happens because hormonal disorders are observed in the woman's body.

Stages and degrees

Anemia (symptoms in women will help determine the stage of the disease and choose an effective treatment) is accompanied by a violation of the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. Depending on the severity of the changes, the following degrees of anemia are distinguished:

Name	Description
Mild degree	The hemoglobin level decreases by 20% of the established norm and is 115-90 g / l. The patient complains of general weakness in the body, increased fatigue and decreased concentration.
Medium severity	The concentration of hemoglobin is reduced by 20-40%. The number of blood cells ranges from 90-70 g / l. The pathological condition is accompanied by shortness of breath, palpitations, sleep disturbances and headache. There is also tinnitus, appetite worsens, libido decreases, the skin turns pale.
Severe anemia	The hemoglobin level is 40% lower (70 g / l). The person develops symptoms of heart failure.

The exact parameters of deviations will help to establish a general blood test, which the hematologist prescribes to patients, taking into account the symptoms present and the degree of development of the pathological condition.

Symptoms and Signs

Symptoms of anemia in women and men depend on the underlying disease, against which pathological changes have occurred. The clinical picture will allow the doctor to determine the degree and stage of damage to the human body, to choose the most effective treatment.

Anemia in women and men is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• muscle weakness;
• hair loss, brittle nails;
• taste preferences change;
• the skin turns pale;
• in women, the menstrual cycle is disturbed;
• human performance decreases;
• general weakness appears;
• irritability increases;
• there is a sharp change in mood;
• the person gets tired quickly;
• drowsiness is present;
• headache worries;
• an extraneous sound or ringing appears in the ears;
• shortness of breath occurs periodically;
• midges appear before the eyes;
• dizziness is accompanied by imbalance;
• sometimes the pain in the region of the heart worries.

Iron deficiency anemia causes a person to lose consciousness. The heartbeat also increases, and there are problems with concentration. In some situations, anemia occurs without pronounced symptoms and is detected during a routine examination.

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Causes

The provoking reasons are numerous factors that can have a complex negative effect on the human body:

• unhealthy diet, strict diets;
• diseases that disrupt the production of red blood cells (chronic infections, oncological processes);
• disruption of the functioning of the organs of the digestive system, when the absorption of necessary substances fails;
• chronic bleeding;
• period of bearing the baby;
• damage to the spleen;
• blood donation;
• professional sports;
• avitaminosis;
• damage to the human body by parasites;
• autoimmune disorders;
• the use of oral contraceptives;
• bad habits (abuse of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products);
• genetic abnormalities;
• severe burns, mechanical injury, frostbite;
• poisoning of the body with poisonous substances.

In any situation, a person develops characteristic symptoms, with which it is important to immediately go to the hospital. Lack of medical care in the development of anemia will lead to serious complications.

Diagnostics

Anemia (symptoms in women depend on the provoking factor and the degree of damage to the body) requires a comprehensive examination in order to accurately determine the cause of the pathological condition. The results of the study will help not only to establish a diagnosis, but also to choose the most effective treatment.

Diagnostic measures are prescribed by a hematologist, taking into account the patient's complaints and accompanying symptoms:

Name	Description
General and biochemical blood test	All blood parameters are evaluated to determine pathological processes.
Fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS)	The doctor examines the walls of the esophagus and stomach, assesses the condition of the mucous membrane.
Fecal occult blood test	The test results will help identify chronic bleeding in the organs of the digestive system.
Ultrasound examination (ultrasound)	Diagnostics is carried out in order to carefully examine the state of the liver, kidneys and organs of the reproductive system.
X-ray	The lungs, structure and condition of tissues are examined for pathological changes.
Computed tomography (CT)	The most informative diagnostic method, with the help of which the pathological focus and its boundaries are determined with high accuracy.

It is important to differentiate the disease as a result of which the hemoglobin level has decreased. Many pathologies are accompanied by similar clinical symptoms. Additionally, the patient may be assigned a consultation with other specialized doctors (gastroenterologist, oncologist, gynecologist, therapist).

Treatment methods

Treatment of anemia is carried out using complex methods. With minor deviations, the patient is prescribed a dietary meal in order to restore the violation of the hemoglobin level. In severe cases, drug therapy is required, which is prescribed by a hematologist. If there are no serious contraindications, patients can use unconventional methods of healers and healers.

Drug therapy

Medicines are selected by a specialized specialist, referring to the results of a comprehensive

diagnostics and taking into account the patient's condition. It is important to adhere strictly to the regimen and dosages in order to reduce the likelihood of side effects.

The following iron preparations are prescribed for patients:

Name	Application	Contraindications
Sorbifer	The medicine is taken 1 tablet 2 times a day. The course of treatment lasts 2-6 months. The drug is preferably taken before meals. Swallow the tablets whole and drink plenty of water.	stenosis of the gastrointestinal tract; diseases with high iron deposition; hypersensitivity to the constituent components.
Tardiferon	The tablets are not chewed, swallowed whole, washed down with a sufficient amount of liquid. The medicine is recommended to be taken with meals or before meals. The adult dosage is 1-2 tablets 1 time per day. The minimum course of treatment lasts 3-6 months.	hemochromatosis; hemolytic anemia; hypersensitivity to active ingredients; impaired absorption of iron; childhood.
Folic acid	The daily dosage of the drug for an adult patient is 5 mg. The duration of therapy is 20-30 days.	individual sensitivity to the composition.
Maltofer	The medicine should be taken with or after meals. Chew the tablets or swallow them whole with a little water. The dosage of the drug is selected depending on the condition of the person and is 1-3 tablets per day. The course of treatment lasts 3-5 months.	excess iron in the body; hypersensitivity to the composition; violation of the mechanism for removing iron from the body; obstructive diseases of the digestive tract; intestinal obstruction; anemia not caused by iron deficiency.
Cyanocobalamin	The medicine is administered subcutaneously, intravenously or intramuscularly. The adult dosage is 100-500 mcg, depending on the condition of the person. The medicine is administered every other day until complete recovery.	erythrocytosis; neoplasms; hypersensitivity to the composition of the drug; angina pectoris; acute thromboembolic diseases.

In severe and emergency situations, the patient needs surgery, which involves the removal of the spleen or bone marrow transplant. Severe intoxication of the body is treated with blood transfusion and the use of complex therapy with additional drugs (corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, immunosuppressants).

Diet

Anemia (symptoms in women in some cases are completely absent) in any situation requires complex therapy. At an early stage of the disease, a properly composed diet will help restore hemoglobin levels and reduce the load on the organs of the digestive system.

Featured Products	Prohibited foods
vegetables and fruits, herbs cream, butter meat fish bread confectionery beans, peas oatmeal beef and pork liver plum and pomegranate juice natural honey walnuts, hazelnuts eggs bitter chocolate	flour and pastry products fried and fatty foods strong coffee and tea alcoholic drinks salted and pickled foods sweet carbonated drinks whole grains canned food milk products

With anemia, you should eat often and in small portions. All dishes should be at room temperature. Too hot or cold foods irritate the mucous membrane, disrupting the absorption of essential substances. We must also not forget about the drinking regime. Every day a person needs to drink 30 ml per 1 kg of body weight.

Folk remedies

Anemia (symptoms in women require comprehensive diagnosis and consultation with a hematologist) can be treated unconventional methods, but strictly after consulting a doctor and adhering to all established recommendations. It must be remembered about the high likelihood of an allergic reaction or individual sensitivity.

Effective folk remedies for anemia:

Name	Recipe	Application
Healing mixture	Squeeze out pomegranate, lemon, apple and carrot juice. Mix the nectars in equal parts and add 1 tbsp to them. natural honey. Pour the resulting mass into a glass container, close it tightly with a lid and leave in the refrigerator for 2 days.	The finished product is taken every day for 2 tablespoons. 3-4 times.
Clover	Pour hot water (1 tbsp) over meadow grass (10 g). Insist 30-45 minutes and strain well.	The tincture is taken orally. The recommended dosage for an adult is 2 tablespoons. 3 times a day.
Jerusalem artichoke	Pour 1 tbsp. flowers of grass with boiling water (3 tbsp.), pre-grind. The resulting mass must be kept in a closed container for 8 hours and filtered.	The finished medicine should be taken orally at 0.5 tbsp. 3-4 times a day before meals for 15 minutes.
Herbal collection	Mix in equal parts yarrow inflorescence, dandelion roots and dioecious nettle leaves. Grind all components and pour 30 g of herbal collection with boiling water (300 ml). Insist 3 hours and strain well.	The finished broth must be divided into 3 parts and taken before meals throughout the day.
Cranberry tincture	Pour the fresh berries of the plant (200 g) with red wine (200 ml). The resulting tincture must be kept in the refrigerator for 2 weeks.	The finished product is taken orally 20 ml 4 times a day, preferably before meals. The course of treatment lasts 1 month.

Strawberries, currants and rowan berries also help to increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood. It is necessary to grind them and mix in equal proportions until a homogeneous consistency is obtained. The berry remedy is taken every day for 0.5 tbsp. 2 times.

Possible consequences and complications

Anemia without timely medical care against the background of long-term development provokes serious complications, as a result of which other diseases may appear.

The consequences of anemia in women and men:

• immunity decreases;
• fatigue becomes chronic;
• the liver is enlarged;
• chronic inflammatory processes destroy the mucous membrane in the organs of the digestive system, which is why pathological changes develop;
• the level of intelligence and concentration of attention decreases;
• the lower extremities are swollen;
• neurological diseases develop, as a result of which there is severe pain in the lower extremities or sensitivity completely disappears.

The most serious complication of anemia is cardiomyopathy, an often fatal condition.

Anemia in women and men occurs as a result of numerous provoking factors. The main thing when pathological changes appear is not to miss the first symptoms and immediately go to the hospital. Progressive disorders will lead to serious complications, up to the death of a person. Self-treatment is important to completely exclude in order to prevent deterioration in health.

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