Risperidone. Instructions, indications for use, price, reviews

Risperidone is a medical drugused in the treatment of mental and neurological diseases. The medication has an extensive list of indications and has a high therapeutic effect.

Release form

The drug is produced in Russia in the form of an oral solution. The liquid is colorless, transparent, with a slight characteristic medicinal odor. The medicine is contained in polymer bottles of various sizes and packed in a cardboard box.

Chemical composition

The main component of the drug is risperidone.

Auxiliary composition:

• food additive E334;
• sodium benzoate;
• sodium hydroxide;
• purified water.

Additional ingredients complement each other and enhance the effect of the main substance.

Pharmacological properties

The medicine belongs to the group of antipsychotic drugs. It has structural overlap with dopamine and serotonin receptors. The active component interacts with histamine and adrenergic receptors. It has no similarity with cholinergic receptors.

Unlike neuroleptic drugs, this medication has a less pronounced effect aimed at reducing motor function and reducing cataleptic manifestations. The drug does not cause the development of side reactions in the form of extrapyramidal disorders. The main substance can influence the concentration of prolactin.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

When administered orally, the main component is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum content of the ingredient is noted after 1-2 hours. At the same time, food intake does not affect the rate of absorption.

The maximum level of the main substance occurs in a day. The concentration of metabolites is observed after 4-5 days. The ingredient is quickly distributed throughout the tissues of the body and enters into a relationship with proteins (about 88%). The active substance lends itself to metabolic reactions in the liver and forms an active metabolite.

The half-life of the ingredient is 3 hours, the metabolite is 24 hours. About 70% of the component is excreted in the urine after 7 days. About 14% of the substance leaves the body along with the feces. In the elderly, as well as in patients with kidney failure, the level of the active substance is higher. In this case, the half-life increases.

Indications for use

Risperidone (indications for use of the drug are extensive) is widely used in psychiatric and neurological practice.

Indications:

• various forms and stages of schizophrenia;
• psychotic disorders with a pronounced form and symptomatology (hallucinations, delusional states, suspicion, violation of thinking processes, lack of emotions);
• schizophrenia, expressed in the form of affective behavior;
• preventive treatment of chronic schizophrenia (to prevent exacerbations);
• dementia, combined with behavioral disturbances and aggression;
• disorders of mental functions;
• mania due to the development of bipolar disorder.

The tool is approved for use only with the permission of a doctor and after confirming the diagnosis.

Contraindications

The medicine has several contraindications. Thus, it is prohibited for use with intolerance to the components, as well as in childhood and adolescence. During pregnancy, the solution is prescribed taking into account the intended benefits and expected risks. With lactation, breastfeeding should be abandoned for the entire period of therapy.

At what age can the drug be used?

The medication is approved for prescription starting from the age of 15, since there is no information on the safety and efficacy of the drug in childhood.

Instructions for use, dosage

The drug is indicated for oral administration. Dosages are calculated according to the identified disorder and the physiological characteristics of the patient. In this case, the initial dosage on the first day of therapy should be no more than 0.25-2 mg per day. On the second day, the dosage is 4 mg per day. After that, this dosage must be maintained or, if necessary, changed downward.

For depression, anxiety

In depressive and anxious conditions, the dosage depends on the severity and severity of the disorder. Per day, 0.5-2 mg of solution is shown. In the first days of therapy, it is not recommended to take more than 0.5-1 mg. The duration of therapy is individual, according to the doctor's recommendations.

With OCD

For obsessive-compulsive disorder, the starting dosage should not exceed 1 mg per day. If necessary, the daily rate can be increased to 5 mg per day. The duration of treatment is individual (several months).

With dementia

For dementia, 0.25 mg is prescribed 2 times a day (morning and evening). In most cases, patients are prescribed 0.5 mg 2 times a day. However, in some situations, it is possible to use 1 mg 2 times a day. The course is prescribed by the attending physician.

With schizophrenia

In the treatment of schizophrenia, the initial dosage should vary within 0.5 mg 2 times a day. With good tolerance, the dose can be increased to 1-2 mg 2 times a day. Duration of admission - individual, according to the testimony of a specialist.

With autism

For autism, the recommended starting dose is 0.5 mg once daily. However, the optimal rate for most patients is 1 mg 1 time per day. In more difficult cases and with good tolerance, the solution is prescribed 1.5 mg per day. The duration of use is individual, according to the doctor's recommendations.

Side effects

Risperidone (indications for the use of the medication can be supplemented by the attending specialist) must be used with extreme caution and only under the guidance of a doctor (psychiatrist). According to the studies, the drug is well tolerated by patients and, in extremely rare cases, can lead to the development of unwanted symptoms.

Side effects:

• CNS disorders: sleep disturbances, anxiety, agitation, migraines, increased fatigue and drowsiness. Dizziness, impaired concentration, blurred vision may also occur. In more rare cases, signs of extrapyramidal disorders, seizures, dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome develop.
• Digestive organs: constipation, nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, increased activity of liver enzymes.
• Reproductive system: erectile dysfunction, problems with orgasm and ejaculation, prolonged pathological erection.
• The cardiovascular system: increase or decrease in blood pressure, tachycardia (reflex disorder).
• Endocrine Disorders: disruptions in the menstrual cycle, enlargement of the mammary glands in men according to the female type, overweight, excretion of breast milk in men, amenorrhea.
• Hemopoietic functions: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia.
• Allergy Signs: rashes, angioedema, rhinitis.
• Other reactions: dysuria.

In the event of the development of these reactions, you should stop further taking the drug and contact a specialist.

Overdose

If the dosages indicated in the instructions are exceeded, negative symptoms may develop.

Overdose:

• increased sleepiness;
• inhibited reactions;
• tachycardia;
• lowering pressure;
• extrapyramidal disorders;
• convulsions;
• arrhythmia (ventricular disorder).

  

With these signs, you must consult a doctor for symptomatic therapy. As a treatment, gastric lavage is performed and sorbents are prescribed (no later than 1 hour after taking the solution).

Heart rhythms are also monitored. In case of breathing problems, mechanical ventilation is prescribed and airway patency is maintained.

In the case of a decrease in pressure and in case of vascular disorders, sympathomimetic solutions are administered. In extrapyramidal conditions, anticholinergic drugs are prescribed. Treatment and observation is carried out until the patient is fully recovered.

special instructions

Risperidone should only be used as directed by a physician. In this case, it is necessary to observe the precautions specified in the instructions.

Thus, extreme caution should be given to patients with the following conditions and disorders:

• pathology of the cardiovascular system (heart failure, heart attack, conduction disorders);
• dehydration;
• cerebrovascular diseases;
• a decrease in the volume of circulating blood.

In these cases, the dosage of the drug should be increased gradually. The risk of orthostatic collapse is significantly increased at the very beginning of therapy. With the development of such a violation, it is necessary to adjust the doses used. The solution should be used with extreme caution with other drugs with a central action.

After completing the course of taking carbamazepine and MPF inducers, the dosage of the main agent should be changed downward. The entire period of therapy must be followed by dietary nutrition, since the drug can lead to weight gain.

It is recommended to give up driving or other work with increased psychomotor activity. The timing of such restrictions is set individually, based on the patient's sensitivity to the medication.

Drug interactions

The solution may interact with other drugs. The combined use of the main drug with MPP inducers may reduce the blood level of the first medication.

An increase in the concentration of the active substance of the drug can increase with its simultaneous use with the following agents:

• tricyclic antidepressants;
• derivatives of phenothiazine;
• β-blockers.

A decrease in the level of components of the main medication can be observed when it is combined with carbamazepine. The solution may lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of levodopa and other dopamine receptor agonists. The simultaneous use of the drug with fluoxetine can lead to an increase in the level of the components of the main agent.

Analogs

Risperidone (indications for the use of generics may differ slightly from the recommendations for the main drug), if necessary, can be replaced with agents similar in action. Similar medications are prescribed if the main product is poorly tolerated. When choosing a substitute, the physiological characteristics of the patient and the severity of the disease should be taken into account.

The choice of a generic drug should only be dealt with by the attending specialist.

Invega (Italy)

This analogue is available in the form of tablets for oral administration.

The main ingredient is paliperidone. The drug belongs to the class of antipsychotic drugs and is used in the treatment of the following disorders:

• schizophrenia, including exacerbated conditions;
• preventive treatment of recurrent schizophrenia;
• schizophrenic diseases in children from 12 to 17 years old;
• the course of schizophrenia in conjunction with affective disorders.

Dosages: from 3 to 12 mg 1 time per day, depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's age. Duration of admission - long-term, according to the doctor's recommendations according to the established diagnosis. The drug is contraindicated in case of intolerance to the components.

It can be used with extreme caution if the patient has the following disorders:

• elderly patients with identified dementia;
• Parkinson's syndrome;
• convulsions, as well as disorders leading to a decrease in convulsive readiness;
• dysphagia and narrowing of the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.

During pregnancy, the medication is used only if absolutely necessary. For children under 12 years of age, the medication is contraindicated. Patients with functional lesions of the kidneys and liver need a dosage adjustment. The entire period of treatment, the patient's condition should be strictly controlled by a specialist (psychiatrist). Dispensing method - prescription. Cost - from 1520 to 3090 rubles.

Rileptid (Hungary)

Risperidone (indications for the use of the drug must be clarified with a psychiatrist) can be replaced by such an identical agent as Rileptide. This substitute is also a representative of the antipsychotic group of drugs and is produced in pill form. Risperidone is used as an active ingredient.

Indications:

• schizophrenia and accompanying symptoms;
• psychotic disorders;
• schizophrenia, accompanied by affective disorders;
• behavioral disorders (for elderly patients with dementia);
• mental activity disorders;
• various forms of mania;
• bipolar disorder.

Dosing regimen: depending on the detected pathology, 0.25-6 mg per day. With functional lesions of the liver and kidneys, dosages should vary between 0.5-2 mg 2 times a day. The duration of the course is individual, according to the recommendations of a psychiatrist.

Tablets are prohibited for use in children under 15 years of age, as well as with poor tolerance of the components. During the period of childbearing, the medication is used taking into account the expected benefits and perceived risks. Terms of sale - prescription. Cost - from 360 to 1070 rubles. depending on the dosage.

Abilify (Puerto Rico)

This medicine is produced in the form of tablets for oral administration. The active ingredient of the drug is aripiprazole, a component with a high antipsychotic effect.

The medication is used as a monotherapy or as part of a complex therapy for the following mental disorders:

• schizophrenia, including prevention of exacerbations;
• bipolar 1 disorder (including relapse prevention);
• manic syndrome (as adjuvant therapy);
• depression (adjuvant treatment).

Dosing features: 15-30 mg 1 time per day, regardless of food intake. The duration of use is individual, depending on the disease. Patients with insufficiency of the kidneys and liver, as well as the elderly, do not need to adjust the daily norms. Contraindications to the use of tablets are intolerance reactions and age under 18 years.

It is required to be careful when prescribing the drug to patients with various internal diseases:

• cardiovascular pathologies (heart attack, heart failure, ischemic disorders, conduction disturbances);
• cerebrovascular disorders;
• convulsive syndrome;
• low pressure;
• violation of intestinal motility;
• overweight;
• diabetes;
• high risks of developing aspiration pneumonia;
• overheating of the body;
• high physical activity.

The drug can be used in the treatment of mental disorders in pregnant women only taking into account the potential danger and intended benefits. Dispensing system - by prescription. Prices - from 4500 rubles.

Terms, conditions of sale and storage

• The drug should be stored in a dark and dry place at temperatures up to 25 ⁰C.
• Expiration date - 2 years from the date of issue.
• Do not use after the expiration date stated on the package.
• Dispensing method - by prescription.

Price

Solution prices may vary slightly depending on the region of sale and the pharmacy trade network. You can clarify the availability of funds, as well as find out its cost at any pharmacy located at the place of residence.

Region / region	Dosage form / dosage	Price
Moscow, Moscow region	Solution, 1 mg, 30 ml	RUB 225-300
St. Petersburg	Tablets, 2 mg, 20 pcs.	RUB 115-305
Saint Petersburg (suburbs)	Solution, 1 mg, 30 ml	RUB 170-255
Leningrad region	Solution, 1 mg, 30 ml	RUB 195-270
Novgorod region	Tablets, 2 mg, 20 pcs.	RUB 65-530

Before using Risperidone, it is necessary to read the instructions (special attention should be paid to indications and contraindications) and a doctor's consultation. If necessary, it is recommended to study the reviews of patients who have taken the drug.

Video about the drug Risperidone

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