Content
- What is Diaskintest
- What does bruise mean
- What is considered the norm
- In case of possible infection
- In case of an allergic reaction
- How the result is assessed
- When passes
- How to prevent bruising
- Video about the bruise in the place of the mantoux
Diaskintest is a drug administered subcutaneously to determine the immune response to tuberculosis pathogens and allowing, based on the immune response, to draw a conclusion about a possible infection.
Manifesting as a papule, a slight bruise or redness formed at the injection site, the drug makes it possible to notice the presence in the body in time Koch's sticks and prevent the development of tuberculosis, which requires not only long-term and expensive treatment, but also can cause fatal outcome.
What is Diaskintest
Diaskintest is a modern alternative to the Mantoux reaction, carried out for adults and children aged 4 to 18 years. Containing synthetic tuberculin, the drug is injected subcutaneously and, if injected incorrectly or possible infection, allows you to see a small bruise on the patient's hand.
The rules for conducting Diaskintest are exactly the same as for the Mantoux reaction, and after the introduction of synthetic tuberculin, the patient is prohibited from wetting and combing the puncture site.
- Before the injection, the doctor carefully examines the patient to identify contraindications to the study.
- The right or left hand of a child or adult (whichever is active) treated with alcohol, and then the drug is injected into it using a disposable syringe with silicone pomp.
The drug Diaskintest, unlike other reagents, is much less likely to provoke the appearance of side effects, but, as noted by WHO experts and Russian pediatricians, due to the peculiarities of the structure of the skin of children, its introduction is almost always accompanied by the formation of a small hematoma.
The term for studying the analysis result is 72 hours. After this time, the absence or presence of inflammation formed at the puncture site is determined, measured its width, which allows us to conclude about the possible development in the body of inflammatory tuberculous process.
It is contraindicated to carry out Diaskentest in case of:
- acute infectious diseases;
- recurrence of chronic pathologies;
- acute dermatitis;
- allergies;
- decompensated epilepsy.
The drug can be used during pregnancy if the benefits of the injection significantly exceed the possible harm to the mother and her unborn baby.
The introduction of the drug does not require a special diet, and after the injection, the following may appear:
- increased body temperature;
- minor allergic manifestations, such as redness of the mucous membranes and skin, watery eyes, itching and shortness of breath;
- changes in blood pressure.
Compared with natural tuberculin used in the Mantoux reaction, Disintest very rarely provokes allergic reactions and false positive results, which avoids unnecessary use of drugs that have a destructive effect on the body of young children. The Mantoux test is less specific and is capable of giving a sharp immune response even when infected with non-tuberculous bacteria.
Symptoms of an allergic reaction with Diaskintest in most cases go away on their own and do not affect the assessment of the study results. Quite often, the drug is administered to young children, with a bend in the Mantoux reaction or a false-positive result of a tuberculin test.
WHO specialists noted that, unlike the Mantoux reaction, Diaskintest does not give a positive reaction when a person is infected with bovine microbes tuberculosis, but unlike natural tuberculin, it is not able to show the presence of Koch's bacillus in the body at the initial stage of infection or at the time of exacerbation diseases.
Types of Diaskintest results:
| Result | Description |
| Negative result | Indicates the absence of infection. The inflammation that appears at the puncture site is completely absent or has a diameter of no more than 2 mm. |
| Positive result | It is diagnosed if a papule with a diameter of more than 2 mm forms at the puncture site and makes it possible to assume the presence of Koch's bacillus in the body. |
| False positive result | It is associated with the occurrence of inflammation at the puncture site, caused not by an infection of the body, but by an allergic reaction. There is no papule with a false positive result. |
| Hyperergic reaction | It occurs in the presence of inflammation and papules larger than 15 mm. |
What does bruise mean
A bruise at the site of Diaskintest can occur at the puncture site 24 hours after the injection. If its diameter does not exceed 5 mm, the doctor concludes that the infection of the body with Koch's bacillus has occurred, but it cannot cause harm due to its weakness.
With a pronounced reaction of more than 15 mm, the patient must consult a doctor and undergo additional examination, and, if necessary, take a course of medications that prevent the development of tuberculosis during the next 2 years.
A bruise may appear if the tactics of administering the drug are violated, or if a person has very thin skin. As noted by WHO doctors and Russian pediatricians, this problem is most often encountered in the study of young children, whose skin is so delicate that even a thin needle is injured. During the puncture, blood vessels located close to the skin are damaged, which leads to the formation of a gradually increasing hematoma.
According to a neonatologist, pediatrician of the Lipetsk State Rehabilitation Department, Aida Georgievna Karabekyan, the appearance of a bruise in most children under the age of 18 years old is only a skin reaction to the traumatic effect of an injection needle and is not accompanied by swelling or redness fabrics. A hematoma develops within 2-3 hours from the moment of injection and disappears on its own 3-4 days after the puncture.
When studying the results of the study, the doctor notices a bruise, but assesses not it, but a papule (or its absence) formed at the puncture site, since the hematoma itself, according to the pediatrician of the Tomsk Ogauz DB2 Furmanova Elena Aleksandrovna, is not a sign of infection person.
According to an oncologist at the Moscow Russian Oncology Center. N.N.Blokhin Baranovsky Dmitry Anatolyevich, not a single hematoma formed on the spot is considered a cause for concern punctures, and multiple bruises that appeared on the body after the Diaskintest and are a sharp immune response organism. This situation, according to the doctor, requires urgent additional research, including the delivery of a blood test.
What is considered the norm
A bruise at the site of Disintest up to 5 mm in size without papule formation is considered absolutely normal, does not require treatment and disappears on its own within 4–5 days. A small hematoma, according to pediatricians, does not affect the study of the reaction of the study and does not indicate infection with tuberculosis.
In case of possible infection
A bruise with Diaskintent not exceeding a size of 5 mm, but accompanied by the formation of a papule with a diameter of 2–4 mm is not considered a sign of tuberculosis, but only indicates that bacilli have entered the human body Koch. The bacterium, according to the neonatologist, pediatrician Aida Georgievna Karabekyan, in this case, although it is inside the body, is still weak enough to cause significant harm to the body.
In order for it not to get stronger and not start multiplying, the patient needs to take measures that enhance immunity:
- a lot of time to be in the fresh air;
- Healthy food;
- carry out hardening activities;
- exercise.
In addition, the patient needs to visit a phthisiatrician and additionally undergo fluorography.
In case of an allergic reaction
With an increase in the bruise up to 14-15 mm, doctors can assume a hyperergic (pronounced allergic) reaction in the human body. Its symptoms appear in a person not on the 2-3rd day, but several hours later from the moment of administration.
Signs of an allergic reaction are similar to those of a cold and cause the patient to:
- headache;
- weakness;
- increased body temperature;
- pain;
- nausea;
- violation of appetite.
Insomnia may also occur.
With a hyperergic reaction on the human body, an allergic rash may appear, affecting, among other things, the injection site. At the same time, acne or red spots itch strongly, giving the patient a lot of unpleasant sensations.
According to pediatrician Furmanova Elena Aleksandrovn, in most cases, hyperergia occurs as a result of a negative reaction of the body to foreign protein contained in synthetic tuberculin, but also makes it possible to assume the likelihood of developing pathological processes.
Only a phthisiatrician can determine the exact diagnosis, as well as the cause that caused the allergic reaction, after examination and receiving the results of additional tests.
The patient's condition improves after the drug is removed from the body. At the same time, other symptoms of an allergic reaction disappear.
How the result is assessed
A bruise at the site of Diaskintest appears immediately after the injection or within 2-3 days from the moment of its implementation. After 72 hours, it becomes possible to evaluate the result of the injection.
- If there is no bruise at the puncture site, the person is considered completely healthy.
- The presence of hyperemia (pronounced redness) in the absence of a bruise requires the appointment of additional studies.
In other cases, the appearance of a bruise with a papule suggests that Koch's sticks have entered the human body:
| Bruise size | Description |
| Up to 5 mm | Marks a mild reaction and occurs when the bacteria are weakened. |
| 5 to 9 mm | Indicates a moderate reaction. |
| 9 to 14 mm | Appears with a pronounced reaction and requires the appointment of prophylactic drugs. |
| Over 14-25 mm | Hyperergia that occurs with the development of an allergic reaction. |
In addition to the size of the hematoma, the presence or absence of an inflammatory process that has arisen at the injection site is also assessed, since the bruise itself, according to a doctor-hematologist of the Kolomna GBUZ MO KTSRH Stepashkina Anastasia Sergeevna, can only talk about a violation of the injection technique, and not about the possibility of development diseases.
When passes
The bruise at the site of Diaskintest should go away on its own 4-5 days after the administration of the drug.
If the hematoma does not go away within a week, the patient should consult a doctor to prevent the development of an abscess, which manifests itself:
- the formation of a tumor that is dense to the touch;
- the occurrence of pulsating pain at the injection site.
A purulent secret is formed inside the abscess, requiring urgent opening and medical manipulations, including:
- compresses with Vishnevsky ointment;
- washing the affected cavity with Miramistin or Chlorhexidine;
- bandaging with Ichthyol ointment.
How to prevent bruising
The reasons for the appearance of a bruise in the place of Diaskintest are associated with:
- very thin skin of the patient;
- the presence of blood vessels located close to the skin;
- the introduction of the drug with a blunt or very large needle;
- unprofessional administration of the vaccine.
Preventing the appearance of a hematoma will allow conducting research in specialized clinics by experienced specialists, including tuberculosis dispensaries, district polyclinics and private medical centers.
Most often, a hematoma forms on the hands of young children and adolescents. This is due not only to the high sensitivity of the skin of children, but also to the fact that, according to the tuberculosis dispensary Mosaleva Elena Ivanovna, are at risk and most susceptible to infection with a bacillus Koch.
Diaskintest injection is carried out for children and adolescents in educational institutions for children, clinics and anti-tuberculosis dispensaries, and injection technology requires the use of a sterile syringe with a silicone pump and a small diameter needle that reduces the likelihood the appearance of a hematoma.
Diaskintest is a drug used to detect tuberculosis in the early stages. Considered in medicine a modern alternative to the Mantoux reaction, the drug, when administered, can provoke formation hematoma associated with trauma to the capillaries and, if small, is not a sign of bacillus infection Koch. The bruise disappears on its own on the 4-5th day after the injection, without causing complications and pain.
Video about the bruise in the place of the mantoux
Bruise in place of mantoux:
