A dermatological disease that caused by a scabies mite is scabies. Another name for pathology is scabies. The disease can occur in children, it needs medication and alternative treatment.
The mite is small in size - about 0.4 mm in length. But females are 2 times larger than males. The body of the tick is convex, resembling the shell of a turtle, but with needles. Females remain on the human body, and males die after intercourse. The parasite attaches to the integument, but does not damage it, so there is no symptomatology. The mite can move deeper into the skin.
As a result, primary signs appear. The parasites move 1 to 5 mm in 24 hours. Eggs are laid every day. Average value - 2 pcs. Further, larvae appear from the eggs, they begin to reproduce on their own after 14 days. With scabies, up to 20 individuals are allowed on the human body. But some forms are characterized by a large number of mites.
Parasites are transmitted by contact with infected people. Females and their larvae can exist for some time in the external environment without food. Parasites die at low temperatures (-20 degrees). And at high values of the indicator, you can get rid of ticks, their larvae and eggs. Outside of humans, mites often inhabit wood surfaces or natural fabrics.
The disease is most dangerous in children. There are no age restrictions. The disease can even appear in infants. Regardless of age, the child has insufficiently formed protective functions of the skin.
The tick affects a large area of \ u200b \ u200bthe integument, the symptoms appear brightly. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and cure the disease in a timely manner (with the help of drugs, folk remedies and other methods).
Record content:
- 1 Views
- 2 Stages and degrees
- 3 Symptoms
- 4 Reasons for the appearance
- 5 Diagnostics
- 6 When to see a doctor
- 7 Prophylaxis
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8 Treatment methods
- 8.1 Medications
- 8.2 Traditional methods
- 8.3 Other methods
- 9 Possible complications
- 10 Scabies video
Views
Scabies in a child has a classification.
Varieties of the disease are indicated in the table:
| Scabies name | Description |
| Typical | The most common type of pathology. The child develops streaks from parasites. There are additional signs - itching, worsening at night, and rashes on the body. Typical scabies is caused by sexually mature females invading the skin layers. The length of the strokes can be up to 10 mm. Sometimes a black dot is visible in the depths of the damaged cover - this is the body of the tick. If the skin is thin, then the moves are clearly visible. |
| No moves | In this case, the parasites do not make holes in the skin. For example, in the case of larvae. That is, individuals cannot penetrate the skin. But with the vital activity of parasites, a rash occurs. The disease can last up to 1 month. Additionally, there is a high probability of the pathology turning into typical scabies. |
| Nodular | Scabies occurs in the absence or untimely treatment of a typical form of pathology. The name of the variety comes from the fact that the rash looks like nodules. Additionally, itching is present, the skin is bumpy. With nodular scabies, the genitals and past foci of the disease are affected. |
| Norwegian | Other names are crusty or crusty scabies. The species is rare. Tick-borne passages have a significant size and lesion focus. A rash forms all over the body. Norwegian scabies often occurs in individuals with weakened immune systems. For example, in the presence of oncology, HIV, tuberculosis. A type of disease is characterized by the appearance on the skin of a hard white-gray crust, an increase in lymph nodes. Additionally, the cover flakes and turns red. Unlike typical scabies, when the number of individuals on the body does not exceed 20, with the Norwegian form of the disease, the indicator reaches tens of thousands. Therefore, cortical pathology is the most contagious of all types. |
| Pseudo scab | Another name is false disease. Ticks from animals fall on the human body. The parasites are not dangerous, but itching occurs after 2 hours. Ticks do not penetrate the cover and do not multiply. The child is not a carrier of the disease, the itching goes away on its own. |
| Incognita | Other names are clean or discrete scabies, intelligent look. With the disease, the symptoms of a typical form are mild. The names arose from the fact that parasites appear on the body of people who wash frequently. On the one hand, a part of the ticks is washed off each time and this prevents their reproduction. But there is also a minus - a natural protective barrier does not have time to form on the skin. Symptoms are small, pale, barely noticeable skin rashes. |
Stages and degrees
Scabies in children (treatment, drugs will be recommended by a specialist) is divided into stages.
Namely:
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Incubation period. Another name for the stage is hidden. The period lasts from the moment when the parasites hit the skin until the signs of the disease appear. There are no symptoms, the person is unaware of the scabies mite. The stage can last up to 14 days. The indicator changes depending on the activity of the parasites. For example, when an adult female enters the body, she immediately gnaws through the passages and lays eggs, that is, the symptoms appear quickly. And when infected with larvae, the period lasts about 10 - 14 days. The average duration of the incubation stage is from 7 to 12 days. The more mites are on the skin, the shorter the period.
- The main stage. It is characterized by the manifestation of symptoms. If there is a relapse (repetition) of the disease, then there is no incubation period. In this case, the main stage develops as soon as the tick hits the body.
- Recovery. Ticks die with timely and effective therapy.
Symptoms
The disease is characterized by certain symptoms. Itching is the main symptom. The symptom is mild or severe. Itching becomes more pronounced in the evening, at night and after a shower (bath).
Additionally, with scabies, combs may appear. Possible wound infection and the formation of abscesses at the site of inflammation. This aggravates the course of the disease, so it is important not to allow the child to scratch the itchy areas. Additional symptoms may be present in children under 3 years of age.
Namely:
- disturbed sleep;
- excessive tearfulness and anxiety;
- increased body temperature;
- lack of appetite;
- damage to the nail plate - delamination or thickening occurs.
Skin rashes can be of the following types:
- small red spots - the place where the tick penetrates the skin;
- moves - represent the stripes along which the tick moves;
- large dots are the place where the tick emerges.
In children under 3 years of age, the rash usually appears on the upper limbs (palms are not excluded), head, legs (feet). Additionally, it may occur on the buttocks, back and face. In serious cases, the body is completely damaged.
Localization of rashes for children over 3 years old:
- upper limbs, especially between the toes;
- armpits;
- places of flexion of the elbows and knees (from the inside);
- abdominal cavity;
- buttocks;
- lateral parts of the body;
- face;
- head.
The symptoms of scabies are similar to other conditions. For example, heavy scratching is mistaken for an allergic reaction. Therefore, parents do not visit a doctor, they choose therapy on their own. Such actions are wrong.
With some types of scabies, there are no clear symptoms. Accordingly, it is impossible to identify parasitic passages without laboratory studies.
Reasons for the appearance
Any person can have scabies, regardless of gender or age. The transmission method is contact. That is, a tick can get on the skin of a healthy person when communicating with an infected one. Additionally, the transmission of pathology through household items, toys, bedding is allowed. A child can get infected anywhere - a kindergarten, a hospital, and more.
Additionally, there are risk factors. If there is any item, the child is more likely to have scabies.
Factors:
- transferred infectious or viral diseases;
- poor nutrition;
- weak protective functions of the body;
- pathology of the heart and blood vessels;
- damage to the skin, in which the integrity of the cover is violated;
- finding a child in unsanitary conditions;
- neglect of personal hygiene or excessive body washing;
- passive lifestyle.
Diagnostics
Scabies in children (treatment, drugs can be prescribed by a doctor) needs examination. The table shows the methods for diagnosing the disease.
| Name | Description |
| Complete blood count (CBC) | The study allows you to determine the state of health of the child. According to the results, the value of important indicators is revealed - hemoglobin, erythrocytes and more. Most often, children take blood from a finger. But after 5 years, it is allowed to take a biomaterial from a vein, in this case the result will be more accurate. The term for the readiness of the result varies from 1 to 3 days. The value can be increased on weekends and holidays. In private clinics, the result of the UAC is sent by e-mail. Additionally, you can clarify the information on the website of the medical organization (in your personal account). In the clinic, the result of the analysis goes to the district pediatrician. |
| General urine analysis (OAM) | The study is prescribed for children in the following cases:
The result sheet indicates the color, transparency, odor of the biomaterial. Additionally, attention is paid to the density, acidity of urine. And also indicate the value of important indicators (leukocytes, erythrocytes and others). Before collecting the biomaterial, the child should be washed with soap and water. This should be done from front to back. It is better not to use decoctions from herbal ingredients, as an allergic reaction may develop. Next, they begin to collect the biomaterial. For newborns, urine bags are sold that are glued to the skin around the external genitalia. If the child understands that he needs to go to the toilet, you can ask him to do it. Other options for collecting urine:
For OAM, 50 ml of biomaterial is enough. Newborns can collect 20 ml of urine. Errors that often occur when taking biomaterial:
|
| Scraping of affected skin areas and microscopic examination | To collect the site, a drug is applied to the supposed habitat of the ticks, scraping is performed (until blood appears). The material is transferred to a glass slide, examined under a microscope. With the help of research, it is possible to determine the scabies mite, its excrement, larvae. The analysis is carried out in the following cases:
|
| Videodermatoscopy | A procedure that allows you to get information about diseases of the skin. With the help of the apparatus, changes are detected that are not visible to the human eye. The examination involves a large magnification (10 - 70 times) using a dermatoscope. The device has a light element, the image is displayed on the monitor. During the procedure, photographic recording is allowed for a detailed examination of the skin or saving the results. |
If it is possible to get the tick out of the course, the parasite is sent to the laboratory for research.
Before diagnosing, you must adhere to the preparatory rules. They will be recommended by a specialist, depending on the list of procedures.
At home, a simple test can be done to determine if there is an itch. You need to take a cotton swab and moisten it with iodine. Next, anoint the supposed habitats of the ticks. If the skin is not affected, it will immediately absorb the drug and become light brown in color. In the presence of a tick, the course is clearly visible, and the cover will be dark brown.
Diagnostic costs may vary. It all depends on the list of procedures, city and organization. Therefore, it is better to find out the price in a specific clinic.
You can get tested for free. To do this, you need to contact the clinic with a compulsory health insurance policy (MHI).
When to see a doctor
Scabies in a child requires a visit to a specialist. Treatment (medication, folk) and diagnosis of the disease is in the competence of a dermatologist or parasitologist. First, the specialist asks the parents or the child himself about the symptoms.
Next, important indicators are measured (blood pressure, pulse, temperature). Then the skin is examined, paying attention to the affected areas. The doctor will send the child for an examination, based on the results of which a diagnosis is made and therapy is prescribed.
If it is not possible to visit a dermatologist or parasitologist, it is allowed to contact a pediatrician. This is a specialist who is engaged in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pathologies in children under 18 years of age.
Symptoms requiring an urgent call to your doctor:
- severe itching;
- a sharp increase in body temperature;
- severe nervousness or anxiety in the child;
- a sharp deterioration in health.
Prophylaxis
Scabies in children (treatment, medications are prescribed by a specialist) is a disease, the likelihood of which can be reduced.
To do this, it is recommended to follow the preventive rules:
- handle bedding and toys with steam or boiling;
- completely wash the child once a day, exclude frequent hygiene (more than 2 times a day);
- the child should wash his hands after the street and toilet, before eating;
- exclude contact of the child with children who have symptoms of scabies;
- exclude contact of the child with the things of people infected with scabies;
- carry out general wet cleaning once every 7 days, wash the floors with a disinfectant;
- timely treat viral, infectious, cardiovascular diseases in a child;
- adhere to general strengthening activities - to feed correctly, to walk with the child more often;
- exclude mechanical damage to the skin in children;
- visit a specialist if you suspect a child has scabies.
Treatment methods
Scabies in a child needs therapy. Medicines, folk remedies, and other methods are often prescribed as treatment. In severe cases, therapy is carried out in a hospital.
Recovery times vary. It all depends on the immune system, concomitant diseases, age category. And also an important role is played by the promptness of the visit to the doctor and the adequacy of the treatment performed. The average recovery rate is from 7 to 10 days. The child may feel itching for another 5 to 7 days after the end of therapy.
If a person has had scabies, lifelong immunity to the disease is not developed, as with chickenpox. A child may become infected again a few days after recovery. This happens if things were not disinfected or there was contact with the patient. Therefore, it is important that relatives who communicated with the child are treated at the same time. And you also need to devote time to processing the premises.
The recovery period for repeated scabies is different. If the pathology proceeds without complications, therapy lasts from 2 to 10 days. In the case of the chronic form, treatment takes longer.
Medications
Medications help eliminate negative symptoms and make the child feel better. The table lists topical medications that are often prescribed for scabies.
| Name | Release form | Indications for use | Mode of application | Side effects | Contraindications | Average cost (in rubles) |
| Benzyl benzoate | Emulsion. And there is also an ointment, but it is contraindicated in children under 18 years of age. | Scabies | The course of therapy is 5 days. For children, use a 10% emulsion. But since there is a 20% agent, the drug must be diluted with water in a 1: 1 ratio. The emulsion is rubbed into the affected area before going to bed. It is necessary to exclude the scalp and face. On the 2nd and 3rd day, you need to take a break. On the 4th day, repeat the treatment. Wash off the emulsion completely on the 5th day with warm water and soap. Change bed and underwear after each treatment. | Allergy in the form of skin irritation is possible. If side effects appear, you must stop using the product. | Hypersensitivity to the composition, age group up to 3 years. | 140 – 200 |
| Sulfuric ointment | Ointment | Scabies mite | Apply to skin within 5 days. After completing the course, you need to wash the child, change bed and underwear. | Allergic skin reaction | High likelihood of sulfur allergy | 40 – 100 |
| Spregal | Spray can | Scabies | Carry out the processing at night. Shake the can before use. Spray the product on the body, leave on the skin for 12 hours. After the specified time, wash off the preparation with warm water and soap. If after 8 - 10 days the symptoms of the disease persist, the treatment can be repeated. | An allergic reaction on the skin, which is manifested by a slight burning sensation. | High probability of allergies, asthma, bronchitis. And also breastfeeding. | 600 – 800 |
| Medifox | Concentrated emulsion preparation | Scabies mite, head lice |
The packaging of the product is designed for a 3-day course of therapy. 1/3 bottle (24 ml each) or 4 ampoules of 2 ml each (there are 12 of them in the package) mixed with 100 ml of warm water. Apply to affected areas 1 time per day (at night). Exclude the treatment of the face, neck and scalp. At the end of the course, change underwear and bed linen, take a shower. |
Allergic reaction | Individual sensitivity, child's age up to 1 year | 150 – 300 |
In addition to the funds indicated in the table, additional drugs may be recommended.
Namely:
- antihistamines (Tavegil, Zodak, Claritin) - drugs eliminate itching and inflammation;
- antibacterial (Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Klacid) - medicines fight pathogenic microorganisms, are prescribed for a complicated form of scabies;
- moisturizers - used to accelerate skin healing;
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - medications are prescribed at a temperature, the group includes Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Panadol;
- sedatives (Calm down, Bayu-bye, Fitosedan) - drugs normalize the child's emotional background, improve sleep.
The drugs must be prescribed by a specialist. Each medication has contraindications and side effects. The doctor takes into account the information specified in the instructions and decides on the appointment of the drug. Before purchasing a product at a pharmacy, you need to pay attention to age restrictions.
Traditional methods
Scabies in children (treatment, drugs are prescribed by a doctor) is a disease in which alternative therapy can be used. Herbal recipes are natural and have a low likelihood of side effects.
Popular folk remedies that can be used for scabies:
- Turpentine. For cooking, you need to mix 1 tsp. component with 2 tbsp. vegetable oil. Smear the affected skin of the child.
- Herbal mixture. To prepare a recipe, you need to take 1 tbsp. laundry soap and ghee. Add 2 tsp. tar and sulfuric ointment. Stir thoroughly, treat the affected skin of the child for 7 days.
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Tar. Smear the child's body with the component and leave for several hours or overnight. Then wash off with warm water and soap.
- Buckthorn bark tincture. To prepare the recipe, you should take 1 tbsp. component and 200 ml of hot water. Leave for 7 hours, filter through cheesecloth. Lubricate the affected skin with a solution 2 times a day.
Other methods
In addition to medicines and folk remedies, there are additional methods of treating scabies.
It is recommended to observe the following rules:
- protect an infected child from healthy children and relatives, that is, exclude all contacts;
- undergo examination for those people who are in contact with an infected child;
- wash the child during treatment, if the item is indicated in the instructions for the use of the medication - if this item is neglected, the effect of drugs applied to the skin is weakened;
- change underwear and bedding before the end of therapy only when specifying an item in the instructions for the drug;
- it is possible to wash the child in the morning only if the medication is on the face for more than 12 hours;
- disinfect toys and items that the infected child has come into contact with;
- daily carry out wet cleaning of the room, wash the floors and places where the child's hand (doors, furniture, etc.) could touch with a disinfectant.
Possible complications
Scabies in children is characterized by complications. Most often, the consequences arise in the absence or untimely treatment of the disease.
Possible complications:
- eczema (formation of blistering eruptions, blisters) or furunculosis (purulent-necrotic follicles) are the most frequent complications, in children under 3 years old occur in 80% of cases, this is due to the addition of bacterial infections;
- lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes;
- lymphangitis - inflammation of the lymphatic vessels;
- abscess - tissues become inflamed, additionally purulent cavities are formed;
- glomerulonephritis - kidney disease;
- rheumatism of the heart - acute or chronic inflammation of the connective tissue in the membranes of the organ;
- sepsis - blood poisoning, most often develops in infants.
Scabies can develop during childhood. Dermatological pathology is caused by a tick. As symptoms, itching, scabby passages on different parts of the skin are distinguished. If you suspect a disease, you should consult a specialist.
The doctor will send the child for examination, after receiving the results, he will prescribe treatment. As a therapy, drugs, folk remedies and other methods are used. Scabies is characterized by complications; in order to reduce their likelihood, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of a specialist.
Scabies video
Komarovsky about scabies and lice:
