Ovulation symptoms in girls 16-20-25 years old. When it begins, why does blood pull in the lower abdomen, pain, bloating, how to determine

Ovulation is a natural process in the female body. It is accompanied by a large number of symptoms that may appear every time, or from time to time, or may not appear at all.

What is ovulation?

Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary into the tube of the uterus as a result of rupture of the mature follicle (in which the egg is stored). At this point, the reproductive cell is ready for fertilization.

When does it happen?

Ovulation takes place only in girls and women of reproductive age - when they can become pregnant and give birth to a child. With age, the quality and quantity of eggs decreases, menstruation and ovulation stop.

Ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle, in women with a 28-day menstrual cycle, the release of the egg takes place on day 14 (however, most often deviations occur in 1-2 days, which is considered normal). The duration of ovulation is 1-2 days, since the egg cell retains its viability for no more than 48 hours. from the moment of leaving the follicle.

In women with a more or less long cycle, ovulation does not take place on day 14, but later or earlier.

Early and late

Early ovulation occurs on days 10-11 of the cycle (assuming a 28-day cycle). Excessive physical activity, heavy lifting and too frequent sexual intercourse can lead to this.

Late ovulation takes place on the 18-20th day of the menstrual cycle, which is a consequence of internal failures in the body. At the same time, menstruation begins earlier than the due date.

Double

In rare cases, a woman can ovulate 2 times in one cycle.

This is possible for 2 reasons:

• One egg came out of both ovaries.
• From one ovary 2 eggs came out with a difference of several hours.

If both released eggs are successfully fertilized, then the woman has a pregnancy with two fetuses.

Why determine ovulation

The ovulatory period in a woman is important for the onset of pregnancy, since it is at this time that a child can be successfully conceived. The most favorable moment for sexual intercourse for the purpose of conception is the day of ovulation and 1-2 days after it.

It is important to track the symptoms of ovulation in girls not only to determine the day of ovulation, but also to know what days of the cycle are the least favorable for conception (for those who use the calendar method of contraception).

Signs and symptoms of ovulation

Ovulation in girls is accompanied by some symptoms that can be pronounced or almost imperceptible.

Changes in the amount and consistency of vaginal discharge

Before ovulation and on the day of ovulation, cervical mucus changes its composition and consistency to ensure better penetration of sperm into the uterine cavity. The discharge becomes more stringy, very slippery and permeable - it can be stretched between the fingers. It is worth noting that if the discharge has a yellow, greenish tint and smells unpleasant, then this is a sign of pathology.

Basal temperature change

Basal temperature is the lowest body temperature reached during rest. The measurement is carried out in the rectum.

At the beginning of the cycle, the basal temperature is kept at 37 ° C and closer to the day of ovulation decreases to values ​​of 36.3-36.5 ° C. At the time of the release of the egg, the basal temperature increases by 0.3-0.6 ° C, which indicates the onset of ovulation.

Changing the position of the cervix

It has been scientifically proven that the ovulatory period affects the condition of the cervix. The organ becomes softer and looser to the touch, the cervical canal expands. If you study the cervix during ovulation, it will be noticeable that it is moist and slightly increased in size. Feeling the organ, it will be possible to feel that the cervix is ​​shortened and slightly raised due to the resulting "hill".

Increased libido

There are several consecutive reasons for increased sexual desire during ovulation:

• Hormonal emissions. Ovulation involves several sex hormones that affect your sex drive.
• Launching natural processes. Due to the release of hormones in the body, a natural natural mechanism is triggered - to conceive a child in order to procreate. Even if a woman does not want to get pregnant, she may feel a strong sex drive.
• Moisturizing the vagina. Hormones contribute to an increase in the secretion of cervical mucus, which creates a feeling of warmth and moisture in the genital tract, due to which an increase in libido may appear.

Stomach ache

The symptoms of ovulation in girls can be very different, and the most common of them is abdominal pain. It can manifest itself in the lower abdomen, laterally (in the ovarian region) and even in the rectum and anus. Also, discomfort can manifest itself in the back and buttocks.

There can be several reasons for abdominal pain during the ovulatory period: rupture of the follicle, accumulation of mucus in the fallopian tube, an increase in the volume of the ovaries, and others.

Changes in the mammary glands

Due to the hormonal surge in many women, during ovulation, the mammary glands swell - they become larger and more sensitive. Any touch of your breasts or nipples can be uncomfortable. For some women, the feeling of soreness does not go away until the end of the menstrual cycle.

Aggravation of sensations

A few days before the release of the egg, some women have an exacerbated sense of smell (scientists justify this by the fact that a woman's body becomes more susceptible to male pheromones, which are needed for sexual desire and subsequent conception). Taste sensations may also be slightly distorted.

Due to the action of hormones, an aggravation of emotional feelings is possible - most often girls become emotionally labile during ovulation or their mood changes abruptly.

Edema

Swelling of the face and limbs during ovulation is not a very common symptom. Most often it is associated with a change in the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to luteinizing hormone (LH). During this period, fluid retention in body tissues and edema may occur.

Admixture of blood in the secretions

In most cases, the release of a very meager volume of blood on the ovulation day is not a pathology. Most often this is a consequence of the release of the egg, which is accompanied by minor damage. ovarian membrane and the release of a few drops of blood that exit the vagina with the cervical mucus.

At what age does the first ovulation occur?

The first ovulation in young girls occurs during adolescence during puberty (12-16 years). If the girl has already had at least one menstruation, this means that there was also ovulation.

However, after the first menstruation, ovulation may be irregular (like menstruation itself) - this is due to hormonal changes in the girl's body. After 3-6 months. the cycle should return to normal.

Feelings after ovulation

Upon completion of ovulation, changes in sensations are possible:

• discharge becomes whiter and more sticky, ceases to be elastic; their number is decreasing;
• pain in the abdomen disappears;
• libido either decreases or remains at the same level - this is an individual moment associated with the woman's lifestyle and health.

If you track ovulation by ultrasound, you can see a ruptured and "deflated" follicle and a very small amount of fluid in the space behind the uterus. A little later it will be possible to see the forming corpus luteum of the ovary.

Determination methods

Symptoms of ovulation in girls help to establish the imminent onset of this process, however, there are more accurate methods for determining the moment of ovulation.

Tests

Ovulation tests are the easiest to use at home. They are used in the same way as pregnancy tests: the test strip is dipped in urine and left on for a while.

Tests are disposable and reusable. Their information content is based on determining the level of LH in the urine (it rises during the ovulatory period). Use the test strips as follows: place a disposable strip in a container of urine for a while (depending on the specific manufacturer).

For a reusable device, remove the cap and place the strip in the container to the indicated level and leave for the required time. The interpretation of the results depends on the specific manufacturer (for single-use tests, usually one strip means no ovulation, and two - its onset).

Allocations

You can track ovulation without tests by symptoms - if in the middle of the cycle the discharge changes and becomes similar to raw egg white, then ovulation will soon come.

However, this method is not very effective in determining favorable days for conception. It is more suitable for calculating “dangerous” days when there is a risk of becoming pregnant (sperm are able to remain viable for several days).

Basal temperature

Measuring basal temperature is an effective way to determine the exact day of ovulation. However, it is quite difficult to implement it - for this it is necessary to measure daily and at about the same time temperature in the rectum for a month and based on the data to build a graph (you can simply write in notebook).

On the day when the temperature after a decrease rises to 37.1-37.3 ° C, the egg leaves the follicle.

This method has several rules:

• the temperature should be measured within 5-7 minutes;
• measurements are taken immediately after waking up;
• measurements should not be taken during the period of inflammatory-infectious, viral and colds.

Medical methods

Folliculometry by ultrasound is a medical method for calculating ovulation days. It is carried out by dynamic observation of the dominant follicle, clearly visible on the monitor.

The study is carried out on the days between the beginning and the middle of the cycle (closer to the middle). Then it is done again after 1-2 days - by this time, a dominant follicle and a corpus luteum have already formed in the ovary. After another 3-5 days, ultrasound is performed again - if there is no follicle, and there is a small amount of fluid in the uterine cavity, then ovulation has occurred.

Folliculometry is usually prescribed for women who have been unable to conceive for several cycles. This method is used to confirm or refute the pathologies of ovulation and to identify some gynecological diseases.

Calendar method for determining ovulation

For the calendar method, it is more convenient to use online calendars for determining ovulation.

They must indicate the following data:

• the date of the start of the last menstrual period;
• the end date of the last menstrual period;
• duration of menstruation;
• the period of time for which you want to calculate ovulation (for example, the next six months).

Based on this data, the program will calculate the estimated dates of ovulation. This method is most effective for women who have a regular and stable cycle with an exact duration of bleeding.

Reasons for the absence of ovulation in the menstrual cycle

The absence of ovulation for 1-3 months a year is considered normal.

This is a consequence:

• stress;
• excessive physical and emotional stress;
• adherence to strict diets;
• a sharp decrease or gain in weight;
• change of environment or climate.

In the process of detonation, ovulation is also absent, since the egg has already been fertilized, therefore, the release of new eggs is not needed. During the period of breastfeeding, menstruation may occur, but they pass without ovulation (due to excessive synthesis of prolactin, which is necessary for lactation and inhibits ovulation).

Also, ovulation may be absent when taking oral contraceptives, the action of which is aimed at inhibiting ovulation.

If ovulation does not occur more than 3 times a year or is completely absent, then the following pathologies may be present:

• thyroid disease;
• dysfunction of the adrenal glands;
• diseases of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland;
• hormonal imbalance in the body;
• any gynecological pathology;
• lack of weight;
• diabetes and any metabolic disruptions.

Ovulation occurs less frequently as you get older. In women who have reached 45 years of age, 1 out of 5 cycles can be anovulatory, that is, pass without the release of an egg.

How ovulation is regulated

Stimulation of ovulation is the effect on the ovaries to normalize their functioning. She is needed by women who want but cannot get pregnant. Stimulation is indicated in case of unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child within 6 months. due to the lack of ovulation, as well as with IVF fertilization.

Stimulation includes several methods:

Treatment of diseases	If a woman who wants to become pregnant has diseases that affect ovulation and are treatable, then they are first treated.
Weight correction	For successful attempts to conceive a child, it is necessary to bring the weight back to normal - a woman needs to either lose weight, or vice versa, gain weight.
Normalization of lifestyle	The girl is recommended to normalize her diet, engage in physical activity (but not excessive), get rid of bad habits. In some cases, after normalizing the lifestyle and losing weight, hormonal stimulation is not required, since conception occurs.
Hormone therapy	Hormonal treatment is necessary to stimulate the maturation of the follicle and the release of the egg, as well as to prepare the uterine mucosa to fix the ovum. For therapy, the drugs "Klostilbegit", "Duphaston", "Utrozhestan" are used, as well as injections of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

Ovulation in girls is an inevitable process, accompanied by various symptoms.

It is important to track your ovulatory period in order to successfully conceive (or avoid it).

Ovulation video

How to determine ovulation without a test: