1 The spleen is a large lymph node

This is the unique main organ of the immune control of blood in people who is able to purify the blood, to recognize microbes, viruses and any pathogens.

Filtration function:

1. Blood and lymph flow through the spleen. Microbes that enter our body are kept in this important organ.
2. Information on pathogens is transmitted to lymphocytes - the cells of the immune system.

Immune function:

1. After recognition of alien harmful microorganisms, the spleen must train the armylymphocytes. These protective special proteins are trained to distinguish foreign harmful agents. Each microbe that enters the body is shown to the lymphocytes.
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2. Immunity cells remember it with the help of special biochemical mechanisms and produce protective antibodies - immunoglobulins.
3. Lymphocytes, trained and trained in the spleen, move into the bloodstream. Immune cells surround and destroy pathogens everywhere where lymphocytes meet pests.
4. The spleen accelerates recovery of the patient with cold and other diseases.

Hemopoietic function:

1. In the human spleen, the old spent red blood cells and platelets are destroyed. Of the red blood cells, iron is extracted and a special protein is transferred to the young red blood cell.
2. New colorless and red blood cells are created here. They are thrown into the blood to perform their function. Protection from infections, detection and destruction of foreign agents - the constant work of white blood cells.

The enemies of our blood filter are:

1. Any mechanical action, closed trauma, as they can lead to rupture of the spleen. This main body of hematopoiesis is very reliably protected. But it can burst during a fight, a road accident, falling into the water belly down from a great height. As a result of an abdominal injury, there is profuse massive internal bleeding, pain under the left rib. The blood loss will lead to the death of the patient, if it is not stopped in time.
2. Microbial diseases of the spleen: purulent pathology, abscesses.

2 Liver - gland external secretion

The health of the whole body depends on the good work of this body. The liver produces bile. If the function is broken, the back to the left under the ribs may hurt, there are bruises on the body without cause. Hepatitis, fatty hepatosis, cirrhosis are pathological conditions in which the liver does not fully perform its blood clotting functions. In the absence of normal operation of the body, proteins are not digested. The patient feels the smell of rotten meat. Red hands, yellow skin - signs of severe liver damage.

3 Stomach is an indefatigable toiler

This muscular hollow organ of the human body is part of the digestive apparatus. In a moderately full state, the adult's stomach has a length of about 25 cm. Its shape can be different. It depends on the constitution of a person, the type of build. The digestive organ is covered with three membranes and performs important functions.

Accumulation of food mass and partial processing:

1. Here begins the first processes of food splitting. At the time of food intake, the walls of the stomach begin to tightly press against each other, vigorously mixing the contents inside.
2. Therefore, in the upper parts of the stomach, food is stored and stored, and in the lower parts, digestion processes occur.
3. The exception is alcohol. It is instantly absorbed into the blood, causing intoxication. Very quickly leaves the stomach water. Other food remains and with the help of gastric juice, muscle contraction is transformed into chyme. It is a semi-liquid substance, partially digested food.

Protective function:

1. Maintaining a normal internal environment is one of the most important tasks of the stomach. He first meets food, bacteria from the environment. Therefore, the stomach contains hydrochloric acid, which is harmful to most microorganisms.
2. Normally, a hollow muscular organ has the conditions for digestive enzymes to destroy all the harmful that enters the human body.

Further promotion of food in the intestines:

1. The stomach is a very active organ of the digestive apparatus. He prepares food for further digestion, digestion and absorption in the lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract: the intestine with the involvement of the liver, pancreas, gall bladder. A healthy stomach can digest the most incompatible combinations of food.
2. Nutrients gradually leave the muscular organ, moving along the intestinal tract. Drinks and liquids pass through the stomach in a few minutes, carbohydrates - for two hours. The speed of movement of the food lump depends on the nature of food and the functional state of the hollow organ itself. Proteins are digested a little longer, and fats - up to five hours.

What has a negative effect on the stomach:

1. Sirloin organ affects Helicobacter pylori. Today, the infection of Russians with this malignant microorganism is up to 80%.It causes an exacerbation of gastritis, a precancerous condition. The patient complains of the painful sensation under the left rib.
2. Fast food, mayonnaise, harmful foods containing fast carbohydrates and sugar, disrupt metabolism. Instant soups and pasta contain saturated fat. Dangerous products that have been exposed to prolonged thermal exposure.
3. Problems in the work of the stomach make itself felt gastralgia. This is the pain on the side under the left rib.

4 Gall Bladder

It is located below the costal arch. The liver produces acids that accumulate in the gallbladder. It shrinks during meals. It is a reservoir from which bile acids are released into the intestines and participate in the digestion of fat. Bile emulsifies, splits fats into tiny pieces, makes them soluble, available for enzymes. Due to this in the pancreas, lipase digests these food substances.

What is harmful for the gallbladder:

1. Incorrect eating behavior, which consists in an irregular intake of food. Very badly affects the organ that performs the function of collecting bile, a rare meal or fasting. The patient experiences pain under the ribs in front.
2. If food does not enter the stomach, the hollow organ does not contract, bile accumulates in its cavity and is highly concentrated. This digestive juice removes moisture, and the bile acids acquire the maximum concentration. The result is the formation of gall bladder stones, acute colic and violation of the secretion of the pancreas. When cholecystitis severe pain often gives in the back.

5 Pancreas

This is the main body of digestion. The iron is in a small bag below the stomach. It permeates the human body from right to left, leaving in the left hypochondrium. Its length is about 20 cm, weight - about 100 g.

Exocrine function:

1. The pancreas daily produces enzymes, an iso-osmotic liquid with electrolytes that are released into the digestive tract and dissolve the food.
2. Per day, enzymes can digest up to 10 kg of food. These biological digestive catalysts process fats, carbohydrates, proteins.

Endocrine function of the body:

1. The pancreas secretes five hormones that are actively involved in digestion. Blood vessels throughout the body carry the hormone insulin, other biologically active substances, without which the internal organs of man can not work normally.
2. On the health of this digestive gland depends the emergence or lack of a person's diabetes.

What kills the pancreas:

1. Fatty food causes irreparable harm. Excess fat is dangerous, because it leads to a change in the composition of pancreatic juice, a violation of its outflow. Fatty food is poorly digested, there are pains under the ribs.
2. Alcohol. Its use, even in small amounts, causes a spasm of the pancreatic ducts. It can hurt under the ribs from the front.
3. Pancreatic juice is secreted not inside the duodenum, but outside. Therefore, everything is digested, including the pancreas itself. The entire human body is destroyed. Acute pancreatitis develops. The patient has a stomach ache under the left rib.
4. If cholelithiasis is diagnosed, the pain under the ribs in front causes discomfort. It is necessary to remove the gallbladder with stones.

6 Small intestine loops

This department of the digestive apparatus is a unique organ, since the state of the human body largely depends on the health of the intestine. The main trunk of our body is in the abdominal cavity, starting from the pylorus of the stomach. The intestine is often exposed to the negative effects of the external environment, as it constantly contacts it. The area of ​​this digestive organ in an adult is 300 m².It performs specific tasks.

Immune function:

1. The intestinal microflora is the most important organ of the human immune system. When food arrives, the body's defenses work actively, because there are lymphatic cells in the intestine. Here is the system of local immunity.
2. Immunoglobulin A is produced by intestinal cells and protects the body so that pathogens can not penetrate from the outside.

Digestive function:

1. The most important stages of digestion are carried out in the small intestine. In various departments, digestion of food occurs under the influence of enzymes and muscle contractions.
2. A number of accelerators of the digestive reaction are produced in this part of the intestine. Enzymes are affected by partially digested food coming from the stomach.

Suction function. The mucous membrane of the large and small intestine in an adult has the ability to absorb nutrients that are transferred from the lumen of the gut into the lymph and blood capillaries.

Evacuation function:

1. Normally the food lump is in the small intestine for 4 hours. Then the intestinal contents move further.
2. Remains of undigested food move into the large intestine, where the digestion process is completed, the feces are formed and their excretion. If there is a pathology in this department of the digestive tract, toxic substances are absorbed into the body.

What is harmful for the intestines:

1. The use of poisonous substances, some medicines. During the antibacterial course, the intestinal microflora changes for a long time.
2. A large amount of alcohol. Abuse of such drinks leads to organic and functional changes in the intestine.
3. A sedentary lifestyle. Stress.
4. Incorrect and irregular meals, overeating. Poor food.

7 Do not ignore

A common phenomenon is the pain on the left under the ribs.

This is a signal about the development of pathology:

1. The symptom of a spleen lesion is an uncomfortable sensation under the lower edge.
2. Symptom of renal colic is an acute unbearable pain in the left side of the abdomen.
3. Sharp pain in the left hypochondrium often radiates to the right with an ulcer of the duodenum and stomach.
4. Symptoms of heart problems, myocardial infarction: a person is worried about shortness of breath, on the left side there are painful sensations that are given to the front part of the body.

If there is pain on the left side, do not try to heal on your own or ignore .The patient needs timely qualified medical care. Only a doctor can diagnose pathology and prescribe an effective course of treatment.