Inhalation drugs are the main means of relieving asthma attacks and the basic therapy for bronchial asthma. Patients are prescribed medications in other dosage forms. They eliminate pathological symptoms and prolong the period of remission.
Record content:
- 1 Classification
-
2 Top 10 drugs from the pharmacy
- 2.1 Salbutamol
- 2.2 Tiled Mint
- 2.3 Beclomethasone
- 2.4 Theophylline
- 2.5 Akolat
- 2.6 Cromohexal
- 2.7 Theotard
- 2.8 Berotek N
- 2.9 Formoterol-Nativ
- 2.10 Spiriva
- 3 Asthma videos
Classification
For the treatment of bronchial asthma, medicines of various pharmaceutical categories are used.
They come in the form:
- inhalation aerosols;
- injectable formulations;
- oral tablets;
- enteric capsules.
Such drugs have etiotropic or symptomatic effects.
For basic therapy and control of the pathological process, use:
- hormonal pills;
- cromones;
- inhaled glucocorticosteroids;
- adrenomimetics;
- antileukotrienes.
Preparations for bronchial asthma on a glucocorticosteroid basis have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. They quickly eliminate allergic edema of the mucous membrane of the respiratory cavity.
Antileukotriene medications additionally have the ability to suppress the release of histamine. The formula of such drugs is designed on the basis of pharmacologically active compounds - mediators of the inflammatory process.
For long-term therapy, cromones are used. These are long-acting anti-inflammatory drugs. The main biologically active component is cromoglycic acid.
Drugs in this category:
- stabilize the membranes of mast cells;
- act on inflammatory mediators;
- prevent the occurrence of bronchospasm;
- have an analgesic effect.
To relieve spasms, systemic glucocorticosteroids are used, which have a strong anti-inflammatory effect, but do not expand the respiratory lumen. Beta-2-adrenomimetics are considered the main means of basic treatment.
They effectively stop asthmatic attacks. They are used in combination with other drugs. Mucolytics evacuate mucus accumulated in the organ cavity, which makes breathing difficult and causes cough syndrome.
Antibiotics are adjuvant therapy. They are effective when infected with pathogenic microorganisms. The most common provocateurs are pneumococci. They use drugs to which such pathogenic bacteria are most susceptible.
Bronchodilators are used to expand the respiratory lumen. They relieve spasm, relax the smooth muscle fibers of the walls of the organ. Such drugs are tableted or encapsulated, inhaled and injected.
Anticholinergic drugs are designed to block the action of acetylcholine, a fast-acting neurotransmitter. Medicines prevent the occurrence of involuntary muscle-nervous contractions.
Top 10 drugs from the pharmacy
Medical treatment of bronchial asthma provides for the control of the pathological process and emergency care in case of exacerbations. Medicines are selected taking into account the history and individual characteristics of the patient's physiology.
The therapeutic scheme is determined by the stage and nature of the course of the disease. Below are the most popular anti-asthma drugs of different pharmacological categories and release forms.
Salbutamol
Selective β2-adrenergic agonist from the group of bronchodilators. In a therapeutic dosage, an inhalation medication affects the corresponding receptors of the smooth muscle structures of the organ cavity.
Salbutamol-based preparations for bronchial asthma are used in the basic treatment of chronic respiratory pathology.
The medicine is produced in the form of an aerosol placed in a sealed aluminum can. Auxiliary components of Salbutamol are cetyloleate, freon-11 and difluorodichloromethane.
Medicine:
- relieves attacks of suffocation;
- eliminates the spasmodic state of the walls of the bronchial tree;
- increases the respiratory capacity of the lungs;
- reduces resistance in the respiratory ducts;
- expands the lumen of the coronary vessels.
The drug has a moderate lipolytic and hyperglycemic effect. Salbutamol is used for the prevention and treatment of asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema. The drug has an impressive list of clinical limitations.
It is not prescribed for patients with:
- cardiac ischemia;
- paroxysmal tachycardia;
- myocarditis;
- arterial stenosis;
- decompensated diabetes mellitus;
- epilepsy;
- liver dysfunctions;
- renal failure.
The recommended dosage for suppressing pathological asphyxia is 0.1-0.2 mg of the active substance with an interval between doses of at least 2 hours. In case of mild to moderate asthmatic disease, 1-2 doses are prescribed once. Frequency rate of application - 1-4 times a day.
Possible side effects:
| Functional system of the body | Unwanted manifestation |
| Respiratory apparatus | Cough attack, bronchospasm |
| Immunity | Allergic sinus congestion, urticaria, angioedema |
| Metabolism | Hypokalemia, temporary metabolic disorders |
| Cardiovascular mechanism | Arterial hypertension, acceleration of heart contractions, expansion of subcutaneous capillaries |
| Nervous system | Migraine, dizziness, sleep disturbance, increased emotional motility |
| Musculoskeletal structures | Convulsive muscle |
| Gastrointestinal tract | Nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia |
An overdose of the inhaled drug was not recorded. Antidote - selective inhibitors of cardiac adrenergic receptors. Salbutamol is sold by prescription in pharmacies. The price of a 12 ml bottle is 70 rubles.
Tiled Mint
Anti-asthma drug with anti-allergic properties. It is used to eliminate immediate-type anaphylactic reactions associated with pathology. It is part of the complex maintenance therapy for bronchial asthma. The active ingredient is sodium nedocromil.
Excipients of aerosol medication for inhalation:
- hydrofluoroalkane;
- levomenthol;
- povidone K-30;
- macrogol-600.
The drug reduces allergic manifestations in the respiratory system by stabilizing the membranes of mast cells.
An inhalation session is usually prescribed 2-3 times a day. With exacerbations of bronchial asthma, an increase in the dose up to 4 applications per day is permissible.
Procedure rules:
- Remove the protective cap.
- Shake the medicine bottle.
- Hold it vertically with your thumb on the button located at the top end.
- Exhale and insert the mouthpiece into your mouth.
- Press the button and take a deep breath.
- Hold your breath for as long as possible.
After taking the drug, dry mouth, a short-term change in taste, and some other side effects are possible. There is no information on drug overdose.
Tiled Mint is classified as a prescription drug. The cost of a medicine produced in the UK in Russian pharmacies is about 2,100 rubles.
Beclomethasone
A drug from the group of glucocorticosteroids used in bronchial asthma to relieve inflammatory edema of the mucous membranes of the respiratory lumen.
Basic therapy means:
- inhibits the production of chemotaxis;
- stops the release of mast cells;
- stifles the secretion of mucus from the bronchial glands;
- slows down the migration of macrophages.
In addition to anti-asthmatic use, Beclomethasone is used in the treatment of allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. The drug is contraindicated in acute spasm of the walls of the respiratory cavity, hemorrhagic diathesis, systemic infections.
The active substance of the inhalation aerosol is beclomethasone dipropionate. It is produced in sealed containers with a volume of 200 doses. Adults are prescribed 0.5 mg 2 times a day or 0.25 mg 4 times a day.
The aerosol can cause the following adverse reactions:
- sneezing;
- a coughing fit;
- laryngeal irritation;
- candidiasis;
- nosebleeds.
With a single excess of the recommended therapeutic dose, typical drug intoxication appears - nausea, vomiting, dizziness.
With a systematic intake of more than 1.5 g of active substance per day, the function of the adrenal glands is inhibited.
The medication is not prescribed for children under 6 years of age. In pharmacies, Beclomethasone is sold exclusively after presentation of a prescription form filled in according to all the rules. The approximate price of the drug is 200 rubles.
Theophylline
Bronchodilator and antispasmodic drug. Theophylline is a purine derivative that blocks adenosine receptors and decreases phosphodiesterase synthesis. The medicine acts on the smooth muscles of the bronchial cavity.
In pharmacies, Theophylline is sold by prescription. Price - 220 rubles. per pack of 40 tablets.
Auxiliary components:
- collidon SR;
- calcium stearate;
- silica;
- microcrystalline cellulose.
Theophylline is used for broncho-obstructive syndrome of any etiology, sleep apnea, pulmonary hypertension.
It is forbidden to use the inhaler when:
- heart failure;
- hemorrhages in the retina of the optic organ;
- hemorrhagic stroke;
- peptic ulcer;
- intestinal perforation;
- gastritis with high acidity.
The drug is available in tablets that are taken orally with plenty of water. The average daily dose for adolescents over 12 years of age and adults is 300 mg of active ingredient.
Side effects of Theophylline are manifested in a decrease in blood pressure, an increase in heart rate, and allergic reactions. Overdose symptoms are expressed in increased psychomotor agitation, photosensitivity, hematuria.
Akolat
An inhibitor of leukotriene receptors used in the complex basic therapy of bronchial asthma. Akolat is used to treat allergic and vasomotor rhinitis.
Available in white biconvex oral tablets. The pharmacologically active ingredient is zafirlukast.
Additional ingredients of the dosage form:
- hypromellose;
- titanium dioxide;
- milk sugar monohydrate;
- magnesium stearate;
- povidone;
- microcrystalline cellulose.
Preparations for bronchial asthma based on antagonists of leukotriene receptors are standardly included in the complex basic therapy of a supportive nature. Akolat is not prescribed for children under 7 years of age. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. The recommended dose is 1 tablet 2-3 times a day.
The drug is characterized by the following side effects:
- short-term disorders of higher nervous activity;
- digestive disorders;
- increased secretion of liver enzymes;
- hematological dysfunctions;
- arthralgia and myalgia;
- skin allergic reactions;
In case of an overdose, signs of drug intoxication are recorded in the form of dyspepsia, insomnia, and headaches. Acolat is sold by prescription in pharmacies. Estimated cost - 350 rubles.
Cromohexal
Antiallergic inhaler used for bronchial asthma. It is produced in the form of a respiratory suspension. The active ingredient is sodium cromoglycate.
The following are used as auxiliary components of the medicinal formula:
- sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
- benzalkonium chloride;
- liquefied sorbitol;
- disodium edetate;
- water distillate.
Cromohexal is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to the components of the inhalation solution, during the period of gestation and breastfeeding. Against the background of the use of the drug, the development of side effects is possible in the form of a change in the perception of tastes, headaches, skin rash with itching.
The active substance of the drug:
- stabilizes membrane membranes of basophilic granulocytes;
- prevents the penetration of calcium ions into them;
- inhibits the synthesis of histamine;
- reduces the release of bradykinin and other mediators of allergic inflammation.
In case of exacerbation of bronchial asthma, it is recommended to perform 4 sessions of inhalations per day at equal time intervals. There are no reports of drug overdose. Cromohexal is sold in pharmacies without a prescription at a price of about 150 rubles.
Theotard
A bronchodilator with a moderate diuretic effect. The formula of the drug is designed on the basis of theophylline. The medicine is available in the form of enteric capsules and is intended for oral administration.
Has a prolonged action, suitable for the prevention of nocturnal bronchospasm. Relaxes the smooth muscles of the respiratory tree and dilates the blood vessels. Teotard significantly improves the functionality of the respiratory and intercostal muscle fibers, stimulates cardiac activity.
Auxiliary components of the drug:
- silica;
- dibutyl phthalate;
- povidone;
- ammonium methacrylate.
Teotard is not prescribed to patients with severe arterial hypotension and hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, heart dysfunctions. The doctor determines the dosage regimen individually.
The average therapeutic norm for adults with maintenance therapy of bronchial asthma is 350 mg of theophylline. The effect of the medication is manifested 3-4 days after the start of the course. Overdose is expressed in migraine, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain.
Side effects:
- heartburn;
- violation of the stool;
- cardiaglia;
- insomnia;
- vertigo syndrome.
In pharmacies, Teotard is sold exclusively for medical purposes. The estimated cost of the drug is 200 rubles. for a pack of 40 capsules.
Berotek N
Selective beta-2-adrenergic receptor inhibitor. It is produced in the form of an aerosol can for inhalation use.
Compound:
- fenoterol hydrobromide is a pharmacologically active substance;
- distilled water;
- tetrafluoroethane;
- ethanol;
- lemon acid.
Preparations for bronchial asthma of the category of antispasmodics, to which Berotek N belongs, are used to facilitate respiratory activity and relax the walls of the organ.
As a result of the chemical interaction of fenoteral hydrobromide with β2-adrenergic receptors, activation of the enzyme adenonylate cyclase is observed through the stimulatory protein Gs-type, which leads to an increase in the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
The bronchodilating effect develops in 10-15 minutes. after inhalation and lasts 3-5 hours. Berotek N is prohibited for use in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, tachyarrhythmia, diabetes mellitus.
The recommended dosage for asthma attacks caused by an exacerbation of bronchial asthma is set at the level of 2 consecutive sessions with an interval of 5 minutes. If relief does not come, an urgent need to consult a pulmonologist. The medicine is characterized by numerous side effects.
Among them:
- prolonged coughing fit;
- lowering diastolic blood pressure;
- chemical irritation of the larynx and nasopharyngeal cavity;
- changes in nervous motility;
- hypokalemia;
- allergic manifestations;
- hyperhidrosis.
Overdose symptoms are due to strong stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. Exceeding the recommended intake rate is fraught with increased pulse pressure, increased heart rate, metabolic acidosis.
As a specific antidote, selective adrenergic receptor blockers are used. Berotek N belongs to the category of potent medicines, therefore it is sold by prescription in pharmacies. The price of an inhalation balloon with a volume of 200 doses is 400 rubles in the capital region.
Formoterol-Nativ
Selective β2-adrenomimetic used in the basic therapy of bronchial asthma and other obstructive diseases of the respiratory system. Release form - capsules with a powder mixture for aerosol spraying. The active ingredient of the drug is formoterol dihydrogenated fumarate.
Additional ingredients of the medicine:
- lactose monohydrate;
- sodium benzoate;
- capsule dye E150c;
- hypromellose.
Formoterol-Nativ expands the airway in case of reversible obstruction of the bronchial tree. A tangible clinical effect is observed after 3 minutes. after inhalation and lasts 12 hours.
The pharmacologically active component of the drug slows down the release of leukotriene fractions and histamine from mast cells.
Prevents the formation of edema of the walls of the cavity and the release of inflammatory mediators.
The drug is not prescribed in case of individual immunity of its components, glucose-galactose malabsorption, minor patients. The recommended dosage for bronchial asthma is 1-2 capsules per day.
The maximum daily volume of the drug is 0.048 mg.
The medicine can cause the following side effects:
- increased sputum production;
- anaphylactic reactions;
- quick fatigue, even with minor physical exertion;
- short-term metabolic disorder;
- cardiac arrhythmia;
- vulnerability to infectious invasion;
Overdose cases were not recorded. Symptoms typical for other β2-adrenergic agonists are presumably possible. Formoterol-Nativ is available in pharmacies only with a prescription. The cost is about 450 rubles.
Spiriva
A drug used for emergency care in severe bronchial asthma. An expensive German-made medicine is produced in the form of hard capsules in a gelatinous shell with a powder for inhalation.
Spiriva has pronounced anticholinergic and bronchodilating properties. The active ingredient is monohydrogenated tiotropium bromide. Micronized lactose is used as an auxiliary component.
Spiriva is an effective long-acting m-choline receptor blocker. Supports respiratory function for 24 hours. after a single dose by inhalation. The drug has practically no contraindications.
It is not prescribed only for hypersensitivity to the active substance, individual lactose intolerance and minor patients. They may have side effects from the cardiovascular, digestive, urinary and other systems of the body.
The therapeutically reasonable daily dosage is set at 1 capsule. For spraying, it is recommended to use the HandiHaler inhaler.
Overdose symptoms:
- violation of accommodation;
- drying out of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity;
- acceleration of the heartbeat;
- headache.
The anticholinergic drug is sold by prescription in pharmacies. Price - 2000 rubles. per pack of 30 capsules. A potent drug is often prescribed for grade 5 bronchial asthma that cannot be treated with other drugs.
Asthma videos
How to treat bronchial asthma:
