4th generation cephalosporins. List of drugs in tablets, ampoules, suspensions, names, instructions for use

4th generation cephalosporins are a relatively new group of drugs with a wide spectrum of action. List of drugs in this group rather small, but medicines are considered very effective, they help to cope with the disease in the case when the drugs of previous generations did not bring the expected result.

In most products, the substance cefepime is present as an active ingredient.

Features of antimicrobial action

Cephalosporins of the 4th generation, like the drugs of the previous subgroups, are beta-lactam antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action. They are highly effective against various pathogens, both gram-positive and gram-negative.

The first antibiotic from the cephalosporin group was withdrawn in 1945. Since then, the number of drugs has increased, and the effectiveness has increased significantly.

It should be noted that cefepime, which is part of almost all 4th generation drugs, has many similarities with drugs 3 generation, but due to some features of the chemical structure, it is better able to penetrate the membranes of pathogenic cells. As a result, they are destroyed more efficiently and quickly.

The drugs are most active against gram-negative microbes, which are capable of forming resistance to penicillins and some cephalosporins of the 1st and 2nd generation.

When it enters the bloodstream, the active component of the drug quickly concentrates in the affected area, penetrates the cell membranes and disrupts metabolic processes in them. As a result, there is a rather rapid death of the pathogens of the disease, and the progression of the inflammatory process stops.

The funds effectively destroy the following microorganisms:

• Klebsiella.
• Staphylococci.
• Streptococci.
• Enterococci.
• Escherichia coli.

An additional advantage of medicines is considered to be minimal penetration into breast milk, as well as the absence of a negative effect on the fetus when used during pregnancy. Despite the lack of reliable data on the effect of funds on the body of the expectant mother, drugs are used if it is impossible to stop the process in other ways.

4th generation cephalosporins (the list of drugs is small today) not as often as other antibiotics provoke negative reactions from internal organs and systems. They can be used to eliminate pathologies of a different nature.

Organs and systems	Indications for the use of cephalosporins
Musculoskeletal system	Inflammatory pathologies of joints, muscles and ligaments of various origins. In addition, the funds are used to prevent the development of complications with injuries of the extremities, spinal column
Genitourinary system	Pyelonephritis, severe prostatitis, nephritis, cystitis and advanced urethritis
Respiratory system	Severe pneumonia, pleurisy, empyema, lung abscess
Leather	Infectious pathologies of the skin, open infected wounds, purulent foci that provoke other complications
Digestive tract	Peritonitis at the initial stage, postoperative period as a result of surgical intervention on the abdominal organs

In addition, the remedy is used for blood poisoning, as well as inflammatory diseases that cannot be cured with more gentle antibiotics.

Top 10 drugs from the pharmacy

Cephalosporins of 4 generations (the list of drugs allows you to choose the most suitable remedy for each patient) can be found on pharmacy shelves in large quantities. There are several medications that are most commonly used.

Cefepim

The first medication of the 4th generation of cephalosporins. Contains the active ingredient of the same name and is produced in the form of a white lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution, packaged in transparent glass bottles. The drug has pronounced antimicrobial properties, 1 bottle costs about 100 rubles. It can be purchased with a prescription.

The agent is administered intravenously and intramuscularly after preliminary dissolution in saline 0.9% in an amount of 5 ml (for intramuscular administration) or 10-20 ml (for intravenous administration). The daily dosage for the patient is selected individually, not more than 2 g per day. The treatment lasts up to 10 days.

The drug is contraindicated in case of intolerance to its components, as well as under the age of 2 months. During the period of therapy, it is better to refuse breastfeeding. The most common adverse reaction when using the medication is a skin rash, itching, and watery eyes. Some patients develop dyspeptic disorders in the form of nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.

In case of an overdose of the drug, there is an aggravation of all side reactions, as well as the development of Quincke's edema, accompanied by swelling of the mucous membrane of the throat and difficulty breathing.

Maxipim

The drug is in the form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution that contains cefepime as an active component in the composition. The drug has pronounced antimicrobial properties, it is prescribed for acute neglected pathologies of the respiratory system, meningitis in children and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.

The dosage of the medication is selected individually. Adults are prescribed from 1 to 2 g of the drug per day for 10-12 days. Children whose body weight does not exceed 40 kg are prescribed a dose based on weight. 1 kg of body weight accounts for 50 mg of the drug. This means that 1 bottle with a dose of 1 g is for 20 kg.

The duration of the course for a child is also no more than 12 days. The drug is injected intramuscularly after preliminary dissolution in 5 ml of Novocaine or saline solution.

It is allowed to inject the agent intravenously after dissolving in 20 ml of sodium chloride. But the introduction should be slow. It is worth remembering that the daily dose is usually divided by 2 times, which facilitates the absorption of the medication. The drug is not prescribed for allergies to its components, as well as in the case when the child's age does not reach 2 months.

With the development of adverse reactions, the patient is concerned about the following symptoms:

• Headache.
• Dizziness.
• Nausea.
• Vomiting attacks.
• Pain in muscles and joints.
• Rash and itching of the skin.
• Loose stools.
• Weakness.

With an overdose of medication, all symptoms are aggravated. The development of acute urticaria, accompanied by allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, unbearable itching and other manifestations, is possible. The price of a bottle of the product is approximately 400 rubles. Pharmacy dispensing prescription.

Maxiceph

4th generation cephalosporins are available in the form of a lyophilisate for solution preparation. The list of the most popular drugs includes Maxicef, which is also available in powder form and contains cefepime as an active ingredient.

It is prescribed for various inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, lungs, membranes of the brain, when other drugs do not bring the expected result.

The tool helps to stop the multiplication of microorganisms, destroy them and prevent complications due to the ability to penetrate the membranes of microbes. The drug is administered intramuscularly and intravenously. In the first case, dissolution in 5 ml of sodium chloride or Lidocaine, Novocaine is allowed. The second requires the addition of 20 ml of sodium chloride and a very slow injection.

The dosage is selected individually, taking into account the degree of neglect of the condition. Adults are prescribed from 1 to 2 g of the drug, children - 50 mg per 1 kg of weight. The daily rate is divided into 2 administrations. The course of therapy lasts up to 12 days.

The drug is contraindicated in case of intolerance to its components, as well as children under the age of 2 months, patients with severe pathologies of the kidneys and liver. Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, and skin rash.

An overdose provokes a deterioration in the condition, the development of respiratory failure and signs of encephalopathy. You can buy the medicine at the pharmacy with a prescription for 350-500 rubles.

Cefomax

Means based on cefepime, produced in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution. In a pharmacy, a medicine costs about 150 rubles. per bottle, can be purchased with a doctor's prescription. The drug has pronounced anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, helps to destroy many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria due to the rapid destruction of their shell.

The remedy is prescribed for adults and children intravenously and intramuscularly for the following pathologies:

• Infected skin diseases.
• Blood pathologies of infectious origin.
• Inflammatory diseases of the joints.
• Damage to the kidneys and lungs of a neglected form.

The dosage for adults is from 500 mg to 2 g, it is divided by 2 times. Children from 2 months are prescribed medication in the amount of 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The duration of treatment for a child and an adult should not exceed 10 days. The drug is administered intramuscularly to adult patients and children from 12 years old, after dissolving the powder in 4-5 ml of lidocaine or sodium chloride 0.9%.

Intravenously administered to all patients, dissolving the powder in 20 ml of sodium chloride. Be sure to administer the medicine slowly.

The drug is contraindicated in end-stage renal and hepatic failure, in patients under 2 months of age. During pregnancy and lactation, the drug is prescribed according to strict indications.

Side effects include weakness, lack of appetite, nausea, and bouts of vomiting. With the introduction of an excessive dose of the drug, an overdose develops, accompanied by convulsions, signs of encephalopathy and acute allergic manifestations.

Tsepim

Cephalosporins of 4 generations (the list of drugs is increasing every year) include a medication such as Tsepim. It is available for purchase by prescription and costs about 200-300 rubles. The tool is available in the form of a powder for solution preparation. The solution is injected intramuscularly and intravenously slowly.

The drug is prescribed for advanced forms of pneumonia, pyelonephritis, sepsis. It is indicated for infectious lesions of the skin, joints, lungs. It is prescribed for adults and children from 2 months.

The daily rate for a child is calculated individually and is 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Adults are prescribed from 1 to 4 g of the drug, depending on the severity of the condition.

The daily rate is always divided into 2 or 3 doses. 0.9% sodium chloride is added to the powder vial before use.

The course of antibiotic therapy is 5-10 days. The drug is not prescribed for allergies to its composition, severe liver damage, as well as for patients up to 2 months.

Negative reactions are rare, accompanied by dyspeptic disorders, headache. In case of an overdose, they are aggravated, convulsions, impaired consciousness join.

Ladef

Cefepime-based product available in powder form in vials. Has pronounced properties, helps to fight the advanced form of pneumonia, sepsis, pyelonephritis.

It is prescribed for infectious skin lesions, long-term non-healing wounds. Helps to quickly destroy pathogens. Prevents the spread of the inflammatory process to closely located tissues and organs.

For patients from 2 months, the dosage is selected at the rate of 50 mg of the drug per 1 kg of weight. Adults are prescribed from 1 to 3 g. The daily rate is divided by 2-3 times. The agent is administered intramuscularly or intravenously for 10 days.

The product is not used during pregnancy and lactation, under the age of 2 months. It is not prescribed for allergies to components, for severe pathologies of the digestive tract.

When using, negative reactions are possible in the form of weakness, dizziness, loss of appetite. In the case of an increased dose, the symptoms are aggravated, the risk of death as a result of suffocation increases with Quincke's edema.

The drug is sold by prescription, its price starts at 200 rubles. per bottle.

Movizar

Powder for solution preparation based on cefipime. Available at the pharmacy but with a doctor's prescription. The price is approximately 300-500 rubles.

The drug is prescribed for many pathological conditions:

• Peritonitis.
• Biliary tract infections.
• Cystitis and pyelonephritis.
• Infectious skin lesions.
• A neglected form of bronchitis and pneumonia.

The dosage for adults is 1 g 2 times a day. For children, the dose is determined taking into account the weight, for 1 kg there is 50 g of the drug, it is administered 2-3 times during the day at regular intervals. The duration of the therapeutic course is 7-10 days.

The drug is injected only into the muscle or vein after the preliminary addition of sodium chloride. The drug is not prescribed for end-stage renal and hepatic failure, during lactation and pregnancy. For children under 2 months, the drug is also contraindicated.

If the instructions are violated, the development of adverse reactions in the form of vomiting, headache, weakness and sleep disorders is noted. In case of an overdose, signs of urticaria appear, as well as convulsions, impaired consciousness.

Efipim

4th generation cephalosporins (the list of drugs today allows you to choose an option with a lower cost) are always used according to a strict scheme that ensures the effectiveness of therapy. For example, Efipim, available in lyophilisate form, has antimicrobial, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects through proper use.

The tool costs about 400 rubles. per bottle, sold by prescription and is prescribed for pneumonia, neutropenic fever, urinary tract infections, meningitis in children and adults. Do not use the medicine if you are allergic to its ingredients.

The daily dosage for a child is determined in the form of 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight, divided into 2-3 times and administered during the day. Adults are prescribed from 1 to 4 g of the drug, depending on the degree of neglect of the condition. The treatment lasts up to 10 days. Before the introduction, the agent must be diluted with saline in the required amount.

Side effects when using the medication are rare, usually manifested in the form of a rash and itching of the skin. In case of an overdose, itching increases, and the rash spreads to large areas.

Cefpirome

One of the few antibiotics of the 4th generation, which contains not cefipime as an active ingredient, but the substance cefpirome, is available in the form of a powder. It has pronounced properties, helps to cope even with advanced inflammatory pathologies of tissues and internal organs.

It is prescribed for infections of the skin, biliary and urinary tract, and organs of the digestive tract. It is not used for allergy to the active ingredient, for the treatment of pregnant women. Nursing women and young children.

As a rule, the drug is prescribed for adults at a dosage of 1 g 2 times a day. The agent is administered intravenously, sometimes intramuscularly. Before the introduction, be sure to add physiological solution in the required amount. The course of therapy lasts from 8 to 12 days. The drug can provoke negative reactions in the form of headaches, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. The drug often leads to flatulence and diarrhea.

In case of an overdose, all symptoms are aggravated. The drug is dispensed in pharmacies by prescription, it costs about 200-300 rubles.

Cefanorm

Another remedy based on cefpirome. Possesses pronounced properties, destroys gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms that provoke inflammation of soft tissues and internal organs.

The agent is available in the form of a lyophilisate to obtain a solution, it is prescribed for the following conditions:

• Cystitis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis.
• Sepsis.
• Empyema of the pleura, lung abscess.
• Pneumonia and advanced bronchitis.

As a rule, the drug is administered intravenously to adults after preliminary dilution of the powder in saline. In a day, 1 g is injected 2 times with equal intervals between manipulations.

The drug is not prescribed for small children, pregnant and lactating women, as well as patients who suffer from hypersensitivity to the components of the composition. Adverse reactions to the drug are manifested in the form of weakness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and lack of appetite.

With prolonged administration of an increased dose of the drug, seizures, the development of fainting, and a decrease in blood pressure indicators may occur. The drug is expensive, the price is about 1000-1200 rubles. You can get it at the pharmacy with a doctor's prescription.

4th generation cephalosporins are effective and relatively safe medicines that can fight various diseases in an advanced form. The list of these drugs is quite long, which allows everyone to choose a medicine taking into account the price and other characteristics.

Article design: Vladimir the Great

Video about cephalosporins

Basic pharmacology of beta-lactams: