Ovarian cyst is usually a benign formation, which is a bubble with liquid contents. Even in absolutely healthy women during the maturation of the egg, sometimes there are follicular cysts. A small hormonal failure and emotional shock can be the reason when the follicle in which the egg is ripe does not burst and continues to fill with liquid, forming a cystic vesicle.
The follicular( functional) cyst proceeds secretly and without symptoms. Most often it goes by itself until the next critical days. Clinically, is interesting only for determining the reasons for the impossibility of pregnancy .In rare cases, the follicular variety of the cyst grows too large and can bring not only physical discomfort, but also burst. Severe consequences, peritonitis and death can be threatened with a secret in the abdominal cavity.
Morphological differences in the walls and contents of
In addition to follicular, in women suffering from inflammation of the appendages or endocrine diseases, other types of cysts may arise, which already require control, treatment or surgery:
- The yellow body cyst is a subset of the functional cyst. It is formed on the site of the non-regenerated after the absence of fertilization of the yellow body in the ovary. Like the follicular form, it is extremely rare. In most cases, it resolves itself.
- Hemorrhagic - is formed from a non-dissociated follicular cyst as a result of hemorrhage into it.
- Dermoid( congenital) - develops from the remaining embryonic embryonic leaflets, which can be preserved in the ovaries due to abnormalities that occurred during the intrauterine development. The contents can consist of a jelly-like mass or liquid fat, with inclusions of hair, skin debris, nails, teeth and ear cartilage.
- Mucinous is a multi-compartment, large-sized formation that is filled with mucus( mucin).It can reach very large dimensions not because of the increase in the volume of liquid, but due to the growth of the walls themselves. It is dangerous because it can develop into a cancerous tumor.
- Paraovarial - does not involve ovarian tissue, but is formed from the tissues of the fallopian tubes. Sometimes it reaches huge sizes and "simulates" pregnancy.
- Endometrioid - is formed on the ovaries from pathologically expanded uterine tissues. It is filled with a brown, bloody substance resembling chocolate.
Why is the cyst broken?
In the clinic of any ovarian cyst, the most serious complication is considered to be its rupture - a condition when the walls of the cystic bladder breaks down and its contents pour out into the peritoneal cavity.
The walls of cystic formation can burst from:
- physical exercises associated with a sudden change in body position;
- lifting weights;
- sexual intercourse;
- bruised abdominal injuries,
- after bumps or falls.
Signs of rupture
When the ovarian cyst ruptures, the symptoms are as follows:
- Suddenly, abdominal pain occurs and rapidly builds up, like a "dagger blow". As a rule, they are located on one side, but pains are possible throughout the stomach, starting from the solar plexus. Prevozvovat strong pain syndrome may lumbar pain, discomfort in the small pelvis, arising pain in the peritoneum during movement.
- Skin pale( to cyanosis), and there comes a strong weakness.
- The blood pressure drops sharply. In a consequence, it can periodically increase and again decrease to threatening indicators.
- Develops a stable tachycardia.
- The body temperature of rises, which can not be brought down by antipyretic drugs.
- There are secretions and bleeding from the vagina( uterus).
- There are problems with bowel movements and flatulence.
- Abdominal pain is possible with such force that frequent fainting or pre-stupor conditions are possible.
An experienced ambulance doctor can determine the type of cyst that has already ruptured according to the condition of the patient. For example:
- a rare rupture of the yellow body cyst causes a woman to "fold up" , and in the case of damage in the vascular zone, ovarian apoplexy occurs that causes a shock condition;
- at rupture of the expanded follicular form, the symptomatology is not catastrophic - bloody discharge is unpronounced, a sharp pain in the lower abdomen does not lead to unconsciousness, but causes only severe dizziness;
- that the endometrioid cyst has burst, will indicate a weakening of intestinal peristalsis, bloating, nausea and vomiting; frequent loss of consciousness due to severe pain; body temperature remains within normal limits.
Complications of
Procrastination after the cyst has burst, pulling for itself serious consequences for the woman's health.
- extensive loss of blood can lead to the development of anemia( anemia);
- paresis and adhesions in the intestine can cause ectopic pregnancies and infertility;Purulent peritonitis
- may require a second operation, washing the abdominal cavity and partial, or complete, removal of the ovary;
- with untimely access for help, rupture of the ovarian cyst is a cause of death.
In cases of detection of a mucinous or endometrioid ovarian cyst in pregnant women, surgery for their removal is carried out immediately, regardless of the timing of pregnancy.
If the first signs of inflammatory lesions of the abdominal cavity and the slightest suspicion of a cyst rupture are found, it is necessary to immediately seek medical attention - to exclude a diagnosis or get qualified help. Only timely treatment will ensure the preservation of life and will leave good chances for further childbearing.
