1 What happens with the disease?

In gastrointestinal bleeding, which refers to a mixed species, there are hidden and explicit forms, they have different symptoms. Regardless of the cause, the symptoms are always the same.

1. During the latent period, blood enters the opening where the digestive tract is located. A person feels weakness, strong dizziness, fainting and nausea. The hidden period is dangerous because it is difficult to diagnose, and it can last up to several days.
2. If no action is taken during this time, the second phase will occur. Its signs are the appearance of vomiting with a lot of blood, blood particles can appear in the stool.

It is important to evaluate the color of blood that goes out of the body in an uncharacteristic way: if it is scarlet, it means that the blood comes directly from the place of injury, and if it is dark and in color reminds of burnt coffee, it has undergone gastric juice processing. The blood changes the consistency. When analyzing the stool, the blood can also be fresh and processed, then the stool mass becomes saturated with a dark color, close to black. The signs of internal bleeding are pronounced in the active stage, but the latent form may not give any indication. The only thing you can orient yourself on is nausea, weakness, and abdominal pain.

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a dangerously long period of latent form. In this case, the blood in the stool can only get on the second day after the negative process started. If a patient has diarrhea, the blood in the composition of such masses will always be red, it does not depend on the point from which the flow occurs. If the gastrointestinal bleeding is localized in the rectum, the blood particles will be on the surface of the stool mass as veins, while it itself will have a normal color.

In order to find out if there is blood in vomiting or feces, you need to take hydrogen peroxide. If a drop of matter hits the mass and the reaction takes place and peroxide creates a kind of boiling effect, it means that there is blood. Reactions to foods of a red shade( this may be beetroot particles, pomegranate pulp) will not. So you can distinguish the red particles in the stool from the blood clots.

The reasons for gastric bleeding occur in a number of factors, from mechanical trauma to exacerbation of a chronic disease. The more accurate the primary diagnosis and the patient's questioning will be, the higher the chances of saving a person. Even minor details that the patient reports can be useful and clarifying. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurs at any time of the day, regardless of human activity.

The active phase can begin at any time. The reason for calling an ambulance is a jump in blood pressure, dizziness, vomiting with blood. If the appearance of emetic masses of dark color, with a high probability of them contain blood, and you need to urgently call an ambulance. The first help with gastric bleeding is to place a person on a flat surface and place the cold on the abdomen.

2 Therapeutic actions of

The actions of doctors and those who are close to the patient should be as follows:

• patient must be carried on stretchers, limit his movements;
• is prohibited from giving patients water and food;
• on the abdomen should be placed cold compress;
• if there is no cold compress, in extreme cases, you can give the patient a piece of ice, since the cold will help to stop the stomach bleeding a little.

All these actions are recommended to people who are close to a person who is suspected of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Before the arrival of an ambulance, you can not move a person and give him to go alone to meet medical staff.

Arriving at the place of emergency doctors will take the necessary action. If necessary, haemostatic drugs are used, for example, Dicinone or analogues, in some cases it is possible to use calcium chloride. If blood loss has reached a large scale, in the first aid phase, the patient is undergoing blood volume compensation procedures. If there is a collapse, blood pressure is sharply reduced, plasmasubstitutional solutions are injected.

During the emergency period, vasoconstrictors are administered. These drugs help reduce the lumen of the vessels, which leads to an increase in sharply decreased blood pressure in the patient. Of the drugs used Mesatin, Noradrenalin. In the case when the arterial pressure rises to 90/60, the patient is transferred to an intravenous drip with medications. The lost blood is reconstituted with 0.9% saline solution, 5% glucose solution, Polyglucin. This is done with the help of a dropper.

Emergency care for gastric bleeding includes a procedure to combat hemorrhagic shock. For this, solutions are introduced with Gelofusin, Venofundin. These drugs are mandatory in the first aid kit. In addition to medical assistance, the patient undergoes anti-shock therapy, which is identical with the situation when the patient experiences pulmonary hemorrhage.

Doctors of the emergency help use an oxygen mask to avoid hypoxia due to acute anemia. Oxygen deficiency has a critical effect on the general condition of the patient.

3 Professional actions of

physicians After the patient has received emergency care and the condition is stabilized, he is taken to the nearest medical institution of the appropriate category. Doctors accept the patient and put on the register, receive from the team information about the condition and the resuscitation. After this, it is urgent to establish whether there is an active gastrointestinal bleeding, and to take measures for its final elimination. If necessary, people can immediately send to the operating table.

The task of doctors is primarily to stop bleeding, to eliminate the consequences of hemorrhagic shock, posthemorrhagic anemia, to conduct tests and to identify possible complications. After this, the tests and the causes of bleeding will be performed, the stomach and intestines will be examined.

The patient can be transported only on stretchers, with large blood loss, the upper part should be lowered, this will not allow the blood to stop flowing into the brain. Doctors conduct haemostatic and substitution therapy during patient transfer to inpatient facilities. Intravenous droppers are not removed until special orders from the treating doctor. The more blood was lost, the longer the dropper will be inside the patient to compensate for the fluid lost in the gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient is given endoscopy, if necessary, X-ray, radioisotope, spiral computed tomography.

Regardless of how the gastrointestinal bleeding occurs, the causes, symptoms, emergency care should be provided as quickly as possible. The later the help is given, the higher the risk of death or other serious irreversible consequences. If you suspect a diagnosis, you must call an ambulance while the patient is still conscious. If a person fainted after vomiting with blood, you can not do artificial respiration, squeeze the chest and press on the stomach, and provide self-sustained reanimation.