Umbilical hernia in adults: symptoms and treatment, surgery, prognosis

Man, on the one hand, is the crown of nature, and all the achievements of civilization directly or indirectly indicate that. The head and arms of man are the organs that created our world. But, having freed his hands for work, and having accepted the vertical position of the body, a man sacrificed many.

For example, as a result of uprightness, the load on the spine increased, a disease such as osteochondrosis appeared. And the vertical position of the abdominal cavity and the load on the hands promoted an increase in the pressure in it.

The abdominal muscles are not always equally dense: sometimes between the bundles, weak spots are formed, in which the peritoneum protrudes, and behind it rushes the nearby contents: the intestinal loop. It is a question of hernia of the white line of the abdomen and of the umbilical hernia. Weak places of the abdominal wall are also lower: they form inguinal and femoral hernias.

How dangerous is the appearance of such an education, as an umbilical hernia? How does it look, and how to deal with it?

Umbilical hernia - what is it?

Umbilical hernia is a pathological formation in which the peritoneum with the abdominal organs adjacent to it is entrained under the skin, under the influence of internal pressure, in the case of weakness of the umbilical ring. The navel in Latin is umbo, and the umbilical hernia is therefore called umbilical.

• A characteristic symptom is a decrease in protrusion, or complete disappearance( spontaneous repositioning) in the supine position.

The incidence of this localization is approximately 6-10%.More often it is observed in women giving birth, as well as in the rural population, due to greater physical exertion.

How is the umbilical hernia arranged?

Any hernia, including umbilical, consists of three parts: a gate( "weak spot"), a bag( which is visible from the outside), and contents that,is in the bag. In the case of an umbilical hernia, it can be a large omentum, or, worse, a loop of the small intestine.

It is the behavior of the content that determines the forecast. For example, with prolonged protrusion, the appearance of pain, deterioration of well-being, it is possible to simply necrotic the contents of the bag.

Therefore, any attempt to correct such a hernia will lead to the development of peritonitis, which is fraught with fatal consequences. Such a condition, in which urgent surgery is needed, is called infringement of a hernia.

Why does a hernia occur?

The main producing factor is congenital or acquired umbilical cord stretching, which is constantly increasing with increasing intra-abdominal pressure: this occurs, for example, in crying in children, and during spontaneous, especially prolonged labor in women.

Predisposing factors for the development of umbilical, or umbilical hernia in adults are:

• with habitual constipation;
• with abdominal obesity;
• with weakness of abdominal muscles;
• with cicatricial postoperative changes in the peripodal region;
• with frequent pregnancies;
• due to pronounced physical stress, for example, when lifting weights;
• for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: asthma, coughing attacks;

It is not difficult to guess that there are only two factors: it is the weakness of the umbilical ring in combination with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. This mechanism is universal for all hernias: femoral, inguinal, and white abdominal line. Symptoms of umbilical hernia in adults

What does the umbilical hernia look like? As a round protrusion in the navel. Unfortunately, the appearance does not say anything about the contents of the bag and its condition. Earlier, before the advent of ultrasound, it was difficult to guess about this.

For example, used to listen to a hernia with a phonendoscope. If there was an intestinal loop in the bag, and her condition did not cause fear, then the sounds of peristalsis were heard, and rumbling. But if the bowel "fell silent", then this sign could indicate its necrosis.

Symptoms of umbilical hernia in adults with its uncomplicated course are as follows:

1. Appears bulging in the umbilical region, first with increasing pressure, and then - more often. In the horizontal position, the hernia is often replaced;
2. If there is an increase in pressure( lifting of heaviness, coughing, sneezing, emptying of the intestine) there are pains that characterize the "squeezing" of the contents through the ring. Patients "with experience" during physical exertion wear a special bandage, or even hold the navel with their fingers to prevent an increase in the hernia;
3. When the process progresses, nausea, bitterness in the mouth, increased peristalsis, rumbling can be disturbing. This is due to the fact that the advance of the food lump through the small intestine into the area of ​​the hernial gates is further hampered.

Treatment of umbilical hernia without surgery

If there is an umbilical hernia, what should I do? First of all, you need to observe it, not allowing unnecessary strain of abdominal muscles.

Wearing a special, well-chosen bandage, can prevent the appearance of a hernia, for this purpose, a special plaster for umbilical hernia can also be used.

But, all these measures are similar to the behavior of a man guarding a barrel of gunpowder among the burning candles. As the great connoisseur of the human soul and doctor Anton Pavlovich Chekhov wrote, "if there is a gun on the wall, it must shoot."This is what happens with the hernia, and not necessarily with the umbilical.

They have an insidious property to be complicated and infringed at the most inopportune moment of time: in the forest, on the hunt, away from civilization and sanitary aviation, or from the means of communication.

Therefore, the redirection of a long-standing education is not only useless, but it can also be dangerous. Treatment of umbilical hernia in adults without surgery is impossible: the state of "cure" will last until the next trip to the toilet.

Yes, there are special types of hernia, for example, internal hernia of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm, in which, in most cases, conservative treatment is shown, which is very successful. But there is a special biomechanics of the appearance of a hernia, and, in addition, there are no symptoms of obstruction, and infringement is extremely rare. Therefore, the only treatment of the type "did and forgot" is the removal of the umbilical hernia.

To which doctor should be used for examination and treatment? It should be a surgeon of a polyclinic, which will give directions for hospitalization and surgical treatment.

Operates in any branch of "clean" surgery, which is not only in the city, but in any central district hospital. Hernia operation refers to the division of abdominal surgery, or surgery of the abdominal organs.

On the operation to remove a hernia

In fact, that's what illiterate people say. No "removal" occurs, since there is nothing to remove, except for excess skin and subcutaneous tissue. The intestinal loops enter the abdominal cavity( under condition of their full viability), then the main stage of the operation is performed - the plastic of the hernial gates, that is, the strengthening of the umbilical ring, and then the excess dermal sac is eliminated.

The fact that the skin for a long time had time to stretch, and not always it will be able to deal without wrinkles. In any case, a small hem near the navel is completely invisible after the operation.

It is important to understand that it is necessary to operate the umbilical hernia "on a cold", that is, among the overall health. Of course, this is not very desirable, but it is necessary.

How do you know if a hernia is hurt and urgent help is needed?

Complications and signs of infringement of hernia

Urgent call an ambulance, or you yourself should go to the nearest surgical hospital if:

• there was a nausea, vomiting, the state of health worsened;
• noises of intestinal peristalsis disappeared, there was no stool and gas leakage, a bloating appeared;
• fever, or pain has sharply increased( not only in the umbilical region, but, in general, in the abdomen, or in the groin).

Also a dangerous precursor is the situation where education, which is usually easy and self-directed to lie down, ceased to do so.

For obvious reasons, you can not try to force it, but to call an ambulance, and lying down to go to the hospital. If you get up, you can completely infringe the content.

It is known that the loop of the intestine, which has a torsion of the mesentery with a leading artery, after a few hours already needs a resection, as it perishes. This causes intestinal obstruction, which after a few hours is complicated by peritonitis.

Forecast

With timely access to the surgeon in the "planned" order, a person recovers. As a rule, there are no relapses, there is no cosmetic defect. The operation does not last long, "they do not climb into the stomach".

Basically, the surgeon does all the work, doing the umbilical ring plastic surgery. After discharge from the hospital, you can forget about the bandage, and about all the restrictions.

Instead of concluding

Umbilical hernia in adults, whose symptoms and treatment we examined, is considered by doctors to be a "non-serious" operation. But in the event that the patient neglected the planned hernia repair, and got on the operating table already in a state of collapse and shock, with intestinal obstruction, vomiting and diffuse peritonitis, his chances not only for recovery but for survival are rapidly falling.

Therefore, in order not to create problems - do not listen to those who offer "recovery without surgery".Your health is only in your hands.