1 Medical indications

Intestinal diseases can be inherited, have an immunological character. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract develop against a background of malnutrition and unhealthy lifestyle, acute and chronic stress, infection.

Most of the problems with the intestines are based on chronic or acute, aseptic or infectious inflammation. In this case, there is a lesion of the mucosa of one or more parts of the organ. Specialists distinguish enteritis, duodenitis, etnitis, tiflitis and other inflammations in the gut.

Affected mucous membranes swell, secreting exudate of purulent or serous type. In severe cases, ulcers develop in the body, which can bleed. Rarely ulcers affect the deep layers of the intestinal walls, provoking its perforation. This leads to peritonitis.

The above characteristics contribute to impaired function of the affected organ:

• does not digest food;
• mucus is released in an increased amount;
• is not absorbed by microelements.

If there are problems with the intestines, constipation is the main consequence of the pathology. But with an irritated bowel there are no inflammatory conditions. The reasons for its development are associated with imbalance of serotonin, increased or decreased motility of the organ.

2 List of possible pathologies

Specialists refer to common bowel diseases:

• inflammation of the large and small intestines( the absorption process is disrupted);
• Crohn's disease( defeat of all parts of the digestive tract);
• hemorrhoids( veins dilate near the rectum);
• enteritis( inflammation of the small intestine);
• ulcerative colitis( lesions of the large intestine);
• tumors( diagnosed in people of different ages);
• constipation of a functional nature( the regularity of the defecation process is disrupted).

Some chronic diseases are characterized by hidden symptoms that can be seen in a hospital. With the diagnosis of enteritis in the patient, diarrhea, dry and pale skin is observed. Rare appears rarer. In the chronic course of the disease, the patient suffers from flatulence, a rumbling feeling and abdominal pain. Treatment of the disease includes proper dietary intake( limited consumption of carbohydrates and fats).When a syndrome of insufficient absorption is observed, a strict diet is observed( taking into account the list of indigestible substances).

If bothersome diarrhea, then shows a frequent drink. Folk remedies can stop diarrhea, restore the broken mucous membrane. With chronic enteritis use chamomile, sage, St. John's wort. To eliminate intestinal dysbiosis, take probiotics, cleanse the intestines.

Colitis is a frequent disease of the large intestine. Specialists distinguish the following types of pathology( the etiological nature of the disease is taken into account):

• ulcerative;
• medicated;
• is infectious.

3 Symptomatology of diseases

To the general symptoms of the above colitis specialists include: impaired stool;pain and raspiranie in the abdomen;feces with an admixture of blood, pus;weight loss;general weakness. If in the course of diagnosis the doctor has revealed extensive areas of inflammation, the pathology proceeds in a neglected form. Excessive intake of medications and self-medication lead to the development of colitis. Therapy of such a disease is long. The patient is shown a diet. At an exacerbation to the patient prescribe antibiotics.

To specialists in pathology of the intestine, specialists include fungal diseases. Immunodeficiency, inaccuracies in nutrition, unreasonable intake of antibiotics are the main causes of the development of intestinal candidiasis. With this pathology, there is diarrhea, gastric and intestinal discomfort. Self-treatment of candidiasis can lead to the development of numerous complications, such as organ perforation, penetration of ulcers, internal bleeding.

To autoimmune pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, specialists consider Crohn's disease. Her etiology is unknown. Of the main symptoms are liquid stool, pain and bleeding. The pain is similar to the clinic of acute appendicitis. Therefore, to make an accurate diagnosis, a differential examination of the patient is carried out.

Treatment of Crohn's disease is symptomatic. Infectious diseases of the intestines are more often diagnosed in the summer. This is due to increased use of unwashed fruits and vegetables, with drinking unboiled water. Provoke such pathologies may be intestinal amoeba. With a mild course, there are signs of dysentery colitis. The patient complains of frequent stools - 20 times a day. This provokes dehydration. There may be symptoms of acute poisoning.

To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor conducts a complete examination of the patient. With the help of a capsule, the doctor can examine the hard-to-reach places of the affected organ. To diagnose polyps, endoscopy and ultrasound are performed. To explore the lower intestine, a colonoscopy is indicated.

4 Principles of therapy

The main component of non-drug therapy for any intestinal disease is a therapeutic diet. When inflammatory diseases from the menu exclude dairy products, reduce the amount of fiber used. When diagnosed, Crohn's disease shows fasting for several days.

During the course of treatment, the patient should avoid stressful situations. The main scheme of drug therapy of inflammatory processes in the intestine includes the administration of the following pharmacological groups:

1. Aminosalicylates( Mesalazine, Sulfasalazine) - are taken with exacerbation and to support the remission of the inflammatory process. Preparations of this group take rectally or inside. Dosage depends on the severity of the course of the disease.
2. Steroid hormones( budesonide) - are taken with severe, acute and moderate forms of the disease, which are accompanied by extraintestinal complications. The dosage of the medicine is selected taking into account the patient's body weight. In response to the drug taken, the patient's body can react by forming a hormonal dependence. At the initial stage of therapy, the doctor observes a positive effect, and if the dose is lowered or the medicine is withdrawn, the inflammation will develop more.
3. Immunosuppressors( Azathioprine, Cyclosporine) - prescribed in the absence of effect from the previous treatment regimen and when observing hormonal dependence. The medications of this group take a long time, and the effectiveness of therapy is noted only on the 3rd month of the course.

Since bowel diseases are caused by various microorganisms, the doctor includes antibiotics in the treatment regimen - Ciprofloxacin.

5 Additional treatment of

To facilitate the patient's condition, to correct intestinal disorders, symptomatic therapy is indicated:

• reception of protein preparations - serum albumin, protein, amino acid solutions;
• for the improvement of microcirculation processes take infusion of Reopoliglyukin and Hemodesis;
• can be corrected by immunomodulators such as Levamisol and Ribomunyl;
• with dysbiosis can take such probiotics as Bifiform;
• if the patient has a severe pain syndrome, take antispasmodics( Papaverin, Drotaverin);
• if the intestinal disease has developed against a background of stress, reception of sedative medications and psychotropic agents is indicated;
• from constipation will help preparations of lactulose and tablets that stimulate intestinal motility( Mosid);
• if there is diarrhea of ​​pronounced nature, an infusion massive therapy is performed - the patient is prescribed saline solution, glucose solution, Trisol, Disol and antidiarrheal drugs( Loperamide);
• if hypovitaminosis and anemia are detected that accompany chronic intestinal disease, then iron preparations( Tardiferon) are prescribed, they are taken inside for 3 months, after 30 days after the beginning of therapy the patient must pass a blood test, while vitamin therapy is also performed;
• if the chronic pathology of the intestine is in remission, physiotherapy is carried out - use therapeutic mud, clay, physiotherapy exercises;
• for severe inflammation with mucosal ulcers and complications that do not respond to treatment, as well as for tumor and intestinal obstruction, surgical intervention is indicated - the patient is removed from the gut segment or chemotherapy and radiation therapy is performed.

6 Methods of prevention

To prevent the development of bowel diseases, doctors advise to eat rationally, to abandon bad habits. It is recommended to observe hygienic measures:

• wash hands after restroom, arrival from the street, contact with different animals;
• use only boiled water.

It is forbidden to swim in an unchecked pond. When the above symptoms are described, it is recommended to consult a gastroenterologist. Diagnosis should be performed only by a qualified endoscopist. If necessary, the treatment regimen is selected taking into account the recommendations of a nutritionist, proctologist, surgeon and oncologist. Special attention should be given to the symptoms of bowel disease in the child.