1 The structure of the rectum

The digestive system is known to have an ending - it's the rectum through which undigested food in the form of residues( feces) is released outside. Its structure is adapted for this, and the anal opening is surrounded by muscle pulp, that is, the sphincter. At the time of emptying the muscles of the shell of the walls of the rectum in women and men strain, and the sphincter opens. Immediately due to the emergence of effort, the stool is pushed out. In this case, the feces can be of different density: from a soft consistency to a hard stool mass. To ensure that when a dense lump does not injure the rectum, special spiral folds are present on its walls. As a result, the stool is not simply squeezed out, but as if unscrewed outwards. The very same rectum has a huge number of different glands. They produce a special lubricant in the form of mucus, which reduces the likelihood of injury to the rectum during defecation.

Here under the mucous layer of the rectum there are venous plexuses known as hemorrhoidal veins. Their main function is to provide the total blood flow directly to the vena cava without going into the liver. This feature of the structure of the venous system of the rectum has long been used in medicine. After all, it is for this reason that substances from ointments and suppositories do not enter the rectum after entering the rectum, but act directly on the affected site, which is why this method is more effective in treating rectal injuries than preparations in the form of injections.

But the pain in the anus is not only a pain in the area of ​​the hole, it is a pain that can manifest in any part of the body. It all depends on what part is affected and what tissues are damaged. In addition, there are a number of diseases that cause pain in the anus.

2 Provoking diseases

Pain in the anus, in the rectum, which increases at the time of emptying, suggests that the rectal wall has a crack - it makes itself felt during the act of defecation. Most likely, the mucous membrane of the rectum is damaged. It happens after excessive stretching of the tissue at the time of expulsion of a dense lump of feces. Sometimes the walls of the rectum can damage foreign objects that have got with food into the digestive tract, have not been digested and pulled out. It can be all kinds of bones( from cherries, plums, etc.) or even the husk of sunflower seeds. That is, it once again says that when eating food, especially fruits, in no case should they eat them with seeds, and seeds should be clicked together with the skin.

Also the cause of pain can be called systematic diarrhea, or diarrhea. It is necessary to immediately establish the cause of debilitating diarrhea and to do everything possible to stop diarrhea, and then proceed to the treatment of an inflamed place in the anus. If the pain is accompanied by diarrhea, then the cause may be colitis or diverticulitis, polyp or swelling.

If sensations of pain in the anus do not disappear for a long time, and at the time of defecation increase, it means that the formed crack, which has a chronic form, has become aggravated.

Unlike conventional hemorrhoids, the pain as a result of a crack is more intense. In some cases, it is pressive, which can even cause a cry. Because of this, there is an involuntary delay in emptying, which is the first stage of constipation. However, in the presence of a crack, there is sometimes no pain in the anus. Usually this happens with a long illness.

In some cases, women with pain in the anus are complaining about the unpleasant sensations in the sacrum and perineum, which affects the normal functioning of the genitourinary system. As a result, urination becomes difficult, and in some women there is a violation of the menstrual cycle.

In addition, pain in the anus is an obvious companion and provoker of angina attacks. In the case of a long time of damage to the mucous membrane of the rectum, the pain affects the nerve endings, which becomes the direct cause of the duration of spasm of the muscles of the anal sphincter. Such feelings can last a very long time. Sometimes the pain is delayed for several hours, and in some cases, the feeling of squeezing and acute pain can accompany the woman to the next act of excreta feces.

Some diseases of the digestive tract can also provoke pain in the anus in women and men.

In other words, everything is repeated over and over again: the painful circulation does not stop, but only intensifies, because the appearance of irritation in the form of a crack provokes sharp pains. And the pain, in turn, leads to spasms of the muscles of the anal passage, which makes the pain syndrome worse, becoming unbearable.

3 Symptoms of

Pain due to rectal cracks have 3 kinds of symptoms:

• unbearable pain sensation in the area of ​​the anus at the time of emptying;
• the appearance of pain as a result of exposure to the muscles, which leads to spasm of the anus anterior sphincters;
• slight mucus secretion through the opening of the anus, with minor impurities of blood.

Rectum cracks are of the following size:

• crack length from 1 to 1.5 cm;
• the width of the damage reaches 3 - 5 mm;
• the depth of the damaged tissue varies from 2 to 3 mm.

In this case, they most often appear on the back of the rectum wall, very rarely appear on the anterior wall of the anal canal and almost never appear on all walls simultaneously. If the lesion of the walls, cracks and wounds appeared extensively, this indicates damage to the anus all over the site, that is, a more serious disease. Most often, this pattern is observed in cases of development of oncological diseases of the rectum.

4 Signs of cancer

Cancer is a disease that does not pass asymptomatically. Especially if it's cancer of the anus. The very first and serious symptom, which can not be ignored, is the excretion of feces together with impurities of bright-red blood. The presence of feces in the blood should always be alarming.

The second, no less serious symptom of colon cancer is severe pain in the anus. The pain appears at the time of emptying, does not abate for a long time, but only intensifies, gradually becoming permanent. In some cases, the unbearable pain sensation irradiates into the genital organs, gives to the hips and lower abdomen.

Fortunately, these symptoms do not always indicate the presence of an advanced form of malignant neoplasm. The main sign of a neglected form of oncology of the rectum is severe pain and bleeding.

5 Hard chair

Not always pain in the perineum, pain in the rectum in the anus shows that it is cancer. Some patients suffer from the appearance of painful sensations as a result of prolonged emptying with a stiff stool.

Another pain may appear due to a perineal contusion. This includes such causes as a fall, a bruise or a strong blow.

Also, pain appears during muscle spasms in the rectum. In proctology, this kind of spasm is called fugue. At the same time, their distinctive feature is that such a spasm occurs mainly in adolescence and only during the night when the person is at rest. As for persons of age, in this case fungus attacks are not observed.

6 Dangerous diseases

But there are more serious diseases that are a clear cause of the pain in the anus:

• abscesses;
• presence of a venereal disease.

In addition, the pain appears due to prolapse of the rectum. This happens mainly in women in old age who have suffered more than 3 births.

7 Hemorrhoids

Acute pain in the anus is due to thrombosis or as a consequence of the inflammatory process of the hemorrhoids.

The main causes of hemorrhoids are:

• drinking;
• consumption of edible products;
• heavy physical activity;
• systematic constipation;
• pregnancy and childbirth.

The main symptoms of hemorrhoids:

1. Hemorrhoids, as a rule, develop very quickly. The main symptom is the rate of increase in pain, and in some cases, the pain is unbearable. It increases at the time of emptying, during walking and even in a sitting or lying position.
2. Poor health, increased body temperature and the occurrence of a dihedral disorder.
3. The hemorrhoidal node( or nodes) swells as a result of inflammation, its structure becomes strained. In this case, the hemorrhoidal node increases in size, falls out, being infringed simultaneously by the muscles of the rectum, that is, the sphincter, which can lead to the necrosis of the node.

8 Subcutaneous paraproctitis and abscess

Subcutaneous paraproctitis is a festering occurring under the skin from one or both sides of the anus.

The disease develops quickly and immediately turns into an acute form. There is a temperature, a person can feel chills, and in some cases begins to develop intoxication. The pain in the anus is increasing with every minute and becomes unbearable at the time of defecation.

Abscess is not a direct abscess, but submucosal that is formed in the rectum. This disease is considered very rare. Usually abscesses are subcutaneous-submucosal, as they are at the very edge of the anal entrance to the rectum. In this case, patients develop a dull aching pain in the rectum and in the very anus, which increases when the faeces are excreted outward. Sometimes an abscess is accompanied by a slight increase in body temperature and malaise.

When examining a patient with this type of disease, the doctor will easily determine the presence of an abscess. This disease is characterized by the fact that the visual anal opening does not change. But in the finger examination, there are tuberculate changes on the walls of the rectum at the very edge of the anal opening. When feeling, they manifest painful sensations. The initial stage of the abscess has an increased density of compaction, the second stage is already a softer tissue, but with severe pain when groping.

Unfortunately, many women from inattention or excessive modesty refer to the appearance of pain in the anus of the anus frivolously. Some of them are ashamed to consult a doctor with a similar problem, and some simply do not know which specialist should be treated, if suddenly there was pain in the anus.

To think that everything will pass by itself, or self-medicate is a big mistake, which will later be corrected.

Do not self-medicate, postpone all cases and contact a proctologist who will conduct an examination, diagnose and prescribe appropriate treatment.